2D Box Culvert

midas Civil for Beginners Course Overview
2D Box Culvert
Objective
Description
Who can attend?
• Students & Graduate Engineers
• Beginner & Intermediate users of midas Civil
What will I Learn?

• How to generate a Geometrical model for
2D Box Culvert
• Right way to deduce & assign loads for a 2D
Box Culvert & RC Design as per IRC 112
How to get Certified ?

• Complete the course
• Submit associated Task for Assessment
• Get Certified on scoring min 80%
2D Box Culvert : Geometric Modelling & Loads,

Results interpretation & Design
Your Instructor
Pratap Jadhav
Structural Engineer, Midas India
M. Tech Structural Engineer, VIT University, Vellore

Has 4+ years of experience in detailed structural analysis and checking for
various bridge structures, building, etc.
He mainly deals with providing technical support for new as well as
existing Midas users and assist them during analysis and design of ongoing
projects.
Contents
01 05
Introduction Analysis , Result & RC Design as per IRC 112
Before getting started get introduced to the Verify the correctness of model, Checking the
capabilities of midas Civil, software basic Results & Design the Culvert
Installation etc.
02 06
Geometric Modelling of 2D Box Task For Certification
Culvert
Specifics about the geometry of the Complete tutorial on Modelling & Designing a
structure 2D Box Culvert along with Q & A for
assessment
03
Boundary Condition & Static
Loads for 2D Box Culvert
Arriving at soil spring stiffness based on Modulus of
subgrade reaction & typical static loads on 2D box culvert
04
Moving Load with Dispersion
Moving load consideration incorporating the effect

of soil fills above the culvert
midas Civil for Beginners
Learning Agenda
• Generate 2D box culvert model using wizard
• Simulate Boundary Conditions & Assign Static and surcharge loads
• Define Moving load as per IRC:6
• Consider Live Load Dispersion as per Live Load Dispersion Tool
• Interpret the various Results such as Forces, Stresses, etc
• RC Design as per IRC112
2D Box Culvert: Course Overview

2D Box Culvert Overview &
Fundamentals

Overview: Classification of Bridges based on span

Small span bridges Medium span Large span bridges Long span bridges
(Up to 15m) bridges (Up to 50m) (50m to 150m) (over 150m)
Precast concrete box girder

Culvert bridges bridge Composite steel plate Cable stayed
girder bridge bridge
Precast Concrete I-girder
Slab bridges bridge
Composite rolled steel beam Cast-in-place post-

bridge tensioned box girder Suspension bridge
T-beam bridge bridge
Composite steel plate girder
bridge
Precast concrete Post-tensioned
Box bridge Cast-in-place RCC Box girder concrete segmental Extradosed bridge
bridge construction
Rolled steel beam
Composite Steel box girder
bridge bridge
Concrete arch and
Wood Beam bridge Cast-in-place post-tensioned steel arch bridge
concrete box girder bridge
2D Box Culvert: Overview & Fundamentals

Fundamentals of Culvert
• About Culverts
• Major Purposes
• Materials for culvert construction
• Types of culverts
• Advantages of box culverts

About Culverts
• A small bridge may be of 3 to 4 spans with the length of each
span not more than 3 m is known as culvert
• Span length of the culvert constructed under highways may be
up to 4.5m
• In case of railway track, the maximum span length should not
exceed 6m

About Culverts
• Are tunnel carrying a stream under the roadway or railway
• May act as a bridge for traffic to pass on it
• Mainly used to serve the purpose of bridge or a current flow
controller
• Suitable for difficult site conditions as the installation requires
minimum time
• Widely used for underpasses, subways, stream culverts, etc

Major Purposes
Control the flow of stream Pedestrians to skip the traffic

Materials for culvert construction

• They are made up of many materials like
• Concrete
• Steel
• Plastic
• Aluminium
• High Density Polyethylene
• In most of the cases, concrete culverts are preferred.

Precast culverts are also available

Types of Culverts
• The type of culvert is based on a number of factors including
hydraulic, upstream elevation, and roadway height & other
conditions
• The different types of culvert are:
• Pipe Culvert
• Pipe-Arch Culvert
• Box Culvert
• Bridge culvert
• Metal Box Culvert

Types of Culverts
Pipe culvert Pipe-Arch culvert
Arch culvert Metal box culvert

Types of Culverts
Bridge culvert Box culvert

Advantages of box culvert

• It is a rigid frame structure and easy to construct.
• It is suitable for non-perennial streams and when the soil is
weak.
• The pressure on the soil is reduced due to the bottom slab.
• It is very economical due to their rigidity and no separate
foundation is required.
• It requires minimum maintenance and prolonged service life.

