Introduction to Semantics and Linguistik Semantics

Semantics is the study of meaning and linguistic semantics is the study of the meaning
expressed by phrases, sentences and words in human language. The word semantics comes
from the Greek word sema which means sign. In 1983, a French philosopher named Michel
Brael first used Semantics. In linguistics, it is more broadly to interpret this term more narrowly.
An example is in the use of the study of aspects encoded in linguistic meanings. Can be defined,
semantics being the science of meaning abstracted from the point of view of what humans say
and what context they say. Most semantic experts reveal, they tend to admit that there are only
three main viewpoints in the linguistic sense.
Semantic words are often used in everyday conversation. Because semantics relates to
various well-known to very special problems. In this case, semantics aims to make it easier to
find problems related to understanding in the selection of meanings or words that will occur.
Comprehension problems like these occur very frequently and result in long periods of time,
especially formal semantics. Based on linguistics, this is the science of interpreting signs or
symbols used in society and in certain circumstances and contexts.
The semantic analysis must also be carried out because language is unique and has a very
close relationship with cultural issues, so the analysis of a language only concerns that
language, but cannot be used to analyze other languages. For example, the word fish in the
Indonesian languagege refers to a species of animal that lives in water and is usually eaten as a
side dish; and internally English is the same as fish. However, the word iwak in Javanese does
not only mean "fish" or "fish" it also means meat as a side dish. Linguistic semantics is the
study of the meanings used to understand human expressions. Other forms of semantics include
programming language semantics, formal logic, and Semiotics. Many other fields of science
are mixed with formal semantics. These scientific fields include Lexicology, Syntax,
Pragmatics, Etymology, and others. Semantics is synthetic because it is a distinct and separate
field. Semantics and reference are closely related according to the philosophy of language.
These related fields have various fields, including philosophy and semiotic communication.
In semantic theory, linguists agree to define four main components that must exist in a
semantic theory that works within the framework of a formal language. The first component,
namely in semantic theory, must be able to project the meaning of each sentence and based on
the lexical meaning of the sentence. In this component, it is also explained, if a sentence has
more than one interpretation, the correct number of interpretations must be estimated. The
second component describing semantic types must include a finite set of predictive rules,
because the set of sentences for any language is an infinite set. Like a semantic type that cannot
only examine a limited selected component. The third component is to separate the semantics
that do not deviate from the sentence which is unlimited. This sentence consists of contradictory
or odd sentences. The fourth component is that between sentences must be predicted. Of these
four main components must be met and agreed upon by experts.
There are two ways that can be used to answer the old problem of knowing what sentences
mean. The alternative is to define one of the meanings related to the truth of the sentence. In
relation to defining the relationship between sentences and the conditions they describe. Speech
acts, speakers, sentences related to sentence relationships can be defined. According to Leech
(1969), if presuppositions are included in linguistics, there will be difficulties. However, if the
interpretation of a sentence becomes part of the presupposition of a sentence then it is part of
its meaning.