Subject: Pakistan Studies Class: IX

Chapter:3 Land And Environment

SLO Based Questions/Answers.

Q.1 Write the exact location of Pakistan according to longitude and latitude.

Ans: Location Of Pakistan:

Pakistan is one of the largest countries of South Asian region. It lies between the
latitudes of 23.45° N to 37.05° N and between the longitudes of 60.50° E to
77.50° E.

Q.2 Describe the division of physical features of Pakistan.

Ans: Division of Physical Features of Pakistan

On the basis of physical features the land of Pakistan is divided into five different
regions i.e.

1. Mountains
2. Plateaus
3. Plains
4. Deserts
5. Coastal regions

Q.3 Into how many climatic regions Pakistan is divided? Write their names.

Ans: Climatic Regions of Pakistan:

Pakistan is divided into four climatic regions. Such as,

1. Sub-tropical Continental highlands

2. Sub-tropical Continental Plateaus.
3. Sub-tropical Continental Lowlands
4. Sub-tropical coastal Areas
Q.4 Write names of the western mountain ranges and hills.
Ans: Western Mountain Ranges/Hills:
 Hindu Kush
 Safed Koh
 Waziristan hills
 Koh-e-Kirthar
 Sulaiman Ranges
 Ras Koh
 Chagi Hills
 Makran coast and Hills

Q.5 how many temperature zones are in Pakistan? Write their names.
Ans: Temperature Zones/Regions:
There are four temperature zones of Pakistan. Such as;
1. Highlands (North and North western mountainous regions)
2. Plains (Upper and Lower Indus Plains)
3. Balochistan Plateau
4. Coastal Areas

Q.6 Identify the location of at least three glaciers of Pakistan with reference to
their sources.

Ans: Glaciers of Pakistan: Siachen, Biafo and Baltoro are among the huge
glaciers of Pakistan.

Location: They are located in northern mountains.

Sources: All these glaciers are in Karakoram mountain range.

Q.7 Which area of Pakistan has a maritime climate? Write at least two
characteristics as well.

Ans: Maritime Climatic Regions:

Coastal areas of Sindh and Balochistan have a maritime climate.

Characteristics: Maritime climate is always marked with moderate level of

temperature. Humidity level always remains high here. Cool breeze blows from the
sea towards the land that makes climate moderate. Average temperature in May is
32C*.

Q.8 Climate of plain areas of Pakistan is intense. How this intensity is

beneficial? State three points only.

Ans: Plain Areas Climate Benefits:

There is intensity in climate of the plain areas of Pakistan. It is beneficial in many

ways:

1. Different kinds of crops, vegetables and fruits can grow in this type of climate.

2. Rivers bring silt soil along with them so these areas are very fertile.

3. As the income of the people living in this area depends on agriculture so the
economic condition of the inhabitants is comparatively better and they enjoy better
economic circumstances.

Q. 9 Write the names of big glaciers of Pakistan.

Ans: Glaciers of Pakistan:

 Siachen
 Biafo
 Baltoro
 Hisper
 Rimo
 Batura

Q.10 Which factors are responsible for changing climate of any area?

Ans: Climate Changing Factors:

Following factors are responsible for changing climate of an area.

 Location: Distance from the equator, poles and sea etc

 Altitude: Height above from sea
 Air: General behavior of the air e.g cyclone, dust storm and thunderstorm
etc
  Precipitation: Rain, snow, hail etc
 Other factors: water courses like rivers and streams, density of
population, town planning and energy consumption etc

Q.11 Define & mention any three characteristics of Inland Drainage System of
Pakistan.

Ans: Inland Drainage System:

The drainage system covering the northern parts of the south-western

Balochistan, including Chaghi and Ras Koh mountains in the north and
Siahan mountains in the south is called the Inland Drainage System.

Characteristics:

 This area is dry and arid; rivers here are not big in size.
 Some rivers remain dry throughout the year, except for the small period of
rainy season.
 Salt water lakes, locally called Hamuns, are shallow and marshy.

Q.12 Write the names of sub-ranges of Himalaya Mountains.

Ans: Sub-Ranges of Himalaya Mountains:

The Himalaya Mountains is further divided into three sub ranges. Such as,

 The Shiwalik Range

 The Pir Panjal Range
 The Central Himalaya

Q.13 Write a short note on wildlife found in Pakistan.

Ans: Wildlife in Pakistan:

There is a large variety of birds and animals found in the different areas of
Pakistan. The Markhor is the national animal of Pakistan and Chakor is the
national bird of Pakistan. Ice leopard, Marco Polo sheep and stag are among the
most endangered species. Other important and well known animals of Pakistan are
deer, wild boar, leopard, lion, wolf, fox, jackal and monkey etc. These common
birds are also found in Pakistan like pigeon, dove, parrot, mena, quail, patridge,
peacock and domestic sparrow etc.

