Contents

READING 2

UNIT 1. ENVIRONMENT 3

UNIT 2. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 6

UNIT 3. CULTURE & FESTIVALS 9

UNIT 4. THE NATURAL WORLD 12

UNIT 5. RESEARCH & EXPLORATION 15

UNIT 6. ANIMALS 18

WRITING 23

UNIT 1. TASK 1 – LINE GRAPH 24

UNIT 2. TASK 1 – BAR CHART 27

UNIT 3. TASK 1 – TABLE 31

UNIT 4. TASK 2 – INTRODUCTION & CONCLUSION 37

UNIT 5. TASK 2 - TOPIC SENTENCES & REASONS (1) 42

UNIT 6. TASK 2 - TOPIC SENTENCES & REASONS (2) 46

UNIT 7. TASK 2 – EXAMPLES/ CONSEQUENCES/ ALTERNATIVES 51

READING
 UNIT 1. ENVIRONMENT
Lesson Preparation
Vocabulary. Exercise 1

1 c 5 d

2 e 6 b

3 a 7 h

4 f 8 g

Vocabulary. Exercise 2

1 B

2 A

3 B

4 A

5 C

Grammar. Exercise 1

Verb Deforest, sustain, subsidize, affect, contaminate

Noun Effect, nature, contamination, sustainability, deforestation

Adjective Sustainable, effective, natural

Adverb Naturally, effectively

Grammar. Exercise 2

1 Affect, effect

2 Sustainable, sustainability
 3 Nature, natural

4 Subsidy, subsidize

5 Urbanize, urbanization

Exam Focus
Example 1

1 fossil and phylogenetic

2 evolving

3 DNA

Exercise 1

1 Genetic

2 all of siblings

3 10%/10 percent

4 Non-shared environment

Practice

Exercise 1

1 maladaptation

2 environment and health/health

and environment

3 expand their range

4 domesticated animals

5 outbreaks
 6 climate change

7 (government) funds

Exercise 2

1 sea cucumbers

2 agricultural

3 scuba diving

4 communications

5 sustainability

6 conflict

Exercise 3

1 G

2 C

3 F

4 B

Homework

Exercise 1

1 sunshade

2 iron

3 algae

4 clouds

5 cables

6 snow
 7 rivers

Exercise 2

1 deter crime

2 (air) pollution

3 block light

4 education

Glossary

Exercise 1

1 pollutants 5 renewable

2 acid rain 6 poisonous

3 global warming 7 greenhouse effect

4 energy-efficient 8 release

Exercise 2

1 alternative

2 sewage

3 poisonous

4 pollutant

5 renewable
 UNIT 2. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Lesson Preparation
Vocabulary. Exercise 1

