A Drug Study On

ANALGESICS, ANTI TB, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, INSULIN,

GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS, RESPIRATORY DRUGS

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in NCM 206 

Submitted to: 

Katrina Joyce Mara, RN 

Submitted by: 

Jianne Denise P. Calo 

BSN 2Q

December 3, 2022
 Name of Drug Mechanism of Action Uses Side Effects Adverse Effect Nursing Management
ANALGESIC - ASPIRIN
Analgesic and Treatment for Abdominal or Acute aspirin Assess patient’s
antirheumatic drugs that headache, cold, stomach pain, toxicity – orientation to time and
ASPERGUM
prevent the formation of and sore throat- cramping, or respiratory place as the drug may
prostaglandin, an related aches and burning. alkalosis, cause dizziness and
inflammatory mediator pains as well as hemorrhage, confusion.
Description of the Drug: black, tarry stools.
fever lowering. It tachypnea,
The antipyretic effect of Give drug with food
A non-steroidal anti- can be used to bloody or cloudy confusion,
aspirin is connected with or after meal if GI
inflammatory medication is diminish the urine. asterixis,
its capacity to function upset occurs.
aspergum gum (NSAID). It harmful pulmonary
in the thermoregulatory change in
functions by obstructing a consequences of edema, seizures, Assess skin color and
center of the consciousness.
variety of bodily chemical an acute heart tetany, metabolic presence of lesions as
hypothalamus by
reactions that result in attack and lower chest pain or acidosis, renal this may indicate
preventing endogenous
discomfort, inflammation, and the chance of discomfort. and respiratory hepatotoxicity,
pyrogen by decreasing
fever. Additionally, it lessens mortality. In failure allergy, bleeding, and
the synthesis of confusion.
the tendency for blood clots. some men and other complications.
prostaglandin Aspirin
women who have convulsions, severe
intermediate, according intolerance – Observe patient for
already or continuing.
to pharmacological exacerbation of signs and symptoms
experienced a
studies. dark urine. bronchospasm, of bleeding such as
heart attack or an
rhinitis easy bruising,
Aspirin's antiplatelet ischemic stroke,
it is also used to bleeding in the gums,
properties include the Gastrointestinal:
lower the risk of and nosebleeds.
capacity to prevent the nausea,
formation of future heart dyspepsia, Monitor vital signs.
thromboxame A2, a attacks and heartburn,
strong vasoconstrictor strokes. I epigastric Instruct to avoid OTC
and inducer of platelet discomfort, drugs as many of
aggregation. anorexia, those contain aspirin
hepatotoxicity so serious overdose
can occur.
Hematologic:
occult blood Encourage client to
loss, hemostatic increase oral fluid
defects intake to facilitate
excretion of drug
Hypersensitivity:
anaphylactoid
reactions
toanaphylactic
shock
Salicylism:
dizziness,
tinnitus,
difficulty
hearing, nausea,
vomiting,
diarrhea, mental
confusion
REFERENCES:

Aspergum gum: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings - Drugs.com. (2022.). Drugs.com. Retrieved December 1, 2022, from
https://www.drugs.com/cdi/aspergum-gum.html

Aspergum - Pharmasave. (2021). Pharmasave. Retrieved December 1, 2022, from

https://pharmasave.com/health/medications/aspergum/

ANTI TB DRUGS
 Name of Drug Mechanism of Uses Side Effects Adverse Effects Nursing
Action Management

PYRAZINAMIDE Diffusion of To treat Pain in large Dermatologic: Assessment:

