GENERAL PHYSICS 1 REVIEWER / CPE4  Calculate for the acceleration

MODULE 4: NEWTON'S FIRST LAW OF MOTION  With a distance of 500m, Calculate for the final speed of box.

QUANTITATIVE PART

A 10 kg box is pulled to the east by a horizontal force of 200N. A

constant frictional force of 60 N opposes it.

 Calculate for the net horizontal force acting on the box.

 Calculate for the acceleration.

 Calculate for the distance travel of the box in 20secs. QUANTITATIVE PART (TENSION)

A 15kg bos was pulled to the east by 400N force that was 30 degrees
above the horizontal. There is also a presence of constant frictional
force with a value of 140N that opposes it.

 Calculate for the net horizontal force acting on the box

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QUANTITATIVE PART (INCLINE)

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 The applied force F imparts acceleration to the block which varies
inversely and is directed to the line of the action force.

Since the mass of the body is constant, a=kF/m, where k is the

characteristic of the space. If k = 1, then:

MODULE 5: NEWTON'S LAWS OF MOTION

NEWTON'S SECOND LAW OF MOTION

UNITS OF FORCE
Newton's Second Law of Motion is known as the Law of
Acceleration. It states that "The change in motion of the body is
proportional to the motive force acting upon it, and is made in the
direction of the straight line in which the force acts."

Consider a block of mass m, acted upon by the external

unbalanced force F as shown in the figure. Implications:

 The law shows a quantitative relationship between the resultant

force, mass, and acceleration of the body.
 It is valid for conditions where mass is constant and velocity is
low compared to the velocity of light.
 Acceleration is proportional to the unbalanced force and is in
the same direction in a straight line.

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Sample Problem 1 Sample Problem 2

Suppose that the net external force (push minus friction) exerted on a An airboat with a mass of 350 kg, including the passenger, has an
lawnmower is 51 N (about 11 lb) parallel to the ground. The mass of engine that produces a net horizontal force of 770 N, after accounting
the mower is 24 kg. What is its acceleration? for forces of resistance.

 Find the acceleration of the boat.

 Starting from rest, how long does it take the airboat to reach a
speed of 12 m/s?

IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM

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Momentum is the measure of a body's translational motion - its
tendency to continue moving in a particular direction.
 According to Newton's Second Law, F=ma.
 However, acceleration is defined as: a=Δv/t.
Therefore, F=mΔv/t.
A bus moving at a rate of 30 m/s weighs 2.7 x 104 N.
 Calculate its momentum.
 How long must a force of 76 N be exerted on the bus to support
that momentum?

Rearranging this equation will give...

The product of the force and time through which it acts is

called the impulse, I.

The product of the mass and the velocity at which the body
moves is its momentum, P (progress).

Impulse produces a change in the momentum of the body as the

velocity changes due to an acceleration that may be acquired from
varying magnitudes of force applied to it.

Momentum is transferred to a body in motion by giving it an

impulse. This impulse is the force exerted on it for a certain amount of
time.

Thus, impulse= force × time.

And in terms of momentum, P = m(v2−v1).

Sample Problem 2

Sample Problem 1

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A bus with a mass of 9600 kg moves from a speed of 15 m/s to 40 m/s
in 5 seconds. Find the following: (a) the initial momentum of the bus;
(b) the final momentum of the bus; (c) the change in its momentum;
and (d) the force that produced this change in the momentum.

LAW OF
CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM

COLLISION

Collision is the interaction of two objects. Through collision,

energy from one object can be transferred to the other object. This
allows a change in the object’s motion.

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 TYPES OF COLLISION

ELASTIC COLLISION – the colliding objects rebound without

lasting deformation or the generation of heat. In an elastic collision,
the total momentum and the kinetic energy are the same before and
after the collision.

INELASTIC COLLISION – When objects that are made from

materials that easily deform, collide. There is a great chance that heat
and deformation will occur in the collision. This allows the objects to
stick together and move at the same speed.

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM

Momentum is conserved during collisions. This is because of

Newton’s third law of motion. When objects collide, they apply a force
Where;
that is equal in magnitude and opposite the direction. Thus, the result
will also have equal magnitudes in opposite directions.
In any collision, total momentum before collision = total momentum
after the collision.
For two objects, A and B colliding: total momentum before collision =
momentum of A + momentum of B.
 mA = mass of object A (kg)
 mB = mass of object B (kg)
 uA = inital velocity or velocity of A before the collision (m/s)
 uB = inital velocity or velocity B before the collision (m/s)
 vA = final velocity or velocity of A after the collision (m/s)
 vB = final velocity or velocity B after the collision (m/s)

Sample Problem 1. Elastic Collsion

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To finish a 9-ball game, the cue ball (m= 0.17 kg) moves at a velocity A car with a mass of 200 kg moving at +20 m/s collides with another
of +0.5 m/s to hit the 9-ball (m = 0.15 kg) that is initially at rest. After car with a mass of 220 kg moving at –17 m/s. If the two cars stick
the collision, the cue ball stops. Determine the speed of the 9-ball after together after the collision, at what speed did the cars move?
the collision.