Q.14 What are air pollutants? Write four examples as well.

Ans: Air Pollutant:

Gases and those suspended particles in the air which adversely affect human
beings and animals are known as air pollutants.

Examples of Air Polutant:

 Oil and fuel combustion in motor vehicles and factories, furnaces, homes
etc.
 Brick Kilns
 Radiations emitted from high tension electric wires.
 Pollen grains.
 Dust particles blown into the air.
 Fire work

Q.15 Suggest measures to prevent environmental pollution.

Ans: Measures to Prevent Environmental Pollution:

 Reduce emission of smoke, gases and fuel from industries.

 Use of less number of vehicles on the road
 More Use of paper bags instead of plastic bags
 Reduction of forest fires and smoking
 Use filters for chimneys
 Plant and grow as many trees as possible
 Apply reduce, reuse & recycle policy
 Creation of general awareness
 Population planning
 Prevention of urbanization
Q.16 What are the causes of deforestation in Pakistan?

Ans: Causes of Deforestation:

 Excessive cutting of trees

 Diseases of trees
 Breaking out of fires in forests
 Environmental pollution
 Increase in wood timber needs
 Increase in salinity and water logging
 Shortage in river water

Q.17 Define following terms;

Global Warming: Global warming is the phenomenon of gradual increase in the

average earth’s temperature. It is caused by the release of greenhouse gases like
carbon dioxide, methane, CFCs and other pollutants into the atmosphere.

Green House Effects: The greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when gases
in Earth's atmosphere trap the Sun's heat. This process makes Earth much warmer
than it would be without an atmosphere. The greenhouse effect is one of the things
that make Earth a comfortable place to live.

OR

The heated earth surface gives out infra-red light which is absorbed by the
greenhouse gases. The heat absorbed through this process maintains a level of
temperature which is essential for the existence of life on the globe. All this
process is called greenhouse effect.

Desertification: Desertification is the degradation process by which a fertile land

changes itself into a desert by losing its flora and fauna; this can be caused by
drought, deforestation, climate change, and human activities or improper

Q.18 What is Waterlogging and Salinity?

Ans: Waterlogging:
When the sub- soil water table rises so high that it comes very close to the surface
level, the condition is called water-logging, this is a very dangerous disease of the
soil as it makes agriculture impossible.

Salinity: The salts present in the lower layers of the earth get dissolved in the
water and water brings these salts to the surface of the earth, the water evaporates
due to sun, leaving behind the salt deposits on the surface of the soil. The salt layer
keeps thickening and takes away all the fertility of the land and this makes the land
infertile. This process is called Soil Salinity.

At present about 20 million acres of land in Pakistan is suffering from salinity and
water logging.

Q.19 What are the basic reasons of waterlogging and salinity?

Ans. Reasons of Water Logging and Salinity:

Following are the reasons of water logging and salinity. Such as,

 Poor drainage system

 Non cemented canals
 Excessive use of water for crops
 Uneven fields
 Repetition of same crops

Q.20 What steps is government taking to remove of water logging and

salinity?

Ans: Governmental Measures:

The government of Pakistan has taken following measures to control the problems
of salinity and waterlogging.

 By installation of tube well, the water level goes down. The water obtained
by tube wells decrease water logging.
 The banks of canals and water channels are strengthened so that water may
not seep into the ground.
 Introducing proper system of irrigation fields.
 Establishment of laboratories for water and soil testing.
  Training and counseling of farmers

Q.21 Give any six suggestions to reduce air, water and land pollution.

Ans: Air Pollution Measures:

 Don't burn garbage

 Plant and care for trees
 Use filters for chimneys.
 Reduction of forest fires and smoking.
 Turn off the lights when not in use
 Using public transports
Water Pollution Measures:

 Say no to plastic bags

 Pick up litter and throw it away in a garbage bin
 Minimize the use of pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers
 Handle Toxic Chemicals Properly
 Do Not Dispose of Oils in the Sink.
 Use Environmentally Friendly Detergents

Land Pollution Measures:

 Reduce use of toxic materials

 Recycle waste materials
 Buy organics products, especially organic cleaners, pesticides, insecticides
and fertilizers
 Avoid throwing littering and dumping in the soil
 Take initiative to inform others about the harmful effects of littering
 Improve fertility of the land by reforesting.
Q.22 Write any three differences b/w Weather and Climate.
Ans: Differences B/W Climate And Weather:

Weather Climate
 Daily change in the atmospheric  Average change in the
conditions in a particular area atmosphere/weather conditions in
a particular area
 Short term/period  Long term/period
 Recorded on regular/daily basis  Recorded on over 30 years.
 Changes very frequently  It remains the same
 Measured by collecting  Measured by already calculated
metrological data. average weather conditions.
 sunny day, rainy day, cloudy day  monsoon climate, hot & warm
climate in summer
Cool & dry climate in winter