Unit Processes

Lecture 01 – Unit Processes

Dr. Muhammad Aslam

Assistant Professor
Department of Chemical Engineering
Lecture Outline
1 Instructor Details
2 Course Details
3 Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs)

4 Course Outline – Key Topics

5 Recommended Books
6 Introduction to Unit Processes

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Dr. Muhammad Aslam– About Me

MS-PhD
Inha University, Republic of Korea

BS
Department of Chemical Engineering
COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus

Research Group
Membrane Systems Research Group, CUI Lahore
Campus (https://www.membranecui.com/)
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 Research Publications
Research Co-Supervisions
>100 International Publications 2 PhD Students
>60 Impact Factor Journal Papers under co-supervision
(Cumulative Impact Factor > 500)
>60 International Conference/Workshop Papers

Citations & H-Index

4+ MS Students under
2650 Citations
Supervision
H-Index = 29
i10-Index = 48

Research Area
Membrane Processes, Membrane Bioreactors, Photocatalytic membrane
reactors, Membrane distillation, Osmotic membrane processes,
Wastewater Treatment, Bioenergy recovery from waste streams 4
Research Publications

5
Research Group @ COMSATS

Membrane Systems Research Group

CUI LahoreCampus
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(https://www.membranecui.com/)
Research @ COMSATS
Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor Nanoscale-enhanced Membrane
Technology Technology
Fabrication of functional
Bioenergy & membrane by combining
Resource Recovery with nanoparticles for
from wastewater gas separations and
wastewater treatment.

Identification & Behavior and rejection

Energy-efficient way mechanisms of emerging
to control greenhouse gases and
membrane fouling contaminants

Development of hybrid
Hydrodynamics and phocatalytic membrane
module optimization system & pervaporation
membranes

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International Collaborations

Prof. Jeonghwan Kim (Inha University, Korea)

Prof. Perry L. McCarty (Stanford University, USA)

Prof. Po-Heng Lee (Imperial College London, UK)

Prof. Geoffroy (European Membrane Institute, France)

Prof. Roil Bilad (Uni. Technol. PETRONAS, Malaysia)

Prof. Gopalakrishnan Kumar (Uni. of Stavanger, Norway)

Prof. A. E. Atabani (Erciyes University, Turkey)

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Course Details - Instructor

Instructor Dr. Muhammad Aslam

Email maslam@cuilahore.edu.pk

Office Office no. 08, PhD Faculty Block

CUI Profile https://lahore.comsats.edu.pk/Employees/1140

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Course Details:

Unit Processes

Course Code: CHE316

Credit Hours: 3(3, 0)

Prerequisite(s): CHM201

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Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs)
By the end of this course, the students should be able to

Describe important unit processes of industrial

applications.

Apply the fundamentals of chemical kinetics, reaction

mechanisms and thermodynamics for unit processes

Develop a process flow diagram for the production of

various industrial chemicals.
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Course Outline – Key Topics
Introduction to Unit Processes
Chemical Kinetics and thermodynamics
Chemical Process Kinetics
Nitration
Esterification
Hydrocarbon synthesis and hydroformylation
Hydrogenation
Halogenation
Sulfonation and Sulfation
Reduction and Oxidation
Hydrolysis
Amination
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Recommended Books

Groggins P. H. “Unit Processes in

Organic Synthesis” 9th Ed. New York N.
Y: Springer Sciences, Van Norstrand
Reinhold, 2013

Narayanan C. M. “Unit Operations and

Unit Processes” 1st Ed. Vol. 2. CBS
Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi,
2007
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Recommended Books

Olsen J. C. Unit Processes in Chemical

Engineering, 5th Ed. New York N. Y:
McGraw Hill, 2003.

Keyes D. B. The Chemical Engineering

Unit Processes, Illinios; Engineering
Experiment Section, 2000.

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Recommended Books

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 Introduction

Chemical Process
Chemical process is combination of unit processes and unit operations.
A process may require many unit operations to obtain the desired
product from the starting materials, or feedstocks.

