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Current Affairs Section

1) Dubai Courts announced the establishment of a specialised court, focused

on combating money laundering, within the Court of First Instance and
Court of Appeal.

2) Former India footballer O Chandrasekharan, popularly known as Olympian

Chandrasekharan in his home state Kerala, passed away.

3) India’s first sectoral index in the Agri commodities basket i.e. GUAREX was
launched by the National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange Limited
(NCDEX).

4) International Dog Day is observed every year on August 26 to raise

awareness about dog adoption and the importance of providing rescue dogs
with a safe and loving environment.

5) RBI has approved the re-appointment of Sandeep Bakhshi as the MD &

CEO of ICICI Bank.

6) The 5th edition of Indo- Kazakhstan Joint Training Exercise, “KAZIND-

21” will be held from August 30 to September 11, 2021, at Training Node,
Aisha Bibi, Kazakhstan.

7) The 11th Meeting of the BRICS High Representatives Responsible for

National Security was held, via video conferencing.

8) The world’s largest and tallest observation wheel is set to be unveiled

in Dubai, UAE on October 21, 2021.

9) US-based Ohmium International has started India’s first green hydrogen

electrolyzer manufacturing unit at Bengaluru, Karnataka.
Vocabulary Section

1) Revamp
English Meaning- to repair or fix something
Synonyms- Renew, Fix, Repair, Improve, Renovate
Antonyms- Break, Destroy, Impair, Abolish, Damage
Example Sentence- The engineer revamped the impaired machine of the
factory.

2) Quixotic
English Meaning- Something unrealistic.
Synonyms- Utopian, Dreamy, Imaginary, Absurd, Impractical
Antonyms- Realistic, Common, Apparent, Pragmatic, Actual
Example Sentence- Lots of youths are misleading because of the quixotic
Bollywood movies.

3) Offence
English Meaning- Unlawful work or breaching the rule
Synonyms- Crime, Violation, Outrage, Misdeed, Sin
Antonyms- Dignity, Service, Aid, Correct, Lawful
Example Sentence- Two employees have been rusticated by the company
because of their offensive act.

4) Liberalise
English Meaning- Facilitate or revoke of restriction.
Synonyms- Make easy, Facilitate, Acquit
Antonyms- Restriction, Blocking, Confine
Example Sentence- The Indian Government is liberalising the process so
that Foreign investors can invest efficiently.
Vocabulary Section

5) Terminate
English Meaning- The act of ending or destroying.
Synonyms- Finish, End, Wind up, Close, Destroy
Antonyms- Start, Begin, Engage, Continue, Restart
Example Sentence- Both sides decided to terminate the MOU because of
some disagreement.

IDIOMS

1) In a Fog
Meaning: Confusion
Use: I don't want to be in a fog.

2) In a Heartbeat
Meaning: Without any delay or hesitation
Use: Situations can change in a heartbeat.

3) In a Jam
Meaning: A difficult situation
Use: We were stuck in a jam.

4) In a New York Minute

Meaning: Very quickly or instantly
Use: I am in a New York minute.

5) In a Nutshell
Meaning: Using as few words as possible to explain
Use: Can you explain it in a nutshell?
Articles Section

Don’t chase the mirage of iron-fortified rice

( Source – The Indian Express )

For decades, we have been puzzled by the extraordinarily high levels of anaemia in
India, affecting women and children equally, and stubbornly resistant to corrective
measures like mandatory supplementation of iron tablets. These are dismal optics for
our national development, as an anaemic individual has a lower capacity to work and
think, and so the collective capacity of society is at stake. If iron supplements do not
work, what is to be done? The policy response has been to “do even more”. This takes
the form of adding even more iron to the diet through fortification and, this time, doing it
through compulsory rice fortification in safety-net feeding programmes like the ICDS,
PDS and school mid-day meals. This was announced by the Prime Minister in his
recent Independence Day address to the nation. The mandatory rice fortification
programme is being piloted in some districts already, but focuses solely on the logistics
of fortification, without examining the intended effect on anaemia. We feel that this
programme is not required in India, and that the policy should be re-examined.

