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TeCautral NDlous Sstem

he CNg_Cowshtues dhe ain diisio

Be
othe Nuavoug Sustem n Human
JE Comprists of man Oygaws
witCCtol Qmak Co-erdihak
Covehned

A)The Bron
(B) he Spina coYd

(AJbrain
The brain is dto ain ourdinodtik ceube

in dke uman boky. t is proteca.b

by monbaNs
CTOium.Jt is coehid

Callel eninges Ald h a ui called

Cere.o0spinal ud hhieh potecrs t h
6van oa 8hock
Tha omain has nmain pords, T
CBl ore Cnain, mid lorain ml bind

orain
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Fove ain
Cowsistaof Hha Cereorun nd
and ofactor
ofactorty
ng pat d k
eran Gnnd Controls
volwday Qchion Qction
t Condrola touch, Smdl
, Jhagoing, taste,
gigkt mevdalacchiutes k
ling
eahhingvhêmCT Emption o

Mid bYain
Cowbro s udloudaoy gckion and refle
movemente
of neck eye ete

Hind. bain
Covg'sfe of Cere bellun, po Grd mtdula
Ceyebeluna Conols body altmerds,
olaunce and. postuyg
Pons Cotrols rRpivaton

medua Codros hest lbtat, blosd pras

Svwallonkng_Cohgkina, Sheezi cke

 lasoata

ThPouipkoal Nuvous Suaben

COnsistso e Coranp neve atd4
avidio
pom ha Jopn ond spinal nee at

om d sral Cord
Refex achon
Relex o h

a Relex actin
Redlex aChion is a gudden, untoncious and

uolutu sponse o4 da efectos to

osimuwus

We Buddenly with ha ouY hond if ne

&uddendy toucha ot objet
Lh dis adim,_de new dhe skin
deuts heat ard pmes hA mekag
dvarogh d 3nsor neu t da 3piral
COYO
pak dKaough té
hoTDnetb o dh muschs of d a d
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Qnd ne
Qnd whoba oh hond Co-Ord
cS4pau
(C) Reflea 3 don
The patHusay ofarefkx acton is calA plant
Yetkex an (C
Tefle c dha plonts
yd ecepstors and it pases Throug th
Autini
Stncoryvtrvs to fhe shinas Cord

&pikoll Covd dheintomaton pa

dobuah de mosasheves do dhe Gebboi
lefectorS orespoe.
Sesor

Cyeae
teuvoy
T Spm
Lord
Aosa
musee motoYneuhon

PNS CNS
le
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Co-ordinoaon in plants
okSnpauts Conhrol Ond toorolinahiou
Sdone by heicol Sulbstauce Callel
Clles

alle plant hanmOn (O7) phyto har mOns.

()
The a i fve naka p s of
plants aMOnUs
YecEt
Awtin&hep cell dRisio0, cel. eloni,
sg th
androuoh

pases
G?beaflaathelp in gosh oStm
orancks

Cuto kinishelp n ce disun, oabion

o n i t s and seeds

euvOY

pmal

4Absas acd hAbtb g ard afecks

wTLh Aeaves

6FRylene hel in tosering aipeai o

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Movements in plants
2 adh pu
02hal
Movemevds in pos ae

ATopic Mouenents
disectiohal
cuentthds touod
a
dHs stimalws ard do
aau o
a oeHan
dn gYooh. They an

phototropism
movement
of plat in
TBpon se to LLt SLEs-toand

ialt, calkepost hve pho totrepi

6 Bending o Shoot do0 anols kkt.
Sawde
hegative plkootqjism. Eq-Bund a

Geothopisn 1S maemet pads in

dowadl
ponk

raidy -1s Couled pasi

uuoa
3+iS dooaca graih s Coulol
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naahuegeo opism
2 inala pu
GCheOtropismis mouemend ofplauk

s tood in eponse do chedco 3 Hmue.

aeousth afrellen tube towasl
the
and dnd
OVWe
Loee

f plat B Hy ooctopisns enavemet oplaus

pho tobapan
N a s e Movenens
ds akt. mownmns
s alle hay are hon divechonal

-di s a h e h a e hthos tonads 1 ) awau

tan ha &timdusaol does not
depen hoh.

