Structure Ref: I

Input Data Units: kN & m Depth of fill 'H' = 0.67

Internal length 'X' = 2
Internal height 'Y' = 1.5
Thickness of roof slab 'hr' = 0.3
Thickness of floor slab 'hf' = 0.3
Thickness of walls 'hw' = 0.25
Horizontal distance of roof splay 'Shr' = 0.1
Vertical distance of roof splay 'Svr' = 0.1
Horizontal distance of floor splay 'Shf' = 0.1
Vertical distance of floor splay 'Svf' = 0.1
Length of structure parallel to walls 'Lt' = 9
Edge of carriageway to face of headwall (Fig.3.2b) = 0.5
Density of fill above box gfa = 20
Density of backfill to sides of box gfb = 19
Density of road construction grc = 24
Density of concrete gconc = 24
Young's Moduls of soil to foundations E = 40000
Coefficient of subgrade reaction ks1 = 22500
Concrete Cube Strength fcu = 30000
Design angle of base friction db° = 20

Envelope of Load Case Diagrams A/1a A/2a A/3a A/4a A/5a A/6a A/7a
HA Wheel, 30units HB Vehicle with 6 & 11m centre axle spacings analysed for live loading.
Nominal HA Traction Force = 0kN & Nominal HB Traction Force = 88.604kN
Ground Water 1m above base
LLSC = 10kN/m2 for HA loading & 12kN/m2 for HB loading
Hydrostatic Head = 1m

Temperature Effects
Not required.

Backfill Soil Properties

(BS 8002 values)
Kmin = 0.2
Ka = 0.3
Ko = 1.762
Kp = 3.524

Check for negative arching effects for foundations on hard material:

Criteria for flexible foundations is when lL > p/4
Where l = [k'S /(4EcI)]0.25 B = 1.0 (unit width)
kS = kS1 [(B + 0.3)/(2B)]2 kS = 9506.25
 k'S = B kS k'S = 9506.25
Short term Econc = (20+0.27fcu) Econc = 28100000
I = B hf3 / 12 I = 0.00225
l = [k'S /(4EcI)] 0.25
l = 0.440317
L = X + hw L = 2.25
p/4 = 0.785 lL = 0.991 Hence not founded on hard material
BD31/01 Fig 3.1: b = Factor for negative arching effects
Footings on hard material b = 1.500
Footings not on hard material b = 1.150 Hence b = 1.15

Cl.3.2.8. - Load effects due to temperature need not be considered.

Cl.3.4.1. - Sliding Check: - Diagram A/6a (Ultimate Limit State only)

A minimum Kr of 1.762 has been used and the base friction angle reduced to 20° to balance horizontal loads.

Cl.3.4.2. - Bearing Pressure (P kN/m2) - Diagram A/7a (Due to Nominal Loads)

Notation: Negative Bearing Pressures = Uplift; (See Notation for Load Cases opposite)
Position: A B C D E
Max P: 30 WH 25 WH 30 WH 36 WH 54 WH
Min P: 11 B 23 W 17 W 34 W 37 W

Envelope of Member Load Effects

Notation: Axial Force: t = Tension ; c = Compression (Ignor negative signs)

Bending Moment: i = tension on inside face; e = tension on external face (Ignor negative signs)