Summary
• Overview
• Fundamentals of box culvert
• Major Purposes
• Materials for culvert construction
• Types of box culvert
• Advantages of box culvert

2D Box Culvert Initial Settings &
Material Definition

Specifications of bridge
• Clear Span of Box = 5.00 m
• Thickness of Side walls = 0.35 m
• Clear Height of the Box = 3.50 m
• Thickness of deck slab = 0.325 m
• Thickness of base Slab = 0.35 m
• Idealized Span
= 5000 + (350/2) + (350/2) = 5.35 m
• Idealized Height
= (325/2) + 3500 + (35/2) = 3.8375 m
• Clear Carriageway Width = 8.75 m 2D Box culvert
• Thickness of Crash Barriers = 0.45 m
• Width of structure
= 8750 + 2x 450 = 9.65 m 2D Box Culvert: Initial Settings & Material Definition
Unit preferences
• Length in m
• Force in kN
• Temperature in Celsius
2D Box Culvert: Initial Settings & Material Definition

Material Definition
• Material Properties
Concrete: M35
Properties Value
Modulus of elasticity 3.20E+07 kN/m2
Poisson’s ratio 0.2
Thermal coefficient 1.2E-05
Weight density 25 kN/m3


Summary
• Initial setting
• Material property for Box Culvert

2D Box Culvert Geometric
Modelling

Geometric Modelling
5.35 m
5m
0.325 m
5.35 m
1m
3.5 m
0.35 m
0.35 m 0.35 m 2D Box Culvert: Geometric Modelling

Geometric Modelling
Top slab
Side wall Side wall
Bottom slab
Elastic links
Supports
2D Box Culvert: Geometric Modelling

Modelling methods
1. Wizard 2. Import from AutoCAD 3. Using Nodes, Elements/Plates

Wizard Modelling
Arch Box Culvert Skewed Culvert Frame with Wing walls
Box Culvert Box Culvert 2D model Arched Culvert

Wizard Modelling
Normal Type Frame
Pi Type Frame
Box Culvert

Wizard Modelling
Normal Type Frame
Pi Type Frame
Box Culvert

Summary
• Create Geometry from the structure wizard in midas Civil.

2D Box Culvert Soil Springs for
Boundary Condition

Soil Springs for Boundary Condition

Soil Structure Interaction
1. Elastic Link & Rigid Support 2. Point Spring Supports
2D Box Culvert: Soil Springs for Boundary Condition

Boundary Condition
Top slab
Side wall Side wall
Bottom slab
Elastic links
Supports

Boundary Conditions: Modulus of subgrade reaction

• Here, μ and Es are Important parameters.
• With reference to the “Foundation Analysis
and Design” by Bowels (5th Edition), these
values could be found out.
• From these given tables(2-7, 2-8,5-6),
Poisson's ratio and Static Stress strain
modulus can be found out.
• The value range for Es is very large, hence
shall not be averaged out.
• For this, field tests like SPT or lab tests
could be Useful.


• Using Steinbrenner's equations, the influence factors could be found out to calculate subgrade
modulus for four corners and at the center of a rectangular base
• Depth of Compressible soil = H = 14m

Breadth of the Base Slab = B = 5.7m Hence at Center B’= 2.85m
Length of the Base Slab = L = 11m Hence at Center L’ = 5.5m
N = H/B’ = 14/2.85 = 4.9
M = L’/B’ = 5.5/2.85 = 1.9
• These N and M are further used to calculate the influence factors using following
equations and table 5-2 and graph mentioned in the upcoming slides.


For Center
I1 = 0.520
Modulus of Subgrade Reactions:
I2 = 0.057
Is = 0.552 1
Modulus of subgrade reaction at center Kcenter = = 5632 kN/m2/m
4𝐵 ′ 𝐸 ′ 𝐼𝑠𝐼𝐹
IF = 0.775
1
Modulus of subgrade reaction at center Kcorner = = 15583 kN/m2/m
For Corner 𝐵′𝐸′𝐼 𝑠𝐼𝐹
I1 = 0.347 4𝐾𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟+ 𝐾𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑟

Average subgrade modulus K = = 7622 kN/m2/m
5
I2 = 0.092
Is = 0.399 Say K = 7630 kN/m2/m
IF = 0.775


Table, Equation and Graph used for the calculations of influence factors
For IF calculations:


Boundary Conditions: Elastic Links

• Boundary conditions generated by the wizard are Elastic links and Spring
supports
• Vertical Stiffness (Local direction of links) is calculated using Modulus of
subgrade reaction x Effective area
Elastic Links
Effective Area Calculations (L X B) Area (m2) Stiffness ( kN/m )
Numbers
0.175
1, 2 ( ) x1 0.0875 x 1 0.0875 667.625
2
0.175 1
3, 8 ( 2 + 2)x 1 0.5875 x 1 0.5875 4482.625
1 1
4, 5, 6, 7 ( 2 + 2) x 1 1x1 1 7630

Boundary Conditions: Elastic Links

Elastic Links
Effective Area Calculations (L X B) Area (m2) Stiffness ( kN/m )
Numbers
0.175
1, 2 ( ) x1 0.0875 x 1 0.0875 667.625
2
0.175 1
3, 8 ( + )x 1 0.5875 x 1 0.5875 4482.625
2 2
1 1
4, 5, 6, 7 ( 2 + 2) x 1 1x1 1 7630
Elastic link stiffness in midas Civil


Summary
• Modulus of Subgrade reaction
• Soil Springs and rigid supports generated using Box Culvert
Wizard

2D Box Culvert Static Loads

Static Loads
Soil Surcharge Load
Element loads Hydrostatic loads
Lateral Earth Pressure
2D Box Culvert: Static Loads

Static Loads
Pavement loads
• Pavement Loading = Weight Density x Area
Area of the loading
= Thickness x width = 0.065 x 8.75 = 0.56875 m2
Hence intensity of Area or Pressure Load
= Area x Weight / Length = 0.56875 x 22 / 9.65 = 1.297 kN/m
Similarly, for any additional load or, crash barrier or median if
present; loadings will be calculated in similar fashion.
Area of crash barrier = 0.45 m2

Static Loads
Crash barrier loads
• Crash Barrier Loading intensity
= Weight density x Crash barrier area
Hence intensity of Area or Pressure Load
Intensity 11.25
= = = 2.3316 kN/m Area of the loading
Span Length 9.65

Static Loads
• Earth pressure loads Note:
There are three more cases:
EP W/O Water 1. h2>p (Soil Layer > Pavement Thickness)

“h2-p” would be considered as a soil Layer above the
Here h2 = p (Thickness of pavement =Thickness of soil layer) deck (with soil density) and pavement with its
corresponding weight Density (i.e., density of
Angle of friction considered = ϕ = 30 degrees concrete)
At rest condition Ko = 1-sinϕ = 0.5 2. p=0 (i.e., No pavement)

“h2” thickness value would be considered with the soil
Saturated soil density = 20 kN/m3 density
Ko x h x density = 0.5 x 20 x h = 0.01h 3. h2=p=0 (Neither Soil nor pavement)

Earth Pressure =
1000 1000 EP will be only based on the respective heights from
the top of culvert

Static Loads
Earth pressure loads
EP due to Total EP
Node Distance “h” Saturated Earth
SIDL Intensity
Numbers from Top (mm) Pressure
on top slab (kN/m2)
Top 325
elements = 162.5 0.01h = 1.625 2.34
2
Second
row
162.5 + 462.5 = 625 0.01h = 6.25 0.5 x 22 x 65 6.965
1000
Third 625 + 1456.25 = 2081. =
row
0.01h = 20.8125 21.5275
25 0.715
Bottom 2081.25 +1918.75 = 4
Row
0.01h = 40 40.715
0000



Summary
• Load intensities calculated by the program with the quick
manual checks
• Verified the earth pressure load at different depth of wall
with the calculations.

2D Box Culvert Moving Load
Cases & Definition

Number of design lanes

• Overall width of the structure: 9.65m
• Width of crash barrier: 0.45m
• Width of carriageway: 9.65 – 2 * 0.45 = 8.75m
2D Box Culvert: Moving Load Cases & Definition

Types of Vehicles Considered

• Class 70R • Class A

Traffic lanes – Class A Vehicle

• Case 1: Two axles of 11.4T placed equidistant from mid-span of the Deck
• Class A Vehicle


• Load Intensity Calculations
Axle Load B Ww Wtd W b1 UDL
(T) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (kN/m)
11.4 250 500 1030 2300 2430 110.678
Dispersed Wheel Length = Wtd = Wtt+ 2(Tf+t)

Wtt = Tire Contact width along Traffic Direction (B)
Tf = thickness of fill = 65 mm
t = Thickness of Top Slab = 325 mm
W = Total Width of the vehicle = Ww + 1800
Width after dispersion through fill = b1 = W + 2Tf
Wheel Load
Gross UDL intensity corresponding to each wheel load =
Dispersed Wheel Length