1 Condense

2 Mould

3 Pigment

4 Reproduction

5 Cell

Vocabulary. Exercise 2

1 Stainless 5 Vapour

2 Hypothesis 6 Combine

3 Anti-aging 7 Reproduction

4 Techno-savvy 8 Interrupt

Grammar. Exercise 1

Un- Ir- Im- In- Il- Dis-

Unfriendly Irregular Impatient Insincere Illegal Dishonest

Unhappy Irresponsible Impolite Incapable Illogical Disloyal

uncomfortable Impractical Inexpensive Disobedient

impossible Incorrect

Insensitive

informal
Grammar. Exercise 2

1 Disagree 6 Undeniable

2 Illiteracy 7 Misunderstanding

3 Impossible 8 Skillful

4 Arrangements 9 Infamous

5 Homeless 10 Prehistoric

Exam Focus
Example 1

6 Compressed

7 Tiny droplets

8 Ice crystals

Exercise 1

1 Glucose

2 Free radicals

3 Preservation

Practice

Exercise 1

1 morning coffee 5 safe haven

2 Bar codes 6 Monitor

3 Channels 7 Activate
 4 save 8 Escape route/an exit

9 Power cut

Exercise 2

1 Powder

2 Heated

3 Liquid/water

4 Shells

5 Decoration

6 Sunscreen

Exercise 3

1 Novalak

2 Fillers

3 Hexa

4 Raw

5 Pressure

Homework

Exercise 1

7 Wirelessly

8 Paired spectrum

9 Uplink

10 Downlink
Exercise 2

12 Melting point

13 Furnace

14 Tiny beads

Glossary

Exercise 1

1 innovation 5 Analyze

2 Experiment 6 Breakthrough

3 Advance 7 Component

4 transform 8 Monitor

Exercise 2

1 Efficiency 🡪 efficient

2 Wireless 🡪 wirelessly

3 Transform 🡪 transformed

4 Innovate 🡪 innovation

5 Monitor 🡪 monitors
 UNIT 3. CULTURE & FESTIVALS
Lesson Preparation
Vocabulary. Exercise 1

1 C 5 H

2 G 6 B

3 A 7 F

4 E 8 D

Vocabulary. Exercise 2

1 Linguistic 5 Adjustment

2 Indigenous 6 Parade

3 Carnival 7 Celebration

4 Craftwork 8 Reorientation

Grammar. Exercise 1

Text a Text b

Sentence 1 S Sentence 1 C

Sentence 2 C Sentence 2 C

Sentence 3 S Sentence 3 S

Sentence 4 S

Exam Focus
Example 1

1 FALSE
 2 TRUE

3 NOT GIVEN

Exercise 1

1 FALSE

2 NOT GIVEN

3 FALSE

4 FALSE

5 FALSE

Practice

Exercise 1

1 TRUE

2 TRUE

3 FALSE

4 FALSE

5 NOT GIVEN

Exercise 2

1 TRUE 4 FALSE

2 NOT GIVEN 5 FALSE

3 TRUE 6 TRUE

Exercise 3

1 TRUE

2 NOT GIVEN
 3 TRUE

4 FALSE

5 FALSE

6 NOT GIVEN

Homework

Exercise 1

1 FALSE

2 FALSE

3 TRUE

4 TRUE

5 NOT GIVEN

Exercise 2

1 NOT GIVEN 5 TRUE

2 TRUE 6 NOT GIVEN

3 FALSE 7 TRUE

4 FALSE 8 NOT GIVEN

Glossary

Exercise 1

1 Heritage 4 Custom

2 Ethical 5 Identity
 3 Belief 6 Integrate

Exercise 2

1 A. cultural exchange

2 B. heritage

3 A. identity

4 C. integrate

5 C. customs
 UNIT 4. THE NATURAL WORLD
Lesson Preparation
Vocabulary. Exercise 1

1 Glacier

2 Magnetic

3 Presence

4 Imitate

5 Giant

Vocabulary. Exercise 2

1 C. evaporation

2 A. temperatures

3 B. existence

4 A. stranding

5 B. myth

Grammar. Exercise 1

1 Complex sentence

Main clause: The availability of funds can relieve the pressure when faced with a large
bill.

2 Complex sentence

Main clause: We must be careful about extrapolating from animal studies to human
behavior.

3 Complex sentence
 Main clause: The problem of pollution will get worse

4 Compound-complex sentence

Main clause: The village economy relies on men and women working as day-labourers
in nearby sugar-cane plantations; the productivity cannot meet the demands.

5 Complex sentence

Main clause: Snow changes to the compacted form and then crystallized ice

Exam Focus
Exercise 1

1 FALSE

2 TRUE

3 TRUE

4 FALSE

5 NOT GIVEN

Practice

Exercise 1

1 FALSE 4 TRUE

2 TRUE 5 NOT GIVEN

3 NOT GIVEN

Exercise 2

1 FALSE 4 TRUE

2 TRUE 5 FALSE

3 NOT GIVEN 6 NOT GIVEN

Exercise 3

1 NOT GIVEN

2 TRUE

3 NOT GIVEN

4 TRUE

5 FALSE

Homework

Exercise 1

1 NOT GIVEN 4 TRUE

2 NOT GIVEN 5 TRUE

3 FALSE 6 FALSE

Exercise 2

1 FALSE 5 NOT GIVEN

2 FALSE 6 TRUE

3 TRUE 7 NOT GIVEN

4 FALSE

Glossary

Exercise 1

1 C. fascinating
 2 B. observer

3 C. migratory

4 B. evolved

5 B. navigate

Exercise 2

1 C

2 E

3 A

4 B

5 D
 UNIT 5. RESEARCH & EXPLORATION
Lesson Preparation
Vocabulary. Exercise 1

1 Indifferent 5 Endeavour

2 Geneticists 6 Intensify

3 Domesticated 7 Cutting-edge

4 Findings 8 Adaptive

Vocabulary. Exercise 2

1 d

2 f

3 b

4 c

5 a

6 e

Grammar. Exercise 1

1 Governments could introduce laws to limit the carbon dioxide emissions leading to
global warming.

2 Inside the shell are the nutrients (endosperm) needed by the developing seed.

3 Most babies start developing their hearing while still in the womb prompting some
hopeful parents to play classical music to their pregnant bellies.

4 Hamlet, written by Shakespeare in the early 1600s, is among the classics.

5 Community contributions, the second largest revenue source, brought in 10.4% of

 overall income.

Exam Focus
Example 1

1 C

2 A

3 B

Exercise 1

1 E

2 B

3 D

4 A

Practice

Exercise 1

1 C

2 B

3 A

4 C

5 A

Exercise 2

1 C

2 A
 3 B

4 D

5 A

Exercise 3

1 B

2 C

3 A

4 D

Homework
Exercise 1

1 B

2 C

3 A

4 B

Exercise 2

1 C

2 A

3 B

4 D

Glossary
Exercise 1

1 B. reactions 5 A. Researchers

2 C. coordination 6 B. study

3 D. boosts 7 C. investigations

4 A. Experiments 8 B. notion

Exercise 2

1 d

2 c

3 a

4 e

5 b
WRITING
 UNIT 1. TASK 1 – LINE GRAPH
Lesson Preparation
Vocabulary. Exercise 1

1 Proportion 6 Stable

2 Majority 7 Peaking

3 Most 8 Considerable

4 More 9 Rose dramatically

5 Regarding 10 Peak

11 Fluctuated

Grammar. Exercise 1

1 from 8 to

2 between 9 of

3 during 10 at

4 at 11 at

5 in 12 at

6 to 13 in

7 of 14 from

15 by

Exam Focus
Activity 1

Your answer should include the following: 1, 3, 4, 6, 8

Activity 2

2a. Introduction

C. The line graph compares the percentage of people in three countries who used the
Internet between 1999 and 2009.

Check-up (suggested answer)

a. The line graph expresses the number of cars per household in Great Britain from 1971 to
2007.

b. The line graph compares four sectors in terms of the amount of acid rain emissions (that)
they produced in the UK from 1990 to 2007.

