 The Distance Formula is derived from the Pythagorean Theorem.

 The x- and y-axes divide the coordinate plane into four quadrants.
 Finding the average values of the respective coordinates of the two endpoints of a line segment
in a coordinate plane is also known as using the Midpoint Formula.
 An ordered pair (a, b) is a solution of an equation in x and y when the substitutions x = a and y =
b result in a true statement.
 The set of all solution points of an equation is the graph of the equation.
 The points at which a graph intersects or touches an axis are called the intercepts of the graph.
 The equation (x − h)2 + (y − k)2 = r2 is the standard form of the equation of a circle with center (h,
k) and radius r
 For a line, the ratio of the change in y to the change in x is called the slope of the line.
 The point slope form of the equation of a line with slope m passing through (x 1, y1) is y – y1 = m(x
– x1).
 Two lines are parallel if and only if their slopes are equal.
 Two lines are perpendicular if and only if their slopes are negative reciprocals of each other.
 Every line has an equation that can be written in general form.
 A relation that assigns to each element x from a set of inputs, or domain, exactly one element y
in a set of outputs, or range, is a function.
 For an equation that represents y as a function of x, the set of all values taken on by the
independent variable x is the domain, and the set of all values taken on by the dependent
variable y is the range. f(x + h) − f(x)
 One of the basic definitions in calculus uses h the ratio
is a Difference quotient.
 The vertical line test is used to determine whether the graph represents y as a function of x.
 The zeros of a function y = f(x) are the values of x for which f(x) = 0.
 A function f is decreasing on an interval when, for any x1 and x2 in the interval, x1 < x2 implies f(x1)
> f(x2).
 A function f is odd when, for each x in the domain of f, f(−x) = −f(x).
 A reflection in the x-axis of the graph of y = f(x) is represented by h(x) -f(x), while a reflection in
the y-axis of the graph of y = f(x) is represented by h(x) = f(-x)
 A nonrigid transformation of the graph of y = f(x) represented by g(x) = cf(x) is a vertical stretch
when c > 1 and a vertical shrink when 0 < c < 1.
 The composition of the function f with the function g is (f ∘ g)(x) = f(g(x)).
 If f(g(x)) and g(f(x)) both equal x, then the function g is the inverse function of the function f.
 The domain f is the range of f-1, and the domain of f-1is the range of f.
 The graphs of f and f-1 are reflections of each other in the line y = x.
 A function f is one to one when each value of the dependent variable corresponds to exactly
one value of the independent variable.
 A graphical test for the existence of an inverse function of f is called the Horizontal line test.
 Linear, constant, and squaring functions are examples of polynomial functions.
 A quadratic function is a second-degree polynomial function, and its graph is called a parabola.
 When the graph of a quadratic function opens downward, its leading coefficient is negative, and
the vertex of the graph is a maximum.