• Effective Width Calculations
𝐚
Effective width of slab = bef = α x a x (1 - ) + b1
𝐥𝐨
a = Value from left support to center of the wheel load = (Deck slab/2) - (C/C distance between wheels/2 = 2675 - 600 = 2075 mm
C = Minimum clearance from slab edge 150 + 450 = 600 mm
lo = Width of deck slab = 5350 mm
bef for load at Center of carriageway = 5732.547 mm

𝑏𝑒𝑓𝒄 𝑊
bef for load at Edge of carriageway = + C + = 4616.273 mm
2 2
bef for single lane = 4616.273 mm
bef for Two lanes = (bef for single lane + 3500)/2 = 4058.137 mm
α = constant depending upon the ratio b/ lo


• Effective Width Calculations
Critical effective width for design = (bef for single lane + 7000)/3 = 3216.667 mm
Impact factor for Class A = 39.65% = 0.3965
𝑈𝐷𝐿
Gross UDL/m considering the impact factor =
𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓
x (1 + impact factor)
Axle Load UDL UDL/m

(T) (kN/m) With Impact Factor
11.4 110.680 48.051

Impact Factor
• Impact factor for Class A vehicle on RC/PSC bridge
• Impact factor for Class 70R vehicle on RC/PSC bridge:


• Application of Dispersed loads C.G of the Deck Slab
1.2 m
Part of Class A
Vehicle
11.4T 11.4T
TRAFFIC DIRECTION
Road Level 0.25 m 0.25 m 0.065 m

Deck slab / 1 2 3 4
0.325 m
1.03 m 1.03 m
2.675 m 0.350 m
5.35 m
1.03 m = dispersion length of tire through slab and fill
Distance from left end of slab up to point 1 = 1.56 m = (2.675 – 0.6 – 0.515)
Distance from left end of slab up to point 2 = 2.59 m = (1.56 + 1.03)
Distance from left end of slab up to point 3 = 2.76 m = (2.675 + 0.6 – 0.515)
Distance from left end of slab up to point 4 = 3.79 m = (2.76 + 1.03)
Traffic lanes Sr.

Load Cases Load Case Name
x1 x2
w
(kN/m/m)
No. (m) (m)
With impact factor
• Moving Load Cases 1

Two axles of 11.4T placed equidistant
from mid-span
of deck slab
Class A Case 1
1.5600
2.7600
2.5900
3.7900
-48.045
-48.045
0.0100 0.9400 -12.603
Class A C.G placed at mid-span of deck
2 Class A Case 2 3.1600 4.1900 -48.045
slab
4.3600 5.3500 -48.045
Class 70R track - C.G placed at midspan
3 70R Track 0.0000 5.3500 -25.710
of deck slab
0.0000 0.6265 -45.112
Two axles of 12T + Two Axles of 17T of 1.1035 2.1465 -24.534
4 70R Wheel Case1
Class 70R vehicle 3.2335 4.2765 -34.941
4.6035 5.3500 -58.546
Two axles of 20 T placed equidistant 1.5435 2.5865 -38.956
5 from mid-span of 70R Bogie Case 1
deck slab 2.7635 3.8065 -38.956
0.0000 0.9865 -50.631
Three axles of 17T of Class 70R placed
6 70R Wheel Case2 1.3135 2.3565 -33.648
on the slab
4.3635 5.3500 -50.631
0.0100 0.9400 -4.944
Class A Case 2 3.1600 4.1900 -18.849
7 Class A + Class 70R (Track)
4.3600 5.3500 -18.849
70R Track 0.0000 5.3500 -19.922
Braking effect in longitudinal direction 0.0000 1.0000 `-4.801, 4.801
8 as well as the LL Braking Effect
vertical direction 0.0000 1.0000 -2.998

Demo video
• Define the moving loads
2D Box Culvert: Moving Load Definition

Summary
• Calculation of vehicle positions as per IRC 6
• Moving Load Cases

2D Box Culvert Moving Load with
Dispersion

Live Load Dispersion Generator in midas Civil

• This extension integrates within the software which can automatically define
the live load dispersion as Static Load cases for IRC 6 vehicles, which later can
be analyzed to find critical loading positions.
2D Box Culvert: Moving Load with Dispersion

Live Load Generator in midas Civil

Live Load Generator in midas Civil

Demo video
• Usage of Live Load Generator in midas Civil
• Comparison of loads with manual calculations
Demo video
• Usage of Live Load Generator in midas Civil
• Comparison of loads with manual calculations
Summary
• Usage of Live Load Dispersion Generator in midas
Civil with the comparison using excel.