2b. Overview

a. increased/rose

b. Canada

Check-up (suggested answer)

It is clear that the proportion of the population who used the Internet increased in each
country over the period shown. Overall, Canada experienced the fastest growth
in Internet usage.

2c. Body paragraphs

Check-up

Sentence 1. In 1999, the proportion of people using the Internet in the USA was about 20%
while the figures for Canada and Mexico were 10% and 5% respectively.

Sentence 2. There were sharp increases in terms of the percentages of Internet users in all
countries between 1999 and 2005.

Sentence 3. A similar pattern was witnessed in the USA and Canada as both countries
increased to 70%.

Practice
Exercise 1 (suggested answer)
Introduction
The line graph expresses how many people visited three restaurants in the first 5 days of the
year 2010.
Overview
Overall, it is clear that Good Eats and Mama’s Café were much more popular than Tom’s
Diner. While Mama’s Café and Tom’s Diner witnessed a fluctuation, the number of
customers coming to Good Eats increased over the period.
Body paragraph 1
On day 1, the number of guests in Good Eats was 150 which was three times as high as that
in Tom’s Diner. A striking feature was that Mama’s Café had the most diners with
approximately 200. However, this figure fell dramatically to 100 in the next 2 days.
Body paragraph 2
The number of customers eating in Tom's Diner hit the bottom at 10 people on day 4, before
increasing slightly to 30 people on the last day. From day 3 to day 5, there was a gradual rise
in the figure for Good Eats while Mama Café witnessed a fluctuation. It is noticeable that
both Mama’s Café and Good Eats had the same number of diners at 210 people on day 5.

Homework
Sample
The line chart illustrates how much oil was produced and consumed in China from 1982 to
2006.
Overall, it can be seen that there was an upward trend in both the production and
consumption of oil during the given period. In addition, oil consumption climbed significantly
faster compared to its production over 24 years.
At the beginning of the period, the figures for both oil production and consumption were
nearly equal, at around 2 million barrels per day. After 8 years, the amount of oil produced
rose significantly by 1 million and remained unchanged until 1994. Meanwhile, that of oil
consumed witnessed stability until 1990, after which it climbed remarkably to 3 million in
1994.
In the second half of the period, the figure for oil production increased slightly to 3.5 million
barrels per day. By contrast, the amount of oil consumed grew steadily by 1 million every 4
years, and finally reached a peak of 6 million at the end of the period.
Glossary
Exercise 1

1 Worldwide 7 2.5 billion

2 rose 8 Stood at

3 Extremely rapidly 9 Inhabitants

4 Slightly 10 Approximately

5 Most noticeable 11 Regions

6 Slightly in excess of 12 Marginal

 UNIT 2. TASK 1 – BAR CHART
Lesson Preparation
Vocabulary. Exercise 1

1a. Look at the chart and decide whether each sentence is true or false

1 True

2 False

3 True

4 True

5 False

1b. Find suitable words to rewrite the given words/phrases (suggested answers)
● 1992-1994: three consecutive years, from 1992 to 1994, between 1992 and 1994, the
3-year period
● Stay the same: stay unchanged, stabilize, remain the same
● 1993-1994: the next two years, the last two years
● 1992: the first year, the starting year
● Go up constantly: rise steadily

Grammar. Exercise 1

1a. Use the suitable determiners to complete sentences a-j

a More f The most

b More g Fewer

c Less h Less

d The least i More

e More j Less
1b. Rewrite the sentences in exercise 1a using the given words (suggested answers)
a. Fewer males chose the bicycle than females.

b. The bicycle was the most popular invention.

c. The car was more popular among males than females.

d. TV was less popular between men and women.

e. Fewer men voted for the mobile phone than women.

f. More people picked the bicycle than the other inventions.

g. More females picked the radio than males.

h. The tablet was more important for men than women.

i. The most popular invention was the bicycle.

j. The TV was the least popular invention.

Exam focus
Activity 1

1a. Introduction

The bar chart compares the amount of free time that males and females of five categories
of employment status had between 1998 and 1999.

Check-up
a. (suggested answer) The bar chart provides information about the percentages of divorces
in two European countries from 2011 to 2015.
b. (suggested answer) The bar chart gives information about the number of people visiting a
park in the UK during a four-month period in 2015.

1b. Overview

(suggested answer) Overall, men enjoyed free time per week more than women in three out
of five categories. It is noticeable that the unemployed had the most hours of leisure time
over the period.

1c. Body paragraphs

(suggested answer)

Regarding the full-time employed, men had slightly more leisure time than women, with
approximately 45 hours of free time per week, compared to around 38 hours for women.
Obviously, unemployed and retired people of both genders enjoyed the most hours of leisure
time. Moreover, the figures for retired males and females were nearly the same as those for
the unemployed, at around 85 and 78 hours of free time per week, respectively.

Housewives enjoyed 50 hours of spare time, a little more than part-time working women who
had just 40 leisure hours each week. No data is given for men in either of these categories.

