GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Chandkheda, Ahmedabad
Affiliated

SHROFF S.R. ROTARY INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY

A
Project Report
On

Selection of Separation of Operation

Under subject of
Computer Aided Process Synthesis
B. E. Semester – VII
Chemical Engineering
Submitted by:

NO. NAME OF STUDENT ENROLLMENT NO

1. Divyangsinh Rana 170990105051

Mr. Krunal Suthar Dr. Alok Gautam

(Faculty Guide) (Head of the Department)

Academic year
(2020-2021)

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that project work embodied in this report Entitled

“SELECTION OF SEPARATION OF OPERATION. ” was carried out by
Divyangsinh Rana (170990105051) studying at Shroff S.R. Rotary Institute
Of Chemical Technology code no. 099 for partial fulfilment of the subject
COMPUTER AIDED PROCESS SYNTHESIS. This project work has
been carried out under my guidance and supervision and it is up to my
satisfaction.

Date:

Signature and name of faculty:

Mr. Krunal Suthar

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Success of any project depends on the dedication and sincere hard work. It also
requires some essentials like motivation, guidelines, encouragement, positive
attitude, good observation and time. We express our sincere gratitude to our
Guide (Mr. Krunal suthar sir). We would like to thanks to the department of
chemical engineering for his constant support and valuable suggestion without
which the successful completion of this project would not have been possible.
Finally we express our great thanks and regards to our parents and our family
for their support which helped us through the difficulty and hardships of life to
earn achievement.

Yours Sincerely,
Divyangsinh Rana

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Introduction
 Separation processes are integral unit operation in most of the
modern chemical, pharmaceutical and other process plants.
 Some are standard and conventional processes, like, distillation,
absorption, adsorption, etc.
 Newer separation processes, like, membrane based techniques,
chromatographic separation, super critical fluid extraction, etc., are
gaining importance in modern days plants.
 In order to effect separation, one has to put either energy or an
extra material from outside to disturb stability.
 This is equivalent to the concept of exceeding the activation
energy of separation by an external agent (agent may be energy or

matter).

What do you mean by separation Processes?

 Those operations which transform a mixture of substances into two

or more products which differ from each other in composition.
 Why does chemical engineering require the study of separation
techniques? Because separations are crucial in chemical
engineering. A typical chemical plant is a chemical reactor
surrounded by separators, as diagrammed in the schematic flow
sheet of Figure below:

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  Industrial Separation Operation:-
Industrial Chemical Processes:
The Chemical Industry manufactures products that differ
in chemical content from process feeds, which can be
(1) Naturally occurring raw materials
(2) Plant or animal matters
(3) Chemical Intermediates
(4) Chemicals of commerce
(5) Waste products
Oil refinery is the best example of application of separation
processes.
 Mechanism of separation:
Mixing of the chemicals is always increase the entropy or
randomness. The inverse process, the separation of that
mixture into its constituent chemical species, is not a
spontaneous process: it requires an expenditure of energy.
Various mechanisms for separation are:
1. Separation by Phase creation (Distillation, absorption etc.)
2. Separation by Phase addition (extraction etc.)
3. Separation by Barrier (Membrane, filtration etc.)
4. Separation by solid agent (Leaching, adsorption, etc.)
5. Separation by force field or gradient (electrochemical
separation, electro-coagulation, etc.)

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 In all the processes, rate of separation is governed by mass
transfer and the extent of separation is limited by
thermodynamic equilibrium. Thus, both transport and
thermodynamic considerations are crucial in separation
operations.
 Separation by Phase creation:-
Phase separation is the creation of two distinct phases from
up single homogeneous mixture .

Example of separation by
phase creation
1. Distillation
2. Absorption
 Distillation :-
Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances
from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation.
1) Simple distillation.
Simple distillation is a procedure by which two liquids with different boiling
points can be separated.
2) Fractional distillation.
Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts,
or fractions. 

 Absorption :-
Absorption is a condition in which something takes in another
substance. In many processes important in technology, the chemical
absorption is used in place of the physical process, 
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 Separation by Phase addition

Example of separation by phase addition is Extraction .

 Extraction :-
Extraction is a process in which one or more components are separated
selectively from a liquid or solid mixture, the feed (Phase 1), by means of a
liquid immiscible solvent (Phase 2). ... Afterwards in order to regenerate the
solvent, another separation step (e.g. distillation) is finally required.

 Sepration By Barrier:

Example Of Sepration By Barrier is Filtration

Filtration:
 Filtration is a process used to separate solids from liquids or gases using a filter
medium that allows the fluid to pass through but not the solid.

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 Separation By Solid Agent:

Example of separation by solid agent

1) Leaching
2) Adsorption
Leaching :-
Leaching is the process of a solute becoming detached or
extracted from its carrier substance by way of a solvent. 
Adsorption :-
Adsorption is the adhesion of atoms, ions or molecules from a
gas, liquid or dissolved solid to a surface. 

References:-
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https://www.vttresearch.com/sites/default/files/julkaisut/muut/2015/VTT
-R-06143-15.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_process
https://www.vttresearch.com/sites/default/files/julkaisut/muut/2015/VTT
-R-06143-15.pdf

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