plants in E louch he hot ponts

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NDOCRINE GLANDS N toM

BEINGS
Tha n docrisa glandls alsodhelp i
Conkol Omd co-ordinoto
Thendocine lands poduuce chumical
Sulestance uhih kelp to conhol a hd
Co-orobinate vasiou ac&ilies n Ki bo
K @vdocrina glands inour ledy CO

pineal, ypotkalounus, pih@kny , tiy d

panadyroid, tyms aolee nal, Rancre
testes omd 0yay ind

xAMPLe Ce o-ORTATION By Te
ENDoCRINE GLANDS De

slhen we a fnghtlnsd en) aan Ca

fh Adrnal glands prduce bare
adrehalen haoa whch is sent T
bleod heat Ylo
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usle and diapkagm.Tis vMCragi

retherg ate to Supp more Oxygen to
Re uscles to preparve ko kody to chen

anay (o7) 4L thhe enemy

Shdinc is heeded by dhe hymid gand

oproduce dhu Kamone h y n Thyroia
Conbyols ke metaLosmo Coskohydratea
N
4atamo protens onnd helps in prope

qolh do oted is deent in

ndine E case3RiD

T e pituitagland produceRO Ka bons

Deficiency o homome in chidhawd
Caused dwarlin Excex o kQ_homoe

CoLses tallena

Tho po creas proluces Kamont suli

which Conkuls dhe lowodd Bupay wel
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bncrease inood SugarLevel caRS

di aberu, A diabekic pae bas to h
ijechon to Cobol &blod Sag

TLe tetes in hmales produces e

KoYmon testo 8tevron nnieh Conholu
dke production of spehs ad
ckd Caa b duina pubeu.

TJh Ouau nftmals

oduce da
hgwlon OCshge wkich
catds thu
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Chopteh 8
Hous ORGANSMs REPRODUCE
asto taka
blood S (DReproduction
L 4 is dhe PosAs l i c hing
egansnA. pYodIeS hew aodaduals of dke
Samd 8peces

Conhtla Kepoduchion is ntca%ay fo &Tui val

amd Pncyag T

d populaton of a
u Speuits

H ovganiamddlo n a t eproouce, Huir

popuulahon odecoens no p s 1o?/

beom xtnct

COla2a_Copie3
Do Yganiemh Cate
6 theM3eues)

The DNA Deokyibo hwlic acid moleules in

LA hombsomes n dk nucleus is esporsbe

fov the transfe ocharichesfrm Hi

 Date
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do ke of spins
Dateds Teprmsucchion h epoduuchie
cellk
eDina
producesdrso copes athe

Separate inko cels.

will be sndlan Gut

DNA copits
ideuktalto loclh odker.

adeu'duals hare dlak

S0 hen

laniahfons fom thir passn.

T s 's basisr Kalhor ad

euolution of as spedes

(GTHE RoRTANCE UF VARTO

DNA Copying during reproduchon s

ionportauct or maintal nthg dta body
desfa ofdfout oYanis to
uuie

in dha exighing Enionmnt

LBt dhe enuironinet is Cakanal
Chonsingdut to Ckangsn tenpe
ate
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CLEahe, oattn keush de.

chue cellk LS oYguisscanhat adast thamzaluas to
AUA k i He Chahg e in dha environ merdt then

dhiy 8pt silL baan exinc

lan aoue Vanations fn Sone nolaiduals

out hot
8pecies ay hmay e alble to
lof
. deat Surruie.dkechaaes iHe thviyonnsn

ySo Variation fn 8pties i s necessasy

ho ad dhe Su uialof ditfenent speuiek a
fo da évoluhonohew SpeRes

ypeS OF REPRODUCTOM
RIATON

TherQ n a n y p o f reproduchon
u v q 0Yganisns

Suruiue
gure Asexual epoolucion amo
Senual eprooluehon
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Asexual Reproduckonis eprtoauchan

ion
i n o l u d u a l s

Bingle pasat

is eproducto
Sexual RepYodhichion
ndiuiduals ane involed
h i c h hoo
ancu tndiidual
pYoducCe

A)Asexual Repradecht
(4) RAGMETATION
BupDING ) SpoRE oRMANOH
(3) KEqEN ERANOKI VEGETATIVE PRoPAGHTiO

Fi3S1ON
188tON an O.8exuo epoduchon
uh ch a
wkellulo) organisuns
diuidlus Gnd fonms two y) mord
hen ndiuidunl,
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duction igsion 0s of2pe. They

o du
)1binaYy ssion
nethook Qn Yqani&my

ducston daidles and oms doo indtyfduals

nucle. and:forn
Oivid-tsand
wuolkd d sHa

dko cytoplasm diides

uclei.Then

Qnol OYmd twa daugkde cells.Eg

Hmueba arabalium e t . .

(Multiple ission
Ca organis devides
Dn nmethog
710
P

fo _manolaughte ctll..a Eg
ROPAGATON
PosmodfmLalaiod Parastte
Binary Fissjon Mullple ston

duchion

morc

Avnoeloa O) SPlasmodium)
 elassmat
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Ba dlis methoda bud ke

ke
Struchure () DYoqechon 1s
omeo a
dha ke- bools o dhe OYganisn. Te
dhen develops nto a nes

inoliuual. St an sepasatrs rom

pahen aud sonns aus jndiuidual
Hyda Jest
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3)ReeENERATION
e
Sn dkis mekod opot of de bodl
4 dto_oqanisund Cut (o) boken,
they Can dleuelop indo a mto indidhal.

