Connectionism

Connectionism represents psychology’s first comprehensive theory of learning. It was introduced by

Thorndike, the most commonly cited connectionist.

Edward L. Thorndike, is a father of modern educational technology and and founder of behavioral
psychology, so two special position for this psychologist who work for education in terms in students
behaviors why the students individual young children behave in what manner they behave in, like most
psychological studies you cannot do work work on human being directly, human beings canot be use as
a Ginny peg how human being behave or do certain thing and so Thorndike started his research with
animals rats and what he did that he provided a stimulus and so how the rats behave, that is a classical
conditioning to a particular stimulus led to a particular response if the stimulus provided food or water
it continue to happen because obviously the animal are hungry and dusty and needed food and water if
the stimulus was negative, for example, the animal got mild electric shocked the animal will be
interested in doing the same behavior again and again and you Learn to avoid in inappropriate
behaviors and you learn to promote a the appropriate behavior and that is the connection that the rat
made the animals Thorndike made and that philosophy got transferred in to the classroom if animals
can learn to copy,to continue,to go on and do appropriate behaviors in long term and not indulge in or
not do inappropriate behaviors long term students can also do it the key is do the students see the
connection between inappropriate behaviors that could led in a appropriate behaviors that could led to
punishment once the connection is seen students will, individual will,young people will learn to behave
in aappropriate ways, so learning from animals transform to classroom move in to classroom and
leaves seen today now and that students change when teacher approprepately used the system of
connection making the young child understanding why this is being revolved and why that is not being
revolved in 1928 thorndike his first major study with adults after working for years with animals,
replicating,duplicating his experiments and study making sure that nothing was going to go wrong once
a move from animals to human being because when you work with human beings you really want a
zero percent error you don't want human being getting to bad or dieying or negativities happening
because then no human being is to go to volunteer for experimentalexperimental purposes it took
Thorndike years of studying and work with animals before he conducting his first major studies with
human adults in 1928.

WHAT IS CONNECTINISM?

-Connectionism is the theory that all mental processes can be described as the operation of
inherited or acquired bonds between stimulus and response.

-Connectionism was based on the concept, that elements or ideas become associated with one
another through experience and that complex ideas can be explained through a set of simple
rules.

Type of learning- The trial and error learning

Connection-Stimulus-response connection, the basic unit of learning according to behaviourist
learning theory.
Stimulus- Stimulus can be an object effecting the senses or an idea/ thought. Its nature is purely
individualistic that means it differ from organism to organism from time to time from situation to
situation and from place to place.
Response-The Reaction is always in the form of Attraction or Repulsion .Response can be positive or
negative, weak or strong, overt or hidden, right or wrong.
stimulus is the action of a person or the animals while response is the reaction for it.example,
You are hungry so you eat some food. the hungry is consider as a stimulus while the eat some food is
the response of the person
another,
A rabbit gets scared so it runs away.
You are cold so you put on a jacket

Fundamenta Experiment-
some fundamental experimentexperiment of Thorndike.
Need- Every need has a quantum of energy ,that force an organism to act for its fulfilment. Need leads
an organism to the state of drive (the state of restlessness )
example: When people are in need or hungry they are forced to make a way to get what they
want, for example, the person will be forced to work to buy food. just like animals their need to find
food for them to eat.

Goal.-The object suppose to satisfy the need

example: The cat needs to eat, the goal of the cat is to know how to open the box so that he
can escape and eat just like a person if a person has a goal to eat delicious food he will work hard to get
what he wants

Block- a hindrances in between the organism and the goal, is an essentiality for intensive efforts by the
organism to reach the goal. These efforts can also be termed as wrong response. the close doors of the
puzzle box acts as hindrance.
another. the want to be a nurse but the tuition forfor it is to expensive and you don't have that much
money to pay for it. the block for it is the expensive and lock of financial.
Random movements- various responses in a blind mechanical way until some action was effect in
reaching the goal.
example, A hungry cat was lock in a puzzle box and outside the box a dish of food was kept. The cat,
in the box had to pull a string to come out of the box. The cat in the box made several random
movements of jumping, dashing and running to get out of the box.

Chance success-out of blind mechanical responses the success is achieved by-chance. This effort can
also be termed as right response. , Here the cat bumps against the latch. The door opens and the cat
scampers out and eats the fish.
in life there are many chances that we can get or experience like there is a chance that we can take for
granted like you are hired to work by a good company that is the chance for you to succeed but
sometimes we missed or wasted because of personal reasons like you can't go to work for now because
you have a baby to take care of, something like that.

Selection of the right response- ,Here the cat begins to direct almost all of its activity near the latch.
Ultimately, the cat develops a quick and efficient series of movements for opening the latch. example,
the person wants to cook but he doesn't know how, despite his disappointment and failure, he continued
until he got the right ingredients.

Fixation in the nervous system.- . When ultimately, the cat develops a quick and efficient series of
movements for opening the latch.
here you learn what you are doing correctly, like you have an assignment, it will be easy for you to
answer it because you have studied it,first
CONCLUSION:

On the basis of above analysis it can be concluded that-

The most basic form of learning is trial and error learning.
Learning is incremental not insightful.
Learning is not mediated by ideas.
All mammals learn in the same manner.