Practice
Exercise 1.
Introduction. The bar chart illustrates the proportion of women, men and children consuming
five servings of fruit and vegetables each day in 8 years from 2001 to 2008 in the UK.

Overview. Overall, it can be seen that the highest percentage of all people consuming fruit
and vegetables was women, while children accounted for the lowest proportion.
Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the proportion of people eating these food
items over the given period.

Body paragraph 1.

The percentage of women who ate fruit and vegetables started at just over 20% in 2001.
After that, the figure rose steadily and then reached a peak of 35% in 2006, before falling
slightly to 30% in the final year.

In terms of men and children eating fruit and vegetables, the rate remained relatively stable
in the first three years. From this point, the proportion of men increased slightly then peaked
at 28% in both 2006 and 2007, before falling to about 26%. A similar pattern was witnessed
in the figure for children as it reached 27% in 2007 and around 24% in the final year.

Homework
Sample
The bar chart delineates the types of transportation used by commuters in one European city
in three different years – 1960, 1980, and 2000.
Overall, when cars gained popularity, buses lost their appeal. It is also seen that trains and
tubes maintained an average rate of commuters over the period.

As per the chart, most people in the city traveled to and from work by bus in 1960. This was
nearly 40%, which was almost 10% more than the people who depended on tubes. Train
travelers accounted for around 18%, whereas the least share of commuters traveled in cars
(7%). In 1980, there was a decline in the share of those who depended on buses and tubes,
and this was by almost 10 and 5, respectively. When approximately 10% more passengers
boarded the train, the growth in car commuters almost doubled.

By 2000, cars became the most popular mode of transport. When just over 35% of the
working population traveled in cars, the percentage of those who commuted by bus shrank
to 15. Around 22 to 25% of people traveled on trains and tubes in the same year.

Glossary
Exercise 1

1 both 4 downward tendency

2 occurred 5 descended

3 stages 6 eldest
 UNIT 3. TASK 1 – TABLE
Lesson Preparation
Vocabulary. Exercise 1

1 four

2 58%

3 56%

4 9%

5 quarter

6 27%

7 a fifth

8 9%

9 6%

10 one in ten

Vocabulary. Exercise 2

1 C

2 A

3 D

4 E

5 B

Grammar. Exercise 1

1 gradually fell

2 had decreased
 3 have remained

4 has been

5 illustrates

6 took

7 have experienced

8 had remained

9 differs

10 will show

11 had fluctuated

12 will likely increase

Exam Focus
Activity 1
1a. Introduction

1 display, illustrate

2 Cost of a coffee cup

3 Great Britain, United Kingdom

4 between 1990 and 2010, over a period of 20 years, during the 20-year period

Sample answer
The table gives information relating to the changes in the average price of four different
brands of coffee in the United Kingdom between 1990 and 2020.

Check-up. – Sample answer

a. The table represents the changes in the proportion of British households with different
durable products during the 80-year period between 1950 and 2030.
b. The table illustrates the figure for different categories of families who were living in
poverty in Australia in 1999.

1b. Overview
The correct outstanding features are (in any order): B, E, F
Check-up. – Sample answer
In general, it is clear that Coffee C was the most expensive brand throughout the period. In
terms of the main trends, the price of Coffee A increased noticeably, while that of Coffee C
and D witnessed a decline and the cost of Coffee B was relatively stable.

1c. Body paragraphs

Suggested answer
By overall trends By timeline

Body paragraph 1: (upward) Body paragraph 1: 1990 - 2000

● Dramatic change in coffee A’s price ● Increase: Coffee A (from 1.10 to 1.50)
(double from 1.10 to 2.50)
● Decrease: Coffee C (from 4.50 to 3.50)
● Coffee B: relatively stable (from 1.99 to & coffee B (from 1.99 to 1.95)
2.10)
● Remain the same: Coffee D at 3.00
● Coffee A changed the most while
Coffee B changed the least

Body paragraph 2: (downward) Body paragraph 2: 2000 - 2010

● Coffee C’s price fell from 4.50 to 3.20 ● Increase: Coffee A (from 1.50 to 2.50)
& coffee B (from 1.99 to 2.10)
● Price of Coffee D halved from 3.00 to
1.20 ● Decrease: Coffee C (from 3.50 to 3.20)
& Coffee D (from 3.00 to 1.20)
● While experienced a drop, Coffee C is
still the most expensive brand

Check-up.
 1 In more detail, the price of Coffee C declined, falling from £4.50 in 1990 to £3.20 in the
final year of the period.

2 Despite this, Coffee C was still the most expensive, costing twice as much as coffee D.

3 The latter coffee brand had been stable at £3.00 in 1990 and 2000, but had been halved
to only £1.20 in 2010.

Practice

Exercise 1. Use the given word to describe the table – Suggested answer
Introduction
The table illustrates the percentage of school children attending four different types of
secondary school from 2000 to 2009.

Overview
It can be seen that the community schools became the most important providers of
secondary school education during the 20-year period.
Whereas the community schools experienced a marked increase in the proportion of those
attending their institutions over the period, the others saw a corresponding decline.

Body paragraph 1
To begin, the percentage of pupils in voluntary-controlled schools fell from just over half to
only 20% or one fifth from 2000 to 2009.
Similarly, the relative number of children in grammar schools - just under one quarter -
dropped by half in the same period.
The relatively small percentage of pupils attending the specialist schools also fell (12%) .