Raw Physical Chemical Physical Products

Materials Treatment Treatment Treatment
Steps Steps Steps 16
Introduction
Chemical Processes usually have three interrelated elementary processes

Transfer of reactants to the reaction zone

Chemical reactions involving various unit processes

Separation of the products from the reaction zone using

various unit operations

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Introduction

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Introduction
Unit Processes
Chemical The concept of unit operations was introduced in 1915 by Dr. Arthur D. Little

Engineering
Unit Operations
The concept of unit processes was introduced in 1923 by P.H. Groggin

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Introduction

Unit Processes
Unit process involves chemical conversions leading to synthesis of
various useful product.
Provide basic information regarding the reaction temperature and
pressure, extent of chemical conversions and yield of product of
reaction, nature of reaction whether endothermic or exothermic,
type of catalyst used.
Unit Process is used to classify reactive processes such as nitrations,
esterification, oxidation etc.
Introduction

Unit Processes

All the unit operation processes wherein chemical reaction is made

to take place to improve the efficiency of the equipment also falls
under unit processes. For example, reactive distillation, reactive
extraction, reactive absorption, etc.
Introduction

Unit Processes in
Chemical Process
Industries
Introduction

Unit Operations
Unit operations involve physical change or operation to get the products
obtained during various unit processes

Unit operations can be before or after the unit process.

Unit operation is a basic step in the unit process, like evaporation,

crystallization, separations etc.

In Milk processing, for example homogenization, separation, chilling and

packing.
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 Introduction
1
e.g., fluids transportation, filtration,
Fluid flow
solid fluidization, Pumping etc.

2
e.g., evaporation, heat exchange,
Heat Transfer
etc.
Unit
operations in 3 Mass Transfer
e.g., gas absorption, distillation,
Chemical extraction, adsorption, drying etc.
Engineering
4 Thermodynamic
e.g., gas liquefaction, refrigeration
etc.

5
e.g., solids transportations, crushing,
Mechanical etc.
pulverization, screening and sieving,
grinding, mixing, agitation, blending,
filtration etc. 24
Introduction

Input
Homogeneous Heterogeneous

Processes Reactants are in same Two more phases; gas-

phase-liquids, gases or liquid, gas-solid, liquid-
solids solid etc.

For example, reaction between aqueous solutions of acids and bases is an example
of homogenous reaction;
While combustion of coal, roasting of ores, reduction of iron ore are example of
heterogeneous reactions

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Introduction

Variables affecting Chemical reactions

1 Temperature

2 Pressure

3 Composition

4 Catalyst activity, selectivity, stability, life etc.

5 Rate of heat and mass transfer etc.

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Introduction
Student Task of Today Lecture

Reactions

Reversible Endothermic Catalytic

source-
or or Or
document 2
irreversible
Machine exothermic non-catalytic

Reactions may be carried out

source-
Batch Semi-batch Continuous2
document
Machine 27
Introduction
Student Task of Today Lecture

Reactors

Batch source-
Plug flow CSTR
document 2

Reactors Catalytic reactors

Packed bed Fluidized bed

Isothermal Adiabatic

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Assignment#01

An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an

industrial process plant where crude oil is
transformed and refined into more useful
products such as petroleum naphtha, gasoline,
diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene,
liquefied petroleum gas, jet fuel and fuel oils.
Petroleum refining processes and operations
can be classified into different unit processes
and unit operations. This is a schematic flow
diagram of a typical oil refinery that depicts the
various unit processes and the flow of
intermediate product streams that occurs
between the inlet crude oil feedstock and the
final end products. Describe any six unit
processes involved in this petroleum refinery. 29
Assignment#01

General Guidelines for Assignment

The assignment must be designed to have following components:
Title (Sample will be on CuOnline and WhatsApp group)
Name of Student, Registration No
Program Name and the current semester
Assignment statement
Describe various Unit Processes involved Due Date: Sep. 23, 2022
References
Note:
 Only soft copies will be acceptable.
 Assignment should be uploaded on CuOnline portal
 Late submissions will not be marked
 Assignments will be compared and obvious assignments susceptible of plagiarism
will not be marked. 30
Assignment#01

General Guidelines for Assignment

The assignment should be on paper of A4 size.
The Top, Bottom and Right margins should be 1”, while the Left (binding side) margin
should be 1.5”.
Times New Roman Font Style should be used.
The font size in the main body of the assignment should be 12-point.
Line spacing in main body of text should be 1.5.
All page numbers of the assignment are placed in the center at the bottom of the page.
All page numbers must be Times New Roman with font size of 12

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Words of Today

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Thank you