PENOLOGY defined

 The study of punishment for crime or of criminal offenders. It includes the study of control and prevention of
crime through punishment of criminal offenders

 The term is derived from the Latin word “POENA” which means pair or suffering.

 Penology is otherwise known as Penal Science. It is actually a division of criminology that deals with prison
management and the treatment of the offenders, and concerned itself with the philosophy and practice of
society in its effort to repress criminal activities.

 Penology has stood in the past and, for the most part still stands for the policy of inflicting punishment on the
offender as a consequence of his wrong doing.

Penal Management

 Refers to the manner or practice of managing or controlling places of confinement as in jails or prisons

CORRECTION defined:
 A branch of the Criminal Justice System concerned with the custody supervision and rehabilitation of criminal
offenders.
 It is that field of criminal justice administration which utilizes the body of acknowledge and practices of the
government and the society in general involving the processes of handling individuals who have been
convicted to offenses for purposes of crime prevention and control.
 It is the study of jail/prison management and administration as well as the rehabilitation and reformation of
criminals.
 It is a generic term that includes all government agencies, facilities, programs, procedures, personnel, and
techniques concerned with the investigation, intake, custody, confinement, supervision, or treatment of
alleged offenders.

Correction as a Process:

 Refers to the reorientation of the criminal offender to prevent him or her from repeating his deviant or
delinquent actions without the necessity of taking punitive actions but rather the introduction of individual
measures or reformation.
Correctional Administration:
 The study and practice of a systematic management of jails or prisons and other institutions concerned with
the custody, treatment, and rehabilitation of criminal offenders.

IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES

COMPETENT AUTHORITY –refers to the Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, Regional Trial Court, Metropolitan Trial Court,
Municipal Circuit Court, Sandigan Bayan, Military Court, House of Representatives, Senate, Commission on Elections,
Bureau of Immigrations and Deportation and Board of Pardons and Parole.

CARPETA – refers to the institutional record of an inmate which consists of his mittimus commitment order, the
prosecutor’s information and the decision of the trial court, including the appellate court, if any

COMMITMENT - ensuring for confinement of an inmate to a jail by competent authority for investigation, trial and/or
service of sentence.
CLASSIFICATION - refers to the assigning or groupings of inmates according to their sentence, gender, age, nationality,
health records, etc.

 A method by which diagnosis, treatment, planning and execution of treatment programs are coordinated to
an individual.
 The process of assigning inmates to types of custody or treatment programs appropriate to their needs.

COMMITMENT ORDER - a written order of the court or any other competent authority consigning an offender to a jail or
prison for confinement.

CONTRABAND - any article, item or thing prohibited by law and/or forbidden by jail rules.

CORPORAL PUNISHMENT – the infliction of physical pain as a form of punishment

DETAINEE – person who confined in prison pending preliminary investigation, trial or appeal, or upon legal process
issued by the competent authority.

 A person accused before a court or competent authority who is temporarily confined in jail while undergoing
investigation, awaiting final judgement.

DETERRENCE - a crime – control strategy that uses punishment to prevent others from committing similar crimes.

DEATH CONVICT - refers to an inmate death penalty/sentence imposed by the Regional Trial Court is affirmed by the
Supreme Court.

DIVERSIFICATION – administrative device of correctional institution of providing varied and flexible types of physical
plants for more effective control of treatment programs of its diversified population.

DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION - a crime strategy that focuses on keeping the offender in the community rather than placing
them in long-term institution.

ESCAPE - an act of getting out unlawfully from confinement or custody by an inmate

 Evasion of service of sentence (Art. 157, RPC)

INSTRUMENT OF RESTRAINT - a device contrivance, tool, or instrument used to hold back, keep in, check, or control an
inmate, e.g. handcuffs, leg irons

INMATE – (brief definition) either a prison or detainee confined in jail.

 (as defined in Bureau of Corrections Operating Manual) refers to a national prisoner or one sentenced by the
court to serve maximum term of imprisonment of more than three (3) years or to a fine of more than one
thousand pesos (1,000) or regardless of the length of the sentence imposed by the court, to one sentenced
for violation of the Custom Law or other laws within the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Customs or enforceable
by it, or violation of immigration and election laws; or to one sentenced to serve two (2) or more prison
sentences in the aggregate exceeding the period of three (3) years, whether or not he has appealed. It shall
include a person committed to the Bureau by a court or competent authority for safekeeping or similar
purpose. Unless otherwise indicated “inmate” shall refer to a “detainee”.

JAIL - a place of confinement for inmates under investigation, awaiting or undergoing trial or serving sentence.

 Is a building or place of confinement of arrested or sentenced persons. it is usually made up of cells which are
made up of small rooms or enclosures where prisoners are actually kept or confined (People vs. Caribacan,
13672- CR. Sept. 9, 1965)
MITTIMUS - a warrant issued by a court bearing its seal and the signature of the judge, directing the jail or prison
authorities to receive inmates for custody or service of sentence imposed certain.

PENANCE – an ecclesiastical punishment inflicted by an ecclesiastical court for some spiritual offense.

PENAL SERVITUDE – a punishment, which consist of keeping an offender in confinement and compelling him to labor.

PENALTY – a prison correctional institution, or other place of confinement where convicted felons are sent to serve out
the term of their sentence.