Body paragraph 2
While the other three types of school declined in importance, the community schools
witnessed a dramatic increase.
Whereas only a small minority of 12% were educated in these schools in 2000, this figure
increased to well over half of all pupils during the following nine years.

Exercise 2.
Before writing. Suggested answer
1. Columns: services related to railway system – Rows: the data presented by four countries
2. The data from the table is static with changes in the year of 2007.
3. It is clear that Japan had the largest number of people using rail transport and the most
passenger kilometres travelled per capita. On the other hand, the US shipped the highest
tonnage of goods by rail.
4. The data could be divided by countries in order to compare the differences in terms of
traveling and shipping habits.
Body paragraph 1: Countries with highest figures (Japan, the US)
Body paragraph 2: Countries with relatively small figures (the UK, Italy )
5. Due to the fact that the timeline of the table was put in the past, we could use the past
tenses such as Past Simple and Past Perfect Simple.

Sample writing 11
The table provides information about the usage of rail transport in 4 nations in 2007.

Overall, while Japan had the largest number of people using rail transport and the most
passenger kilometres travelled per capita, the US shipped the highest tonnage of goods by
rail.

There were more people travelling by rail in Japan, at 27 million, than there were in any of the
other countries. This country also had the longest average distance of rail travel per person,
at 1,980 kilometres. This was in sharp contrast with the U.S. rail network, which was used by
the smallest number of people, at 0.3 million, and had the shortest distance covered per

1
Tham khảo “https://www.ieltsessaybank.com/rail-transport/”
capita, at 80 kilometres. However, the US transported 2,820 billion tons of freight by rail, the
most among the four countries.

The railway systems in the UK and Italy reported very similar figures in 2007. They both
carried well over 5 million people. Moreover, the distance of passengers per head of
population between the UK and Italy were slightly different, covered an average distance of
775 kilometres per head, and shipped some 22 billion tons of cargo.

Glossary

Exercise 1

1 F

2 A

3 E

4 B

5 D

6 C

Exercise 2

1 with respect to

2 At a glance

3 in comparison to

4 In the succeeding year

5 Taking a closer look at the data

6 Keeping in mind
 English Phonetics Vietnamese

Market share /ˈmɑːkɪt ʃeə/ Thị phần

Manufacturers /ˌmænjʊˈfækʧərəz/ Nhà sản xuất số lượng lớn

At a glance /æt ə glɑːns/ Nhìn qua

An upsurge /ən ʌpˈsɜːʤ/ Sự tăng lên đáng kể

In comparison to /ɪn kəmˈpærɪsn tuː/ So sánh với

Subsequent /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/ Tiếp theo

Keep in mind /kiːp ɪn maɪnd/ Ghi nhớ

Homework

Example 1 - Sample answer2

The table shows the percentages of the Canadian, German, and British populations aged 65
and over in 1988 and 2000, and predicted figures for 2030.

Overall, Germany had the highest percentages of the population aged 65 and over for all
years, including predicted future figures, while the UK had the lowest figures in all years.
Additionally, the figures for all countries increased over time, and are expected to continue
increasing into the future.

Between 1988 and 2000, there was a rise of approximately 5 percent in both Canada (from
about 16 to 21 percent) and Germany (from about 20 to 25 percent). The UK, on the other
hand, showed an insignificant change in proportion (about less than 1 percent) and
remained at slightly under 15 percent in both years.

2
Tham khảo “https://ieltspracticeonline.com/table-8-the-information-and-predictions-regarding-the-
change-in-percentage-of-population-aged-65-and-above-in-three-countries/”
Figures for all countries are expected to continue increasing into the future, and by 2030, it is
expected that the population aged 65 and over will rise by around 6 percent in all three
countries, reaching the percentage of 26 in Canada, 30 in Germany, and 20 in the UK.

UNIT 4. TASK 2 – INTRODUCTION & CONCLUSION

Lesson Preparation
Vocabulary. Exercise 1

1 B. satisfaction

2 D. well-paid

3 C. remuneration

4 B. path

5 C. career-oriented

Vocabulary. Exercise 2

1 C

2 A

3 D
 4 E

5 B

Grammar. Exercise 1

1 A large quantity of household products that we use in our daily lives

2 A language for programming computers

3 The scientific and technical education of women

4 A dramatic rise in the number of women who are studying and working in science
and technology

5 The importance of a focused education which allows people to develop their skills

Grammar. Exercise 2 (suggested answer)

2 The range/type of activities for boys and girls

3 The availability/amount of space for physical exercise

4 The number of children in a class OR the size of classes

5 The personality/character of the teacher

6 The sum/amount of money spent on facilities

Exam Focus
Activity 1

1a.

1. c

2. a

1b.

- Introduce the essay question by paraphrasing: sentence 1

 - Summarize the main idea of the essay: sentence 2
Activity 2

1 C. It is crucial that young learners are taught interpersonal skills to prepare for future
jobs.

2 Importance / preparation

3 It is significant that interpersonal skills are taught to young learners to prepare for
future jobs.

Activity 3

a Advantages and Disadvantages

b Opinion

c Discussion

d Cause/effect/solution

Activity 4. A, D

Check-up (suggested answer)

Introduction

Background sentence: When students finish school, people face the dilemma of whether to
get a job or continue their education.