pyrazinamide tuberculosis, and small
Brand Name: Tebrazid into active M. pyrazinamide is joints  Rashes, History:
pyrazinamidase, used with other photosensitivity
an enzyme that drugs (TB). It Loss of
transforms is an antibiotic Allergy to
appetite Gastro Intestinal: pyrazinamide,
pyrazinamide that solely
Description of the Drug: into the active cures bacterial acute hepatic
form pyrazinoic illnesses. It pain and  Hepatotoxcity, disease,
acid, is expressed works by swelling of nausea, vomiting, gout,diabetes
Pyrazinamide is a joints, mellitus, acute
prescription medicine used by TB. Under preventing diarrhea,anorexia
acidic bacterial especially intermittent
to treat the symptoms of big toe, porphyria,
Tuberculosis. Pyrazinamide circumstances, growth. For Hematologic:
protonated viral infections, ankle, and pregnancy.
may be used alone or with knee
other medications. conjugate acid, it is ineffective
which is easily (such as  Sideroblastic Physical:
transported back common cold, tense, hot anemia,
into the bacilli flu). Any skin over thrombocytopenia,
Skin color,
and accumulates antibiotic that affected adverse effects on
lesions, joint
intracellularly, is overused joints clotting
status, TB, liver
can be created may stop mechanism or
evaluation, LFTs,
from pyrazinoic working to treat vascular integrity
unusual serum and urine
acid via a process subsequent tiredness or uric acid levels,
known as illnesses. weakness Other: blood and urine
protonation. glucose, CBC.
yellow eyes  Active gout
or skin Intervention:
 

Administer only
in conjunction
with other anti
tuberculotic.

Advise patient
about
photosensitivity
and to use
sunscreens,
protective
clothing, and
avoid prolonged
sun exposure.
Advise patient to
also report any
rashes or other
skin reactions.

Instruct patient
and
family/caregivers
to report other
troublesome side
effects such as
 severe or
prolonged skin
problems (rash,
acne, itching), GI
problems
(diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, loss of
appetite), or
difficult/painful
urination.

REFERENCES:

Pyrazinamide | Davis’s Drug Guide for Rehabilitation Professionals | F.A. Davis PT Collection | McGraw Hill Medical. (n.d.).
Pyrazinamide | Davis’s Drug Guide for Rehabilitation Professionals | F.A. Davis PT Collection | McGraw Hill Medical. Retrieved
December 1, 2022, from https://fadavispt.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1873&sectionid=139023661
 Name of Drug Mechanism of Uses Side Effects Adverse Effect Nursing Management
Action ANTI- INFLAMMATORY DRUGS

Naproxen Naproxen is used to Water Retention CNS: dizziness, Monitor GI status, Stay
prevents treat a variety of drowsiness, alert for signs and
Ringing In The
arachidonate pains, including headache, symptoms of GI bleeding
Ears
from binding, menstrual cramps, vertigo, light-
In long term use, assess
which inhibits tendinitis, Hives headedness
NAPROXEN SODIUM CBC with white cell
COX-1 and headaches, and
A Skin Rash CV: differential and coagulation
Brand Name: FLANAX COX-2 muscular aches and
palpitations, studies, and monitor for
competitively pains. It also lessens Abnormal Liver
Naproxen sodium is included in the tachycardia visual and hearing
and has the discomfort, Function Tests
Flanax Pain Reliever Tablets. A non- impairment
analgesic and bruising, and EENT: visual
steroidal anti-inflammatory medicine anti- stiffness in the joints Constipation disturbances, Monitor cardiovascular
is naproxen (NSAID). It is used to inflammatory brought on by gout, tinnitus, status for tachycardia,
Drowsiness
treat a variety of mild aches and effects. bursitis, and arthritis. auditory palpitations, and edema
pains, including toothache, backache, Dizziness
and headache. Additionally, Flanax GI: nausea, Monitor blood glucose
Headache diarrhea ,consti level closely on diabetic
Discomfort Reliever Tablets can be
used to treat certain arthritic Nausea pation, patient.
symptoms, menstrual cramps, and heartburn,
Heartburn Take drug with food or
pain brought on by the common cold. abdominal pain,
meals if GI upset occurs;
Large Purple Or stomatitis,
take only the prescribed
Brown Skin GI BLEEDING dosage.
Blotches
SKIN: Dizziness, drowsiness can
Blurred Vision rash ,proritus, occur (avoid driving or the
A Change In skin use of dangerous
Vision eruptions ,sweat machinery).
ing ,photosensiti
vity
 Bleeding OETHERS:
thirst , edema,
Bruising Under
The Skin Allergic
reactions,
Excessive Thirst
including
Bruising anaphylaxis