The first question is whether anaemia prevalence in India is inflated. Anaemia is

diagnosed on the basis of the blood haemoglobin level. The extraordinarily high
anaemia figure might, firstly, be inflated because WHO haemoglobin cut-offs are used
to diagnose anaemia in India. There is a growing global consensus that these may be
too high, and a recent Lancet paper suggested a lower haemoglobin cut-off level to
diagnose anaemia in Indian children.
Articles Section

Using this will actually reduce the anaemia burden by two-thirds. Secondly,
haemoglobin level can be falsely low when a capillary blood sample (taken by finger-
prick) is used for measurement, instead of the more reliable venous blood sample
(taken with a syringe from an arm vein). The anaemia burden in India is estimated from
capillary blood, and global studies, including from India, have shown that using capillary
blood inflates the anaemia burden substantially. If the recommended venous blood
sample is used, it would halve this burden. There is, thus, a significant overestimation of
anaemia burden. But does iron deficiency cause anaemia? And is our diet really
deficient in iron? Iron deficiency is thought to be the primary cause of anaemia in India.
But recently, a MoHFW national survey (Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey) of
Indian children showed that iron deficiency was related to less than half the anaemia
cases. Many other nutrients and adequate protein intake are also important, for which a
good diverse diet is required.

The idea for iron fortification comes from the premise that a normal Indian diet cannot
possibly meet an individual’s daily iron requirement. This is wrong thinking, and is based
on older iron requirements (as per National Institute of Nutrition [NIN] 2010), which were
much too high. The latest corrected iron requirements (NIN 2020) are 30-40 per cent
lower, with the so-called iron “gap” also being much lower. The iron density of the Indian
vegetarian diet, about 9 mg/1000 kCal, can thus meet most requirements and the
efforts to mandatorily fortify the dietary iron content for the whole population are
unnecessary.
Articles Section

Gail Omvedt and the search of the utopian

‘Begumpura’
( source – The Indian Express )

A few weeks ago, on August 2, Gail Omvedt turned 80. A substantial portion of this worthy
life was spent in India, the country she adopted as her own. Gail came of political age in
the USA of the 1960s — the anti-war protests, the struggle for civil rights and the angry
socialist feminism of those decades shaped her thought and left their deep imprint on her
writings. And she wrote on a range of things — on feminism and women’s movements; the
peasant question in post-independent India; Mahatma Phule, the Satyashodhak Samaj
and the Non-Brahman movement in Maharashtra; Babasaheb Ambedkar and his vision for
a universal, democratic politics; Dalit visions for the good and just society; Indian utopian
thought; bhakti devotionalism in western India, especially the writings of Tukaram;
Buddhism…
She wrote for an Indian as well as an international readership, moving with consummate
ease between scholarly and popular journals, translating India for the world of left-leaning
intellectuals of the US in the 1970s and 1980s, locating India’s agrarian economy, its
discontents, class and caste dimensions within the broader rubric of Peasant Studies, and
anchoring cultural revolt, and anti-caste thought within a universal politics of justice and
liberation. She also brought into Indian debates to do with caste, class, gender, land, the
environment and distributive justice arguments from Marxism, sociological thought on
people’s movements, and histories of religion.
Articles Section

She thus set up a fascinating and productive traffic between theories of progress, class
struggle and the utopian future as these had emerged across the socialist world, and the
histories of dissent and protest that obtained in the Indian context, and many of which had
as much to do with anti-caste struggles as they did with workers’ resistance. She learned
as much from struggles on the ground, whether it was the Magowa left movement or the
Indian women’s movements, or peasant struggles, and wrote and spoke from both
locations — the library and the fields, her desk and the streets. Her lively debates with the
Indian left in the late 1970s and with fellow feminists through the 1980s and 1990s are
object lessons in principled civil argument. Her early work on an emergent feminism in
urban and rural India in the 1970s and 1980s remains unparalleled for its masterly
combination of ethnographic detail and feminist theorising.

She pointed to the ways in which lived realities, of social class and cultural caste framed
women’s responses to the economy, conjugality and family, sexual choices … She
reminded feminists that discussions to do with violence against women ought to go
beyond mechanical Marxist interpretations as well as arguments drawn from the so-called
“dialectic” of sex, and ought to take note of how social structures, especially caste and the
family form in the Indian context, helped to normalise sexual and other forms of violence.
She noted too the role played by the post-independent state in enabling a public culture of
brutality, which then resonates in all spheres of life.
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