PLANT SAFETY ANDENVIRONMENTALIMPACT OF POWERPLANT

1. List and explain the methods to control Global warming by power plant.

Ans: The following preventive measures should be taken to control the global
warming:

1. Dilution through the use of tall stacks or chimneys helps in the dispersion of the
pollutants over a wider atmospheric area.

2. By introducing air zoning to locate industry, power plants etc away from -
residential areas.

3. Using effective methods, processes, operations and maintenance procedures in

power plants.

4. Use of recovery systems like, SO2 and oxides of nitrogen can be recovered from
their exhausts.

5. Use of propane as a fuel which is more cleaner and efficient fuel.

6. Preventing deforestation.

7. Implementing strict rules on power plants.

8. Using smoke control equipments and proper methods of combustion in power

plants.

9. Removing the old equipments and introducing the new one.

10. Using dust arresters in the power plants.

11. Using cyclone dust separator.

12. Maintaining the cleanliness in the city.

2. List the social and economical issues with respect to power plant.

Ans: Social Issues:

1. Rehabilitation of affected people to the safe zone with their willingness.

2. Proper and satisfied compensation to the rehabilitating people by the

government.

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3. Value of environment around the proposed location going to be affected should

be estimated and its value should be less than the future earnings and in terms of
social justice it should be high.

4. Degradation of sustainable growth.

5. Migration of people due to water pollution, air pollution and noise pollution.

6. Cultural changes in the people due to migration.

7. Shortage of basic immunities due to migration of people.

8. Reduction in agricultural land and social culture of villages.

9. Education, employment generation and developing the quality in living

standards.

10. Additional requirements of waste water treatment capacity.

11. Treatment of municipal water.

12. Establishment of solid waste management systems.

Economical Issues:

1. Technological development for environment protection and development of

local people.

2. Increased national economy due to technological development and revenue

income.

3. Technological transfer for development of agricultural production, and for other

developmental activities.

4. Increased living standards of the people with social welfare.

5. Increased national security due to technological development.

6. Advancement in research works.

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7. Opportunity for equal development of all cities and villages to have the
economical balance.

8. Development in employment generation.

9. Increased GDP

10. Positive developments in social and cultural activities

11. Industrial development with proper environmental protection

12. Development of local cultures.

3. List the control and remedial measures for global warming.

Ans: The following control and remedial measures should be taken to control the
global warming:

1. Dilution through the use of tall stacks or chimneys helps in the dispersion of the
pollutants over a wider atmospheric area.

2. By introducing air zoning to locate industry, power plants etc away from -
residential areas.

3. Using effective methods, processes, operations and maintenance procedures in

power plants.

4. Use of recovery systems like, SO2 and oxides of nitrogen can be recovered from
their exhausts.

5. Use of propane as a fuel which is more cleaner and efficient fuel.

6. Preventing deforestation.

7. Implementing strict rules on power plants.

8. Using smoke control equipments and proper methods of combustion in power

plants.

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PLANT SAFETY ANDENVIRONMENTALIMPACT OF POWERPLANT

9. Removing the old equipments and introducing the new one.

10. Using dust arresters in the power plants.

11. Using cyclone dust separator.

12. Maintaining the cleanliness in the city.

4. Mention the effects of global warming

Ans: The global warming has the following effects:

1) Increase in the earth’s temperature by 4° to 6°

2) If earth continues to warm up all the glaciers will recedes and the ice caps
in Antarctic and the Arctic will begin to melt. Consequently the sea level
increases and most of the cities on the sea shore will be submerged.

3) The global warning reduces the natural phenomenon of the nature.

4) The global warming disturbs the normal life on the earth.

5) Abrupt change in climate.

5. Explain:

i) Acid precipitation

ii) Acid rain

iii) Acid snow

Ans: i) Acid precipitation: Any form of precipitation, including rain, snow, hail,
fog, or dew, that is high in acid pollutants, especially sulfuric and nitric acid. Acid
precipitation has a pH of less than 5.6 (the normal acidity of unpolluted
atmospheric water) and is often less than pH 5.

ii) Acid rain: The combustion of fossil fuels like coal, firewood etc.,
produces air pollutants like sulphur and nitrogen. When gaseous emissions of
sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides interact with water vapour and sunlight, they
are chemically converted into strong acidic compounds such as sulphuric acid and

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nitric acid. When these compounds along with the other organic or inorganic
chemicals are carried to the earth by rain called as acid rain.
The acid rain means the presence of excessive acids in the rain water. Acid rain has
an average pH level of 5.6.
iii) Acid snow: Acid snow is a precipitation of mixture of atmospheric water
vapours and acidic particle into ice crystals and falling in light white flakes or
laying on the ground as a white layer. It is caused by H2S, SO2 and other oxides of
NOx in the atmosphere dissolved in water molecules in the water vapour to form
tiny drops of nitric acid and sulphuric acid. When they fall as a snow from the
clouds, they absorb other acidic particles and gases and becomes more acidic on
the earth surface.

6. Explain green house effect

Ans: The green house effect on the earth means progressive warming up of the
earth's surface due to blanketing effect of manmade carbon dioxide, CFC, methane
and water vapours in the atmosphere. The CO2 is a natural constituent of
atmosphere but its concentration is increasing in the air at an alarming rate. It is
released by combustion of fossil fuels, oxidation of carbon compounds in marshes
and forests and CO2 released by oceans and the plant. The layer of CO2 acts like
grass in a green house because, it allows the sun rays to pass through it and heats
up the earth, but it does not allow to pass the heat radiations being re-emitted by an
earth i.e., CO2 layer is transparent to short wave radiations from the sun but it
absorbs the longer wave radiations from the earth. Therefore the gradual increase
in CO2 level at atmosphere may cause green house effect. The net result of all these
is to gradual increase in temperature of the earth. The gases responsible for causing
green house effect are called green house gases like CO2, water vapour,
chlorofluoro carbons and methane.

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7. Explain measures taken by power plants to avoid air pollution.

Ans: Generally to control SO2 wet scrubbing, solid absorbent and catalytic
oxidation processes may be used. To prevent particulates wet scrubbers, fabric
filters. Electro precipitators are used. To control NOx emission from thermal plant,
reducing the temperature in combustion zone time in combustion zone, and using
NH3 injection in furnace.

8. Explain the purpose of standardization of Environmental pollution.

Ans: Following are the main purposes of standardization of environmental

pollution:

1. Reduce the air pollution.

2. Improve access to clean and safe water.

3. Promote material management, waste management and clean sites.

4. Enhance joint preparedness for environmental response.

5. Enhance compliance assurance and environmental stewardship.

6. To guideline to regulate the effect of human activity upon the environment.

9. Explain measures to be taken by power plants to avoid noise pollution

Ans: The simple sound proofing system consists of adequate insulation of the
turbine body and piping with a dish pot on the air-inlet to the fans. A moderate
treatment includes a complete casing for turbo-alternator and complete sound
proofing of the transformers and switch gears. Reducing the working hours of the
worker in highly noised area.

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