Reference
Brutzkus, J. C., Shahrokhi, M., & Varacallo, M. (2022, September 4). Naproxen - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. Naproxen - StatPearls - NCBI
Bookshelf. Retrieved December 1, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525965/#:~:text=Go%20to%3A-,Mechanism%20of
%20Action,analgesic%20and%20anti%2Dinflammatory%20effects.
Name of Drug Mechanism of Action Uses Side Effects Adverse Nursing
INSULIN – GLIMEPIRIDE Effects Management

Lower
GLIMIPIRIDE Glimepiride low blood CNS:
helps sugar dizziness, •Lab Test
Brand Name: AMARYL persons (hypoglycemia asthenia, Consideration
s: Monitor
blood
with type 2 ). Symptoms headache.
Description of the Drug: diabetes may include: GI: nausea. serum glucose
manage trembling or Metabolic: and
Glimepiride is used to treat glycosylated
glucose by
their high shaking hypoglycemi
type 2 diabetes-related blood sugar nervousness or a, Hgb
elevated blood sugar levels. It levels in anxiety dilutional periodically
can be used either on its own during therapy
stimulating
conjunction irritability hyponatremia
or in conjunction with other with a sweating . •May cause an
oral medications like healthy diet lightheadednes Respiratory: increase in
metformin or insulin. In type AST, LDH,
release of
and exercise s or dizziness flulike
2 diabetes, the pancreas's regimen. headache symptoms. BUN, and
insulin is unable to deliver Along with fast heart rate serum
sugar to the body's cells, Hypoglycemi creatinine
insulin
other or palpitations
where it can function diabetic intense hunger a
correctly. When blood sugar drugs, it can fatigue or Aplastic Patient
levels are too high, taking this Anemia Teaching:

from
be utilized. tiredness
medication can help reduce Keeping headache (Body stops •Instruct
them and improve how your blood sugar nausea producing patient to take
body converts food into RBC) medication to

pancreas
levels under dizziness
energy. control weakness take
helps avoid unexplained Erythema medication at
Multiforme same time

and
kidney weight gain
disease, (Skin each day.
blindness, Eruption) Take missed
doses as soon

increasing
nerve
damage, as
limb loss, remembered
and issues unless almost
sensitivity
with sexual time for next
function. dose. Do not
Your take if unable

at receptor
chance of to eat
having a •Explain to
heart attack patient that

sites. May
or stroke medication
may be controls
reduced if hyperglycemi

decrease
your a but does not
diabetes is cure diabetes.
well •Encourage

hepatic
controlled. patient to
Glimepiride follow
is a member prescribed

glucose
of the diet,
sulfonylurea medication,
s and exercise

production
medication regimen.
class. It •Advise
triggers the patient to
Lower blood glucose by release of notify
stimulating release of insulin your body's healthcare
from pancreas and increasing own insulin, professional
sensitivity at receptor sites. May which promptly of
decrease hepatic glucose reduces unusual
production blood sugar. weight gain,
swelling of
ankles,
drowsiness,
SOB, muscle
cramps,
weakness,
sore throat,
rash, or
unusual
bruising or
bleeding
occurs.
Name of Drug Mechanism of Uses Side Effects
GASTROINTESTINALAdverse Effects Nursing Management
Action DRUGS

