GUJARAT TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

Chandkheda, Ahmedabad
Affiliated

SHROFF S.R. ROTARY INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY

AN
OPEN ENDED PROJECT
On
Different methods used for desalination

Under subject of
CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRY-1
B. E. Semester – III
Chemical Engineering

Submitted by:

NO. NAME OF STUDENT ENROLLMENT NO

1. Bhavsar krutika 170990105004

2. Jayendrasinh bodana 170990105005

3. Chaddarvala parth 170990105006

Mrs.Dhara rojivadiya
(Faculty Guide)

Dr. Alok Gautam

Head of the Department

Academic year
(2018-2019)
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that project work embodied in this report Entitled “Different methods used
for dessalination” was carried out by BHAVSAR KRUTIKA (170990105004),
JAYENDRASINH BODANA (1709901050O5), CHADDARVALA PARTH
(170990105006), studying at Shroff S.R. Rotary Institute Of Chemical Technology code
no. 099 for partial fulfillment of the subject CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRY -I .This
project work has been carried out under my guidance and supervision and it is up to my
satisfaction.

Date:

Signature and name of faculty:

Mr. GUNJAN KUMAR

Desalination

• Three basic categories of water purification technologies

• Membrane technologies, distillation processes (thermal technologies) and chemical approaches
• Membrane processes are pressure-driven or electrical-driven technologies
• MF, UF, NF, RO are pressure driven and Electro dialysis is electrical- driven
• Chemical approaches (ion-exchange) are ineffective for water containing high levels of solve dissolved
solids
Reverse Osmosis
• RO is effective for removing TDS concentrations of up to 45,000 mg/l
• Needs pumps to raise the pressure of the feed
• Pressure depends upon the concentration of solids in the feed
• Brackish water (140-400psi) versus sea water (> 1200 psi)
• Two types of membranes are used cellulose acetate (CA) and non- cellulose acetate (Non-CA)
membranes
• CA membranes are smooth and resistant to fouling
• Non CA membranes have high flux rate and low salt conc in the output
• Stable over a broader pH range than the CA membranes
• Hence pre-treatment of feed is necessary
• Sand filters, catridge filters etc are used and chemicals are added to avoid precipitation and clogging
• pH adjustment is also needed
• Also oxidants like chlorine are removed by adding chemcals
• Post treatment of water is done by adding carbon dioxide and soda ash to increase the alkalinity and
reduce corrosiveness
• Recovery of 30-80% are required
Electro dialysis
• ED utilizes emf applied to electrodes to both sides of the membrane
• ED cell is divided into a pair of ion exchange membranes
• 70 to 90 psi pressure is required
• 75-89% of TDS can be removed
• EDR has the same mechanism but has high removal rate (94%)
• Polarity is reversed n times per hour
• Both ED and EDR are not as sensitive to pH and TDS
• But high TDS concentrations these are not used (costly)