Thesis statement: While there are some benefits of getting a job straight after school, I
would argue that it is better to go to college or university.

Conclusion: In conclusion, it seems to me that students are more likely to be successful in

their career if they continue their studies beyond school level.

Practice

Exercise 1. Choose the suitable word

a. b.
 Introduction Argue, at, lead to, with Introduction In general, number

Conclusion To conclude Conclusion In short, However

Exercise 2.

Suggested answer

a.

Introduction: Working longer hours is getting more common in today’s society. I personally
believe that this trend not only has a severe impact on the workers themselves, but also on
their families and the community as a whole. Therefore, I totally agree with the idea of
limiting working hours.

Conclusion: In conclusion, working long hours would lead to low productivity and frequent
sick leaves, thereby doing more harm than good to employees, their relationships with family
members and the whole community.

b.

Introduction: Many people believe that salary plays a vital part in choosing a future job.
However, I do believe that there are others who select a job based on other elements.

Conclusion: To conclude, it is certainly true that the salary is important in job selection of
many people, but this is by no means the key priority for everyone in making a career
decision.

Exercise 3

Introduction: In recent years, the lack of such soft skills as communication and working in
teams has grown. This development is the result of various factors, which can have a
negative impact on both employees and employers.

Conclusion: In summary, there are a number of reasons behind the lack of soft skills like
communication and team working among modern employees, which can have a huge
impact on people in the workplace, companies and the general public.

Exercise 4.
Suggested answer

Introduction

Background statement: It is true that some people know from an early age what career they
want to pursue, and they are happy to spend the rest of their lives in the same profession.

Thesis statement: While I accept that this may suit many people, I believe that others enjoy
changing careers or seeking job satisfaction in different ways.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it can certainly be satisfying to pursue a particular career for the while of
one’s life, but this is by no means the only route to fulfillment.

Homework

Exercise 1 (suggested answer)

3
a.

(Introduction) If asked whether it is keeping a job or frequently switching jobs that gives
more career fulfillment, many would struggle to make the final choice. Personally, choosing
a job early and pursuing it for a long time would provide people with a great sense of career
satisfaction while job-hopping cannot.

(Conclusion) In conclusion, since frequently switching jobs usually ends with numerous
challenges, I totally agree with the idea that staying with the same job and pursuing it will be
more likely to bring better job fulfillment.

b. 4

(Introduction) It is believed that a lot of people have decided to change their jobs or
workplace, and living areas as well. Despite some negative developments that do exist, I
personally believe that the changing activity is a positive development.

3
Tham khảo https://writing9.com/text/5e9fbfe9f6626d001863e7d3
4
Tham khảo https://writing9.com/text/5d8ee7dc24d23f001749278b
(Conclusion) In conclusion, I personally think that changing a career or living place is a good
development, as people could achieve higher careers in their lives and get more experiences
in their life.

Glossary

Exercise 1

1 Unskilled

2 Applications

3 Applicants

4 Qualified

5 Qualification

Exercise 2

1 Fatigue

2 Self-employed

3 Incentive

4 Workforce

5 Applicant

English Phonetics Vietnamese

Skilled /skɪld/ Khéo léo, tay nghề cao

Blue collar /ˌbluː ˈkɑːlər/ Lao động phổ thông

White collar /ˌwaɪt ˈkɑːlər/ Lao động trí thức

Workforce /ˈwɜːrkfɔːrs/ Khối lượng công việc

Đánh giá hiệu suất công

Performance review /pərˈfɔːrməns rɪvjuː/
việc

Incentive /ɪnˈsentɪv/ Thưởng hiệu suất

Application /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/ Sự ứng tuyển

Qualification /ˌkwɑːlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ Trình độ chuyên môn

Applicant /ˈæplɪkənt/ Ứng viên

Fatigue /fəˈtiːɡ/ Sự mệt mỏi

Công việc kinh doanh

Self-employed /ˌself ɪmˈplɔɪd/
riêng/Tự làm chủ
 UNIT 5. TASK 2 - TOPIC SENTENCES & REASONS (1)
Lesson Preparation
Vocabulary. Exercise 1

1 B. companies

2 D. handle

3 C. Generating

4 A. out of business

5 A. establishing

Vocabulary. Exercise 2

1 Family-run business

2 Repay

3 Social responsibilities

4 Profitability

5 Credit cards

Grammar. Exercise 1

1 D

2 ND

3 D

4 D

5 ND

Grammar. Exercise 2 (suggested answer)

 Sentences (2) + (3) The games and apps found on these devices, which are mostly not
educational, can easily become addictive.

Sentences (4) + (5) This often results in children spending less time on healthy physical
activities, which is particularly problematic for some overweight
children. 

Sentences (6) + (7) In addition, the unsupervised use of electronic devices provides
children with access to the internet and social media
platforms, where they can be exposed to inappropriate content and
online predators.

Exam Focus
Activity 1

Topic sentence 1: On the one hand, it is undeniable that generating profits brings various
benefits for the public.

Topic sentence 2: On the other hand, enterprises should also conduct their businesses in a
socially responsible manner.