Sample Problem 2. Inelastic Collision

Sample Problem 3. Law of Conservation of Momentum

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Two masses interact through collision. Object A has a mass of 1 kg
and is initially moving at +3 m/s to the right. Object B of mass 2 kg is
initially at rest.

 Calculate the total momentum before the collision, TMBC.

 Calculate the total momentum after the collision, TMAC.
 After the collision, object B now moves at +2 m/s. What is the
velocity of object A after the collision?

MODULE 6: WORK AND ENERGY

WORK

Work is the process of energy transfer to the motion of an

object via the application of a force, often represented as the product of
force and displacement.

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 A force is said to do positive work if (when applied) the force
has a component in the direction of the displacement of the point of
application. A force does negative work if the force has a component
opposite to the direction of the displacement at the point of application
of the force.
 The SI unit of work is the joule (J).
 Work transfers energy from one place to another, or one form
to another.
 When the force F is constant and the angle between the force F
and the displacement d is θ, then the work done is given by
 W = Fdcosθ.
ENERGY
POTENTIAL ENERGY
Potential energy is the capacity of the body to do work because of its
position or configuration. The two most encountered types of
mechanical potential energy are gravitational potential
energy and elastic potential energy.
GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY (GPE)
Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) is acquired by a body by virtue
of the fact that it has lifted vertically against the gravitational force of
the earth's attraction. It can do work because of its position.
Quantitatively, GPE is proportional to the height (h) above some
datum plane.

 Energy is defined as a measure of the capacity or the ability to

do work.
 Energy can come in many forms, but here, we shall focus our
discussion more on mechanical energy.
 The units in which energy is expressed are the same as the
units of work.

FORMS OF ENERGY

The mechanical energy that a body or a system possesses may appear

in either or both of two forms: potential or kinetic energy. Potential
energy is the energy due to the relative motion of the interacting
bodies, while kinetic energy is due to their motion.

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From the definition of work, W = Fd where W is equivalent to the EPE is given by the equation:
GPE, F is the weight (mg), and d is the vertical distance or height (h),
the equation for GPE is:

KINETIC ENERGY

Kinetic energy (KE) is the energy acquired by a body due to its motion
as a result of the external forces acting on it.
ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY (EPE)

Elastic Potential Energy (EPE) is acquired by a body when work is  The work done on the body is represented by: W = Fd
done against elastic forces acting on it. When we stretch a rubber band,
we perform work on it, and it acquires elastic potential energy. Elastic
bodies are those that have the ability to return to their original form
and size after the application of external forces. The spring used in a
clock is an elastic body.

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Since F = ma, W = ma x d where F (ma) is constant during the MODULE 7: WORK, POWER, AND ENERGY
displacement (d).
WORK, POWER, AND ENERGY
If F is not constant...W = Fd.
WORK is said to be done when a force applied to an object moves
Since W is equivalent to KE, F = ma, and from the equation that object.

 We can calculate work by multiplying the force by the

movement of the object.

W=F×d

 The SI unit of work is the joule (J) = N*m = kg*m2/s2.

ENERGY, In physics, we can define energy as the capacity to do

Simplifying the equation, work.

 For the potential energy the formula is P.E. = mgh

 The SI unit of energy is joules (J), which is named in honour of
James Prescott Joule.
And for any speed, POWER can be defined as the rate at which work is done i.e. energy
converted

 The formula for power is: P = Wk/t

 The unit of power is watt (W) = J/s = kg*m2/s3.

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CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

Conservation of energy suggests that the energy of interacting bodies

or particles in a closed system remains the same or constant.

The law of conservation of energy states that the amount of

energy is neither created nor destroyed but can only be transformed
from one form to another.

TE = PE + KE

Where: SAMPLE PROBLEM 1

TE is total energy A man whose mass is 70kg walks up to the fourth floor of a building.
PE is potential energy This is a vertical height of 16m above the ground.

KE is kinetic energy (a) How many joules of work does he do?

(b) If he climbs the stairs in 25 s, what is his rate of work in

watts? In kW?

(c) How much energy is used to perform the work?

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SAMPLE PROBLEM 2

A 1-kg suitcase is lifted to a height of 8 m by a force of 20N and then

let go.

(a) How much PE does the suitcase have at 8m?

(b) How much KE does the suitcase have at 8m?

(c) As the suitcase falls, how much PE does it have at a height of 4m?

(d) How much KE does it possess at the same height (4m)?

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