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Venturimeter in Chemical Water Treatment

This document discusses various desalination technologies including membrane processes like reverse osmosis (RO) and electrodialysis, as well as thermal technologies like multi-stage flash distillation. It provides details on how processes like RO, electrodialysis, and multi-stage flash distillation work to remove dissolved solids from water. The document also discusses other industrial water treatment applications including boiler feed water treatment, cooling water treatment, and waste water treatment.

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Ananya Dave
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37 views18 pages

Venturimeter in Chemical Water Treatment

This document discusses various desalination technologies including membrane processes like reverse osmosis (RO) and electrodialysis, as well as thermal technologies like multi-stage flash distillation. It provides details on how processes like RO, electrodialysis, and multi-stage flash distillation work to remove dissolved solids from water. The document also discusses other industrial water treatment applications including boiler feed water treatment, cooling water treatment, and waste water treatment.

Uploaded by

Ananya Dave
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSRTY

Introduction of venturimeter
MADE BY:
[Link] Bhavsar 170990105004

[Link] bodana 170990105005

[Link] chaddarwala 170990105006

SUBMITTED TO: Gunjan Kumar Branch:CE(3 rd sem)


Desalination
• Three basic categories of water purification technologies
• Membrane technologies, distillation processes (thermal technologies)
and chemical approaches
• Membrane processes are pressure-driven or electrical-driven
technologies
• MF, UF, NF, RO are pressure driven and Electro dialysis is electrical-
driven
• Chemical approaches (ion-exchange) are ineffective for water
containing high levels of dissolved solids
Osmosis
Reverse Osmosis
• RO is effective for removing TDS concentrations of up to 45,000 mg/l
• Needs pumps to raise the pressure of the feed
• Pressure depends upon the concentration of solids in the feed
• Brackish water (140-400psi) versus sea water (> 1200 psi)
• Two types of membranes are used cellulose acetate (CA) and non-
cellulose acetate (Non-CA) membranes
• CA membranes are smooth and resistant to fouling
• Non CA membranes have high flux rate and low salt conc in the
output
• Stable over a broader pH range than the CA membranes
• Hence pre-treatment of feed is necessary
• Sand filters, catridge filters etc are used and chemicals are added to
avoid precipitation and clogging
• pH adjustment is also needed
• Also oxidants like chlorine are removed by adding chemcals
• Post treatment of water is done by adding carbon dioxide and soda
ash to increase the alkalinity and reduce corrosiveness
• Recovery of 30-80% are required
Electro dialysis
• ED utilizes emf applied to electrodes to both sides of the membrane
• ED cell is divided into a pair of ion exchange membranes
• 70 to 90 psi pressure is required
• 75-89% of TDS can be removed
• EDR has the same mechanism but has high removal rate (94%)
• Polarity is reversed n times per hour
• Both ED and EDR are not as sensitive to pH and TDS
• But high TDS concentrations these are not used (costly)
Thermal technologies
• Solar Distillation
• Multistage-flash operation
• Multiple effect evaporation
• Thermal vapour compression
• Mechanical vapour compression
Solar distillation
MSF distillation
Multiple effect evaporator
Mechanical vapour compression
New techniques
• Membrane distillation
• Freeze distillation
• Electrodeionization (electrodialysis plus ion exchange)
• Vacuum distillation
Boiler feed water treatment
• To protect boiler components and piping
• Without treating the boiler water can cause scaling, corrosion etc
• Makeup water intake: Loss of condensate return, leakage consume
more water. This water can be taken from raw water treatment system
• Filtration and softening
• Dealkalization
• RO and NF treatment
• Deaeration or degasification: Removing dissolved oxygen and CO2
• Distribution
Cooling water treatment
• Makeup water intake: Loss of condensate return, leakage consume
more water. This water can be taken from raw water treatment
system
• Filtration and softening
• Chemical addition: Application of corrosion inhibitors to neutralize
acidity
• Side stream filtration
• Post-treatment
Waste water treatment
• Clarification
• Disinfection
• Softening
• Specialized process steps
• Distribution

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