COLLEGE OF NURSING

MADRAS MEDICAL COLLEGE

CHENNAI - 03

NAME OF STUDENT TEACHER : SHALINI. B

GROUP : M.SC (N) 1ST YEAR

TOPIC : PRINICIPLES AND TECHNIQUES OF COUNSELING

SUBJECT : ADVANCED NURSING PRACTICE

PRINICIPLES AND TECHNIQUES OF COUNSELLING

INTRODUCTION :
The term "Counselling " includes work with individuals which may be
developmental, crisis support, psychotherapeutic guiding or problem solving. The task of
counselling is to give the client" an opportunity to explore discover and clarify the ways of
living more satisfyingly and resourcefully".
( The British Association for counseling BAC 1984)
DEFINITION :
"Counselling is a helping relationship, that includes someone seeking help someone willing to
give help who is capable or trained to help, in a setting that permites help to be given and
received".
( Cornier and Hackney 1987)
Counsellor - professionally trained person to give counseling.
Counsellee - the person who seeks the service or who cannot cope up alone.
THEORIES OF COUNSELLING:
1. Client / Person - Centered Theory :

 Corl Rogers
 Self actualization
2. Rational - Emotive Theory

 Albert Ellis
 Irrational interpretation of reality
3. Behavioural Counselling :

 Social Learing theory

 Operant conditioning
 Aversive conditioning
 Reciprocal inhibition
 Desensitization
COUNSELLOR'S QUALIFICATION :

 Bachelors degree in psychology

 Masters degree
 Cerificate courses of counseling
 Practical experience in the counseling industry
PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELLING :
1. Unique
2. Total individual
3. Acceptance
4. Restatement
5. Reassurance
6. Clarification
7. Interpretation
8. Thorough knowledge of characteristics of the stage of human growth and development
9. Meant for those who need help
10. Continuous process
11. Based on reliable data
12. Flexible approach
13. Client's family members and significant personnel should be included
14. Ever one should be comfortable
15. Maintain dignity
16. Avoid dictatorial attitude
17. Non- emotional involvement
18. Maintain legal aspect of counselee
CHARACTERISTICS / QUALITIES OF A COUNSELLOR :
1. Interpersonal relationship:
2. Personal adjustment
3. Scholastic potentiality and educational background
4. Health and personal appearance
5. Leadership
6. Philosophy of life
7. Professional dedication
8. Verbal communication
TYPES OF COUNSELLING :
1. Directive / Prescriptue / Counsellor Centered Counselling
2. Non - Directive / Client centered counselling
3. Short term counselling
4. Long term counselling
5. Elective counselling
6. Clinical Counselling
7. Psychological counselling
8. Psychotherapeutic counselling
9. Student counselling
10. Placement counselling
11. Marriage counselling
12. Vocational counselling
13. Individual counseling
14. Group counseling
15. Behavioural counseling
16. Dietary counseling
17. Motivational counseling
18. Bereavement counseling
19. Genetic counseling
20. Prenatal and postnatal counseling
21. Rehabilitation counseling
PHASES OF COUNSELLING :
1. Establishing the relationship
2. Assessment
3. Setting goals
4. Interventions
5. Termination and follow up
COUNSELLING TECHNIQUES
1. Privacy
2. Rapport building
3. Attending behavior
S - Face the other Squarely
H - Head nods
O - Adopt and Open postal
V - Verbal following
E - SpEEch
L - Lean forward the other
E - Made Eye contact
R - Be Relatively Relaxed
 4. Active listening
5. Affermation
6. Empathy
7. Paraphrasing - used to clarify
8. Questionning - Asking relevant question in a logical sequential manner is important
9. Focusing
10. Confronting - Direct questions related to client behavior
11. Linking client's feeling event and person one to an other, inorder to make the client better
understand the situation.
12. Placing events in time sequence
13. Analyzing option
14. Advice and suggestion
15. Summarizing
16. Reflection

TOOLS FOR COLLECTING INFORMATION :

1. Non Testing tools 2. Psychological - test

a. Interview
b. Observation
c. Anecdotal records Ability Personality
d. Cumiliative records (Interest and attitude)
e. Sociometry
Achievement Aptitude

Formative Summative General Special

( criterion based) ( Non- Based) Intelligence verbal
creativity numerical
manual dexterity
clerical
MEDIA OF COUNSELING
COUNSELLING COMMITTEE
ROLE OF THE NURSE IN COUNSELLING
 Identifying the person who seeks the counseling.
 Nurse provides services like education, research, knowledge sharing and evidence based
nursing practice.
 Nurse does supervision &monitoring of medication and application of psycho social
skills.
 By evaluating the outcome the nurse can make appropriate referrals depending on the
identified needs of the person.
 Address the issue of stigma associated with mental illness.
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY :
1. Gerald corey . counseling and psychotherapy, 10th edition,2019, Jaypee publishers, pg -
230-252.
2. Lociso robroca Shives. Basic concepts of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, edition 7,
Delhi: Jaypee Publishers;2009, pg 220-221.
3. Navdeep Kaur Brar, HC. Ravat. Textbook of Advanced Nursing Practice, edition
Punjab : Jaypee Brother Medical Publishers (P) ltd; 2015, pg 909-918.
4. Neereja K.P. Textbook of Nursing Education, Edition 2003, NewDelhi: Jaypee
Brother Medical Publishers, pg 464-486.
5. Shebeer Basheer P. Yaseen Khan S.A Concise Textbook of Advanced Nursing, Practice,
2nd edition, Banglore: 2002, Emmaes Medical Publisher, pg 156.