2D Box Culvert Analysis & Results
Interpretations

Load Combinations
• midas Civil provides Auto Generation feature which will create all
possible load combinations as per IRC:6
2D Box Culvert: Analysis & Results Interpretation

Demo
Auto load combinations

Analysis results
• midas Civil provides several features that can be used to check the
results which will be helpful for results extractions and report
generation
• The basic results are
Deformation Contours
Beam Forces and Moments
Beam Stresses
Result Tables

Analysis results
1. Displacement Contour 2. Beam Force Diagram

Demo
Results Extractions

Summary
• Usage of Auto Generation feature for load combination
• Results interpretations such as displacements, forces, etc.

2D Box Culvert Report Generator

Report Generation
• Generate a report using analysis and design results from midas Civil.
• All the input and output data can be plotted (ie. section properties,
reactions, member forces, displacements, stresses, etc.) in a diagram,
graph, text, or table format.
• All of the data entered in the report can be modified and saved by the user
in MS Word format without any limitations. Also, the user can open and
modify the pre-generated report using regeneration option.
2D Box Culvert: Report Generator

Demo
Dynamic Report Generator

Summary
• Analysis Report using Dynamic Report Generator
2D Box Culvert: Report Generator

2D Box Culvert RC Design as per
IRC 112

RC Design in midas Civil

• Beam design
• Column design
Checking & Design
• Plate beam design
• Plate column design
Type Function Comparison

Design Provides rebar requirement Rebar center location input
(Beam, Column, Plate)
Checking Check strength and section Rebar location input

(Beam, Column, Plate) cracking
2D Box Culvert: RC Design as per IRC 112

RC Beam Design
Graphic Report Detailed Report

RC Column Design
Graphic Report Detailed Report

Demo
Summary
• midas Civil capabilities for design of box culvert
• Generation of summary and detail reports

2D Box Culvert

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midas Civil for Beginners Course Overview

What will I Learn?

How to get Certified ?

2D Box Culvert : Geometric Modelling & Loads,

M. Tech Structural Engineer, VIT University, Vellore

Moving load consideration incorporating the effect

2D Box Culvert: Course Overview

midas Civil for Beginners

Overview: Classification of Bridges based on span

Precast concrete box girder

Composite rolled steel beam Cast-in-place post-

2D Box Culvert: Overview & Fundamentals

2D Box Culvert: Overview & Fundamentals

2D Box Culvert: Overview & Fundamentals

2D Box Culvert: Overview & Fundamentals

Control the flow of stream Pedestrians to skip the traffic

2D Box Culvert: Overview & Fundamentals

Materials for culvert construction

• In most of the cases, concrete culverts are preferred.

2D Box Culvert: Overview & Fundamentals

2D Box Culvert: Overview & Fundamentals

Pipe culvert Pipe-Arch culvert

Arch culvert Metal box culvert

Bridge culvert Box culvert

2D Box Culvert: Overview & Fundamentals

Advantages of box culvert

2D Box Culvert: Overview & Fundamentals

2D Box Culvert: Overview & Fundamentals

midas Civil for Beginners

2D Box Culvert: Initial Settings & Material Definition

2D Box Culvert: Initial Settings & Material Definition

2D Box Culvert: Initial Settings & Material Definition

2D Box Culvert: Initial Settings & Material Definition

midas Civil for Beginners

0.35 m 0.35 m 2D Box Culvert: Geometric Modelling

Side wall Side wall

2D Box Culvert: Geometric Modelling

2D Box Culvert: Geometric Modelling

Box Culvert Box Culvert 2D model Arched Culvert

2D Box Culvert: Geometric Modelling

2D Box Culvert: Geometric Modelling

2D Box Culvert: Geometric Modelling

2D Box Culvert: Geometric Modelling

midas Civil for Beginners

Soil Springs for Boundary Condition

2D Box Culvert: Soil Springs for Boundary Condition

Side wall Side wall

2D Box Culvert: Soil Springs for Boundary Condition

Boundary Conditions: Modulus of subgrade reaction

2D Box Culvert: Soil Springs for Boundary Condition

Boundary Conditions: Modulus of subgrade reaction

• Depth of Compressible soil = H = 14m

2D Box Culvert: Soil Springs for Boundary Condition

Boundary Conditions: Modulus of subgrade reaction

I1 = 0.347 4𝐾𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟+ 𝐾𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑟

2D Box Culvert: Soil Springs for Boundary Condition

Boundary Conditions: Modulus of subgrade reaction

2D Box Culvert: Soil Springs for Boundary Condition

2D Box Culvert: Geometric Modelling

Boundary Conditions: Elastic Links

2D Box Culvert: Soil Springs for Boundary Condition

Boundary Conditions: Elastic Links

Elastic link stiffness in midas Civil

2D Box Culvert: Soil Springs for Boundary Condition