EgPasaia Stan e
n
RAG MENTAT1ON
Sn de hmethod a pat of dha badu
of simple multitellulan ogaisms bvealks up
intu 8malle pie.ces On natuhakion ano

each o gnentton deuelops into he

ndäduals Spiugua
Kenevafon Havaoia YAgmentahon >Spivoayy
 Date
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SPoRE ORMATION

Sn dhis method Sractus Colles

Sporagia produceiny eells cod
Sporedhsken dk Spores CLOme
Contact hwith a moist 3uriaoit

deelops t o nen ndiidnals

qRopus, Mucov, PelCam eheC
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(6) VeGETATIVE PRo mGAGTON

The ar dupes of regekative
propagabous

) Nastunal vegetatie propagouov

t OCCLuhswken an axtllar bud

gr0wsntu Q latual shioot aod

aino

deuelops s Dntrs (alsa khown

Qs aventious 7oota). This Can be
don bq He oll ntthods-

Runn St ems
Kor 2ontully aboue 4Le grounok, hey
ave haoles h buds an fo mid
Lols On d modi ferl stan
produce ools amo sBems Jhese
bnds 9u irtoane bant.LSe
an alko knu 05 Stolou
ExStausbarvis ek
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Date
Poge

opERs ou of Swolk
gy0u
eus plants ofll
alled tbus. bud
difeud Yoots
odhastem a
o

He base
delap aatt
lselop plat. They
into nio

Kon grok
edken 3tem (o) 00ts.
developfont
gyonrom
yunnt it
ubbers
ghevn
nuients le nt
Suoellom Storing
hom 0ots a n ave
kubrs prqpagate
3fve nuhienks and qet
modit t
ne pat
large av podu.ce a

0Plontleks
Leaves o Son lands usil) g7 ito

hew plan key beCo dedach

rom dhe Ahen plat, Okun pa
gtov &mall planhs calle plantets o
o dhir leaN Gxampl

of a
plant dhat g pantiels
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d Byuo phallum daemonHonuy

dPulbs a leaf basa,Suoallen with
m
m food Om O Callls o0 d 8torag e
ghorage
Jeaves may dfe lack
s each winte, but d oulbs _will QYou
ido plas de folooi 3p
e you Ta bul, vra ake daugkkea oulbs
n ave
80 adh ue, move plants bau go

pat (A fital /eq-atatiia paop agouiou

9t is dfe def beat po duckon

of plasd's on partso old

o plats.Ks Con be dlonu loyH
e dachesl olbwingmehods
plam
ets on
Cuttivq poat o 8tem is
xampl
eut eh ros wtonus pla
antlels wnen blacel f moist suil
Exmanqo
o9uAua, utL, lemtn , Yose
 elasonate
Dote

6pofhigha stemofa plaok

anl dhen fpHed On anodhes

ahd Cue ved. wt

Shong plat

Egapgs, Dranges,Kakn mehn,

07/bnental planks

Layling The shem of plat9s a bet

auon AntiL it buekes dke Sa

The stem ig dkan Cut Onct

9deuelopsyoohs and groos

into ant plant

Eqi- lemon, 705e, jasmänt, etc

pRsuL Cultuve A Collecon o teahrd

w to maintain ) go
pant cell, issu ) organs
under 8feile condttons

ahubitnt wlkure
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is motwm af Kvown cw-pos4o

ut
odkhes
(B)SeuAL KEPRoDUCT1UNI LN
FLOWERING PLAN TE

( Repoduchive pads of alowe

Hhe Stamen a n dpisti ane he
s bert Tepro duchiue pants o Ha lowen
duckue part:
part
SAnen i tha male epro
onct SEproducts pollen qyains in h e
Onthen whieh Contains male
Yoos

qhm l l (male gamate). PistRL s the

eproduchie part SE pvoduces
Ouay wth Contai
emale 9nm cell female gamehe
. eh

orgars
(G)Poan
C O n d k t o s
Ta ransftr opolle gains trom dke
andthen do kSiama of ofAflowe
sture
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St takes plae
gCalled pollinahan e
by wind, atey 7) Ihsechs, i
pollen grain aP ansj ron
omdhun o Ho ghama of a 3ame
louonis gelpdleabion ouno 14
s transsunndftom a anteser
On flouoen to dHa shqma a OnOdhir

looes iE Czogg palliatiaa. ollraAon

Hokes place by nsecsu, atts

YO
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plaue c e Hsouhon
APto dke pollen graiin s hansfaie
Fo th Sqmo t procluces apolltn
g0me tube ohiela pases thhugh dhe style.
-hd 14 Ond entrs the OVa md Ovule..S4
wt sey o vule dhe male gm Lell ws
onOdhtr sith te emale gem cek do qorm
Leraon 24gote TLis trocels aleal
atn JeyHsaio
Ate nklsahi

ines nol donms

em bo
wkeh dun deslops
o Seed aol

OVany

deueleps nto d