Serviceability Limit State Ultimate Limit State

Member Joint Mq/Mg Bending Moment Axial Force Bending Moment Shear Force
(kNm) (kN) (kNm) (kN)
1 1 min 24.71 -50 e Wall -7 t -64 e -5 Wall
1 max 1.089 -4 e 180 c Barrel Box Culvert Type135
Single I
2 min -1.059 0i -178 c -8 i -80
2 max 52.321 36 e 8t 46 e 9
2 2 min 52.758 -36 e -8 t -47 e -8
2 max -0.726 0e 178 c 8i 76
3 min 0.472 -16 i -173 c -24 i -54
3 max 4.523 13 e 12 t 18 e 21
3 3 min 4.318 -13 e -12 t -18 e -22
3 max 0.428 16 i 173 c 24 i 54
4 min -5.101 -25 i -168 c -32 i -43
4 max 3.679 18 e 16 t 25 e 74
4 4 min 3.682 -18 e -16 t -25 e -75
4 max -5.103 25 i 168 c 32 i 44
5 min -4.761 -33 i -166 c -43 i 3
5 max 1.413 31 e 18 t 43 e 105
5 5 min 1.43 -31 e Roof 3c -43 e -18 Roof
5 max -4.786 33 i 105 c 43 i 166
6 min -11.783 -35 i -106 c -44 i -141
6 max 0.797 14 e -4 c 19 e 25
6 6 min 0.825 -14 e 3c -20 e -25
6 max -11.85 35 i 105 c 44 i 141
7 min 4.055 -47 i -106 c -65 i -45
7 max -3.204 2e -4 c 7e 69
7 7 min -3.431 -2 e 3c -7 e -69
7 max 4.078 47 i 105 c 65 i 45
8 min 40.009 -8 i -106 c -11 i 9
8 max -33.552 35 e -4 c 43 e 140
8 8 min -33.755 -35 e 3c -44 e -140
8 max 41.125 8i 105 c 12 i -9
9 min 0.311 4e -106 c -1 i 17
9 max 14.861 55 e -4 c 69 e 165
9 9 min 14.924 -55 e Wall 17 c -69 e 3 Wall
9 max 0.376 -5 e 165 c 1i 105
10 min -0.315 2e -167 c -7 i -77
10 max 35.467 40 e -18 c 51 e -3
10 10 min 35.479 -40 e 18 c -51 e 2
10 max -0.31 -2 e 167 c 7i 76
11 min 0.472 -16 i -172 c -24 i -60
11 max 4.521 13 e -22 c 18 e 14
11 11 min 4.316 -13 e 22 c -18 e -14
11 max 0.428 16 i 172 c 24 i 59
12 min -5.017 -24 i -176 c -31 i -44
12 max 1.884 11 e -26 c 18 e 76
12 12 min 1.962 -11 e 26 c -19 e -80
12 max -5.067 24 i 176 c 32 i 48
13 min -3.579 -30 i -178 c -40 i -32
13 max 0.621 23 e -28 c 33 e 135
13 13 min -3.579 -30 i Floor -32 t -40 i -83 Floor
13 max 0.621 23 e 135 c 33 e 13
14 min 0.389 -13 e -140 c -22 e -6
14 max -6.228 32 i 27 t 42 i 82
14 14 min -6.148 -32 i -21 t -42 i -86
14 max 0.337 13 e 135 c 21 e 9
15 min -1.882 -1 e -140 c -6 e -52
15 max 1.883 30 i 0c 42 i 41
15 15 min 1.926 -31 i -5 t -42 i -14
15 max -2.172 2e 135 c 7e 86
16 min -17.275 -35 e -140 c -45 e -95
16 max 0.636 4i 0c 13 i -11
16 16 min 0.407 -3 i -5 t -12 i 8
16 max -17.043 34 e 135 c 44 e 91
1 min 24.71 -50 e -140 c -64 e -95
1 max 1.089 -4 e 6t 8i -15
 Enter details of Construction Vehicles (if any) that need to be an

Over-write values in the table below; these have only been provid

W1,W2 etc = axle weights (kN) A1, A2 etc = axle spacings (m)

Vehicle Length X W1 A1 W2 A2 W3
Reference (m) (kN) (m) (kN) (m) (kN)
HTM 804 1.8 70 1.65 70 3.25 93
T282C 5.6 2000 6.55 4000
TA230 2.5 115 4.35 210 1.7 210
MK88 2.31 125 2.34 125 2.9 120
LTM11200 2.6 118 1.48 118 2.08 118
HB45 3 450 1.8 450 6 450
s (if any) that need to be analysed. (maximum of 10 vehicles)

these have only been provided for demonstration purposes

etc = axle spacings (m) Wheel square contact area is based on a pressure of 1.1N/mm2

A3 W4 A4 W5 A5 W6 A6 W7 A7 W8
(m) (kN) (m) (kN) (m) (kN) (m) (kN) (m) (kN)
1.25 93

1.65 120
1.5 118 1.48 118 3.07 118 1.5 118 3.3 118
1.8 450
 Gross Additional
A8 W9 A9 W10 Weight Impact (kN)
(m) (kN) (m) (kN) (kN) 0.00
326 0
6000 0
535 0
490 0
1.48 118 1062 0
1800 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0