Activity 2

1 b

2 a

3 a

Check-up (Suggested answer)

Topic sentence 1. It is apparent that salary plays a vital role in the daily life.

Reason 1. It can be explained that earning money allows them to cover the basic needs and
maintain a reasonable living standard.

Topic sentence 2. I believe that other considerations are also as important as what we earn
in our jobs.
Reason 2. It is because personal relationships and the atmosphere in a workplace are
extremely important to make commitments to their work.

Practice
Exercise 1. Suggested answer
Introduction. Many people believe that using a credit card brings more benefits than
drawbacks. I totally agree with this point of view.
Body paragraphs
Topic sentence 1. On the one hand, it is true to say that owing a credit card brings some
adverse effects.
Reason 1. It can be explained that credit cards encourage people to spend more money than
they actually need.
Topic sentence 2. On the other hand, the huge benefits of getting a credit card are
undeniable.

Reason 1. It is true that a credit card gives everyone access to money and then pay it back
later.

Reason 2. Besides, having a credit card is more secure than carrying money around.

Conclusion. In conclusion, even though credit cards are useful and convenient, people
should be wise when using them.

Exercise 2 (suggested answer)

Introduction. Individuals believe that the habit of making kids manage a small pocket money
every week will help a lot in their life. To a large extent, I agree with this point of view.
Body paragraphs
Topic sentence 1. Basic skills such as saving money and spending it wisely are excellent
ways to teach them how to handle the money properly in the future.
Reason 1. Several studies proved that the skills people learn at their young age withstand
them throughout the lifetime.

Topic sentence 2. Practically experienced financial professionals are in the high demand in
every nation.

Reason 2. The reason is that the current world is going through a critical crisis.
Conclusion

To conclude, I firmly believe that basic knowledge about managing wealth should be
included in the school curriculum which supports them to understand the value of effective
management of money.

Homework
Exercise 1 (suggested answer)
(Introduction) Businesses have always sought to make a profit, but it is becoming
increasingly common to hear people talk about the social obligations that companies have. I
completely agree with the idea that businesses should do more for society than simply make
money.

(Body paragraphs)
Body part 1
Admittedly, that companies maximize their profits contributes to the benefits for society.

When they gain more money, it also means that the government receive more taxes in order
to invest in the coming public projects.

Meanwhile, with the high revenue, it is undoubted that companies are more likely to boost
their prosperity and expand the business scale.

(Body paragraphs)
Body part 2
However, it is of importance that corporations should share social responsibilities.

It can be explained that in some cases, the industrial waste disposed during the production
process adversely affects the environment.

Another explanation is that big corporations are able to support vulnerable groups in the
society.

(Conclusion)

In conclusion, I believe that companies should place as much importance on their social
responsibilities as they do on their financial objectives.
Glossary

Exercise 1

1 Set up 5 Go

2 Work 6 Go

3 Freedom 7 Major

4 Boost 8 Work

Exercise 2

1 Initiate 4 Produce

2 Motivation 5 Profitable

3 Compete 6 Inevitable
 UNIT 6. TASK 2 - TOPIC SENTENCES & REASONS (2)
Lesson Preparation
Vocabulary. Exercise 1

1 Publish

2 Privacy

3 Role model

4 Publication

5 Informative

Vocabulary. Exercise 2

1 b. purchase

2 c. promote

3 e. keep informed

4 a. detrimental

5 d. gain

Grammar. Exercise 1

1 Most people believe that obesity cannot be reduced just by reducing calorie intake .

(Direct object)

2 It is important that the individuals do everything they can to help educate their

children. (Subject as complement)

3 The government rewards whoever has the most effective solution to deal with plastic
bags. (Indirect object)

4 People have to be responsible for whatever they did. (Object of preposition)

 5 That smoking has terrible effects on health is obvious. (Subject)

Grammar. Exercise 2

1 If

2 Because

3 Although

4 While

5 Because

Exam Focus
Activity 1

Body paragraph 1
● Topic sentence: Sentence 4
● Explanation: Sentence 3

Body paragraph 2
● Topic sentence: Sentence 1
● Explanation: Sentence 2

Check-up

1. It is often argued that advertising can benefit society in general.

2. The reason is that commercial advertising enables people to find out about the latest
products and upcoming events easily.

3. In contrast, opponents of this view maintain that advertising has a detrimental impact on
society as a whole.

4. According to the view, the constant commercial pressure on citizens can encourage
consumers to purchase unnecessary things.
Practice

Exercise 1. Suggested answer

Introduction
While many people argue that companies can convince people of buying their products
through advertising, others believe that individuals are not affected by them anymore. I think
that the former point of view is more persuasive.

Body part 1
Topic sentence. On the one hand, advertisements are considered to be not effective as
expected.
Explanation. Many people tend to skip advertisements instead of watching till the end.

Body part 2
Topic sentence. On the other hand, it can be said that advertising has a persuasive effect on
the public in terms of consuming.
Explanation. Many aesthetical advertisements featuring celebrities would draw attention
from huge fans.

Explanation. The viewers gradually believed in the quality of the products because of the
frequent appearance on social media and other platforms.

Conclusion

To conclude, although people may have varying opinions, I am of the opinion that advertising
can have a persuasive effect on the majority of people.

Exercise 2.