LANZOPRAZOLE Belonging to a A proton severe CNS: dizziness, headache. Assessment

group of pump stomach pain,
Brand Name: antisecretory inhibitor diarrhea that GI: CLOSTRIDIUM  Assess patient
PREVACID substances called is watery or DIFFICILEASSOCIATEDDIARRHE routinely for
called lansoprazol bloody; A (CDAD), diarrhea, abdominal pain, epigastric or
substituted e is used to nausea. abdominal
Description of the Drug: benzimidazoles treat and new or pain and for
, which prevent unusual pain frank or occult
Prevacid is a prescription specifically stomach Derm: rash. F and E:
in your wrist, hypomagnesemia(especially if blood in stool,
drug used to treat the block the and back, hip, or treatment duration _3 mo). emesis, or
signs and symptoms of (H+,K+)- intestinal thigh; gastric
stomach and intestinal ATPase ulcers, aspirate.
ulcers as well as to lessen enzyme system erosive GU: acute interstitial nephritis.
a seizure  Monitor bowel
the quantity of stomach at the secretory esophagitis
(convulsions) function.
acid generated. You can surface of the (esophageal Hemat: vitamin B12 deficiency.
; Diarrhea,
use Prevacid by itself or gastric parietal damage abdominal
in combination with cell to decrease caused by MS: bone fractur cramping,
other drugs. stomach acid stomach kidney
fever, and
production. acid), and problems--
bloody stools
other fever, nausea,
should be
disorders little or no
reported to
including urination,
health care
Zollinger- blood in your
professional
Ellison urine,
promptly as a
syndrome swelling,
sign of
that involve rapid weight
Clostridium
excessive gain;
difficile-
stomach associated
acid. low
 diarrhea
Prevacid magnesium-- (CDAD). May
OTC, an dizziness, begin up to
over-the- fast or several weeks
counter irregular following
medication heart rate, cessation of
for treating tremors therapy
regular (shaking) or  Lab Test
heartburn jerking Considerations
that occurs muscle : May cause
two or more movements, abnormal liver
days a feeling function tests,
week, is jittery, including
used to treat muscle increase AST,
this cramps, ALT, alkaline
condition. muscle phosphatase,
spasms in LDH, and
your hands bilirubin.
and feet,  May cause
cough or increase serum
choking creatinine and
feeling; or decrease
electrolyte
levels.
new or
worsening  May alter
symptoms of RBC, WBC,
lupus--joint and platelet
pain, and a levels
skin rash on  May also
your cheeks cause increase
or arms that gastrin levels,
worsens in abnormal A/G
sunlight. ratio,
 hyperlipidemia
, increase and
decrease
cholestero

REFERENCES:
 RESPIRATORY DRUGS

Name of the Drug Mechanism of Action Uses Side Effects Adverse Nursing
Effects Management

LORATADINE Since histamine This drug is an Frequent (12% - None Baseline

release is a significant antihistamine that 8%): Headache, significant assessment:
Brand Name: CLARITIN contributing factor to relieves hay fever and fatigue, drowsiness
allergic rhinitis and other allergy Assess lung
urticaria, loratadine symptoms like Occasional (3%): sounds for
Description of the Drug: works by specifically itchiness, runny nose, Dry mouth, nose, wheezing, skin
blocking H1 histamine watery eyes, and throat for urticaria,
The drug loratadine is used to receptors. sneezing. It is further other allergy
treat allergies and is marketed employed to soothe symptoms
under the brand names Claritin hive irritation. No Rare:
Loratadine binds to Photosensitivity
and others. This includes hives H1 histamine major allergic
and allergic rhinitis. As response may be For upper
receptors, which are respiratory
loratadine/pseudoephedrine, it is found on the surface prevented or treated
also offered in conjunction with with loratadine allergies,
of various cell types, increase fluids
the decongestant including epithelial (anaphylaxis). Carry
pseudoephedrine. It's taken orally. to decrease
cells, endothelial cells, your epinephrine viscosity of
eosinophils, injector at all times if
your doctor has secretions, offset
neutrophils, airway thirst, replenish
cells, and vascular prescribed it to treat
loss of fluids
smooth muscle cells.7 allergic reactions. from increased
H1 histamine diaphoresis
receptors are part of
the larger class of G-
protein coupled Monitor
receptors and are in an symptoms for
therapeutic
 equilibrium between response.
the active and inactive
forms.78 Histamine Patient / Family
binding to the H1- teaching:
receptor promotes
Drink plenty of
water (may
cause dry
mouth)

Avoid alcohol

Avoid tasks that

require
alertness, motor
skills until
response to drug
established (may
cause
drowsiness).

May cause
photosensitivity
reactions (avoid
direct exposure
to sunlight).

REFERENCES:

Kizior, J., & Hodgson, J. (2019). Saunders Nursing Drug Handbook 2019.