Pakistan Studies

Assignment
Q1: Differentiate between weather and climate. (2)
Ans: The difference between weather and climate is a measure of time. Weather is what
conditions of the atmosphere are over a short period of time, and climate is how the
atmosphere "behaves" over relatively long periods of time.

Q2: Explain why the monsoon winds develop? (4)

Ans: During summer low air pressure is developed over Pakistan. While high air pressure
prevails over sea (Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea) so moist (humid/wet)
wind from Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea blows towards land to fulfill the low air
pressure. Wind from the Indian Ocean reaches Pakistan after crossing India called
primary monsoon. Monsoon winds from Arabian Sea are called secondary Monsoon
which cause less rain. These winds cause rain from July to September. The amount of
rain decreases from northern areas to Southern areas.

Q3: Explain the importance of the arrival of the monsoon to people who live and
work in urban areas. (4)
Ans: Benefits: Climate became pleasant and provided better living and working conditions.
Reduce air pollution and dust from the atmosphere. Provide water for drinking, gardens and
livestock.
Problems: May cause flooding, harms property. People cannot reach work due to heavy rain,
which decreases the production of the country.

Q4: What are advantages and disadvantages of winter rainfall in northern areas?
(6)
Ans: Advantages: Winter rainfall provides water in rivers and fills reservoirs. Provide water
for irrigation and hydro-electricity production. Water became available for Rabi crops.
Winter rain is in light showers so absorbed in soil. Snowfall increases tourism. Later melting
of this snow provides water in rivers on melting.
Problems: Mostly snow falls in winter, rivers and lakes are frozen, temperature is too cold for
growth of crops and plants may cause floods, landslides, roads are closed or become
slippery. Farmers are forced to adopt a transhumance way of livestock.

Q5: In what ways does the winter climate make life difficult for people who live in
mountain areas? (6)
Ans: snow covers ground so farming cannot be done, nothing grows so shortage of food
and fodder is created. Water freezes so fishing is difficult, and a shortage of drinking
water is created. Roads are blocked; power and telephone lines may be cut off. No
tourism is practiced because of less income, air service is restricted due to fog. Damage
to buildings may be caused due to landslides and avalanches. Pipes are damaged due to
frozen water. Indoor activities are done so heating of houses is needed.