Introduction

It is undeniable to say that the media keeps people informed by reporting the news . While
many people consider newspapers the most effective solution to get updated, others
suppose that other media is better for acquiring information. This essay will discuss both
points of view.

Body paragraphs
Body part 1

Topic sentence. On the one hand, there are several reasons why people choose newspapers
as an optimal way to receive news.

Explanation. Newspapers are researched carefully, checked and edited thoroughly by

journalists before their publication.

Explanation. Newspapers have existed for a long time so it has become an indispensable
part of most people’s day-to-day reading habit.

Body part 2

Topic sentence. On the other hand, other forms of media are also chosen thanks to their
more outstanding points.

Explanation. People get news more quickly and easily.

Explanation. With the aid of advanced technology, online news gives readers a better
experience of learning the news.

Conclusion

In conclusion, compared with newspapers, other media helps readers update news better
and more conveniently.

Homework
Suggested answer
(Introduction)

Nowadays, many people choose to update local news daily, while others believe that
updating news worldwide is more crucial. I agree with the former viewpoint.

(Body paragraphs)
Body part 1
On the one hand, being aware of international news can bring about many benefits.

By getting updated regularly, people catch the latest information about the global
environmental issues happening around.
Another benefit of reading international news is that people keep informed about global
pandemics.

Body part 2

On the other hand, national news is more important for readers.

It can be explained that by updating the changes in job market, people are supposed to have
suitable adjustments to their skills and knowledge.

Besides, daily local news provides updates on national politics which has huge impacts on
their lives.

(Conclusion)

In conclusion, I believe that people should read more national news rather than international
ones.

Glossary

Exercise 1

1 Consumer 5 Sales

2 Brands 6 Manufacturers

3 Advertisements 7 Marketing

4 Products 8 Exaggerate

Exercise 2

1 Headline

2 Commercial (across), content (down)

3 Viral

4 Censor

5 Layout
 UNIT 7. TASK 2 – EXAMPLES/ CONSEQUENCES/
ALTERNATIVES
Lesson Preparation
Vocabulary. Exercise 1

1 B. deterrent

2 C. humane

3 A. punishments

4 D. suspension

5 A. justice

Vocabulary. Exercise 2

1 Fair

2 Deterrent

3 Penalty

4 Justice

5 Strict

Grammar. Exercise 1

a.

1 Consequently

2 However

3 Clearly

4 Therefore
b.

1 For example

2 However

Grammar. Exercise 2

1 B. moreover

2 C. In the meantime

3 C. For instance

4 D. Likewise

5 A. Consequently

Exam Focus
Activity 1

a.

(Example) Sentence 4

(Consequence) Sentence 2

b.

(Example) Sentence 3

(Alternative) Sentence 1

Check-up 1.

Body part 1

(Example) Some viewers change the TV channel when the advertisement break begins.

(Consequence) Consequently, even though advertisements appear a lot, not many people
are able to remember and recognize the brand of the commercial product.

Body part 2
(Example) For instance, Nike chose Cristiano Ronaldo who is one of the most well-known
football players in the world as a representative for the marketing campaign for Mercurial
Nike.

(Consequence) As a result, these advertisements spread worldwide and encouraged millions

of fans to buy the products.

Practice

Exercise 1. Suggested answer

Body part 1

(Example) For instance, Tien Phong, one of the most prestigious newspapers in Vietnam,
has still been following by a great number of readers.

Body part 2

(Alternative) If there were no other forms of reading, people would need to buy newspapers
and could not get the latest news.

(Consequence) Thanks to the technological development, people are likely to read

everything they want with any portable device rather than bring newspapers everywhere.

Exercise 2. Suggested answer

Body part 1

On the one hand, strict punishments can certainly help to encourage people to drive more
safely. Penalties for dangerous drivers can act as a deterrent since people avoid repeating
the same offence. There are various types of driving penalty such as small fines, driver
awareness courses, licence suspension and even prison sentences. As a result, drivers
become more disciplined, alert and follow the rules more carefully.

On the other hand, safe driving can be promoted in several different ways that do not punish
drivers. Firstly, it is important to educate people properly before they start to drive. Secondly,
more attention could be paid to safe road design. For example, signs can be used to warn
people and speed cameras can deter people from driving too quickly. Finally, governments
and local councils could reduce road accidents by investing in better public transport, which
would mean that fewer people would need to travel by car.
Homework
Suggested answer
Body part 1
(Topic sentence) There are good arguments about having one set punishment for each
crime
(Explanation) The reason is that it is easier and fairer to maintain the justice system.
(Consequence) Everyone is more aware of the punishment for each crime so that fixed
punishments could deter potential criminals.

Body part 2
(Topic sentence) However, I would argue that the circumstances of a crime and the
criminal’s motivation should have an influence on the punishment.
(Explanation) It can be explained that the judge can decide the best response.
(Example) Stealing to feed a family is supposed to have a lighter punishment than stealing
for profit.
(Alternative) Otherwise, the justice system would be less humane and fair to every citizen.

Glossary
Exercise 1

1 d. capital punishment

2 c. community service

3 b. a heavy fine

4 e. a prison sentence

5 a. a treatment programme

Exercise 2

1 Juvenile 5 Human trafficking

2 Child abuse 6 Innocent

3 Commit 7 Terrorism

4 vandalism