ISSN: 2455-2631 © June 2018 IJSDR | Volume 3, Issue 6

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+4

COMMERCIAL BUILDING USING ETABS
1
Chandrakala V B, 2Bindu K S, 3Chethan kishore R, 4Pramod S Shekar, 5Sharath M Y
1
UG scholar, 2UG scholar, 3UG scholar, 4UG scholar, 5Assistant professor
Department of civil engineering,
Rajeev institute of technology, Hassan, India

Abstract: In the world of technology and evolution, the field of civil engineering has also grown in various dimensions. Earlier
the analysis and sustainability of the civil structures used to be paper based calculations which led to insufficient accuracy
of analysis and variable factors affecting the failure of the structure through inevitable instances. But with the help of
integration of various engineering fields, this determination of various characteristic changes, durability, deformation or
failure caused due to hidden factors which are left out in the manual calculations i.e. paper based have converted and led
this system to whole new level. Now a number of software is developed for analysis, computation and management of
building of civil structures which are highly precise. This document provides the various uses, merits of the software E-Tabs
in the construction field and in the analysis of the concrete structures. ETABS stands for Extended Three Dimensional
Analysis of Building Systems. As said earlier the main purpose of this software is to design multi-storeyed building in a
systematic process. The effective design and construction of the structures have great importance all over the world. This
project presents analysis and design of multi-storeyed commercial building using ETABS. This project is designed as per
INDIAN CODES- IS 1893:2002 Part (2), IS 456:2000.

Keywords: E tabs, Displacement, P-delta

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I. INTRODUCTION
The term building in Civil Engineering is used to mean a structure having various components like foundation, walls,
columns, floors, roofs, doors, windows, ventilators, stairs lifts, various types of surface finishes etc. Structural analysis and design
is used to produce a structure capable of resisting all applied loads without failure during its intended life. Prior to the analysis and
design of any structure, necessary information regarding supporting soil has to be collected by means of geotechnical investigation.
A geotechnical site investigation is the process of collecting information and evaluating the conditions of the site for the purpose
of designing and constructing the foundation for a structure. Structural engineers are facing the challenges of striving for most
efficient and economical design with accuracy in solution while ensuring that the final design of a building and the building must
be serviceable for its intended function over its design life time.
ETABS is an engineering software product that caters to multi-story building analysis and design. Modelling tools and
templates, code-based load prescriptions, analysis methods and solution techniques, all coordinate with the grid-like geometry
unique to this class of structure. Basic or advanced systems under static or dynamic conditions may be evaluated using TABS. For
a sophisticated assessment of seismic performance, modal and direct-integration time-history Analyses may couple with P-Delta
and Large Displacement effects. Nonlinear links and concentrated PMM or fibre hinges may capture material nonlinearity under
monotonic or hysteretic behaviour. Intuitive and integrated features make applications of any complexity practical to implement.
All the drawing and detailing works of structures are done by making use of AutoCAD 2013, developed by M/s.
AUTODESK, USA. As such, this is the pioneering software in CAD. AutoCAD is a vector graphics drawing program. It uses
primitive entities such as lines, poly-lines, circles, arcs and text as the foundation for more complex objects.
AutoCAD’s native file format, DWG, and to a lesser extent, its interchange file format, DXF has become the standards for
interchange of CAD data.

2. OBJECTIVES
 The main objective of this study is to analyze and design G+ 4 commercial building using ETABS software.
 To design structural components like beam and column manually.
 Comparison of results obtained from ETABS software with a manual method.

3. METHEDOLOGY
To achieve the objectives of the study that is to analyze and design commercial building using ETABS and by manual method,
which meets the basic requirements such as safety, durability, economy, aesthetic appearance, feasibility, practicability and
acceptability. It has been proposed to follow the following methodology

 Structural planning
 Analysis and design in ETABS
 Verification by manual method

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Surveying is a basic tool for a Civil engineering science. Before any civil engineering work has to start, surveying has to be done
and then we must prepare a plan or map of the area showing topographical details related to design of structure etc.

4. Present Study
The present study is to analyze and design a G+4 storey commercial building located at Bommanayakanahalli, BM bypass road,
Hassan.

5. Plan Details:
A 9m in X direction and 17.2m in Y direction and a 5 story building is modeled using ETAB Software. The height of each story is
kept as 3 m in the structure with the total height of the structure as 15 m. Analysis and design of the structure is done and then the
result generated by this software is compared manually and a conclusion is drawn from them.

Plan in Etabs

3D view of the structure

6. Calculation of Loads
 Main wall load: (Commencing above plinth area to below the Roof) should be the area of the cross sectional wall multiplied by
unit weight of the masonry. (Unit weight of is masonry taken as 21.2 kN/m 2). Usually understanding concept of the plinth load
to the IS-code be supposed to be partially of the main wall load. Internal plinth load should be half of the plinth load.
 Floor finish load: Floor load is a live load acting on the floor in a building, which taken as1 kN/m 2.
 Live load: Live load is functional all over the burnt brick masonry structure with the exception of plinth. Usually Live load
varies according to the types of structure. For commercial buildings like hotels the live load can be taken directly from IS
875:1987(part 2)

Live load
Bedroom =2kN/m2
Passage =3kN/m2
Staircase =3kN/m2
Dainig hall =3kN/m2
Reception =2.5kN/m2
Store room =5kN/m2

Calculation of Wall load,

Wall load = Thickness of wall X Height of wall X Density of masonry
= 0.23 X 3 X 21.20
= 14.63kN/m2
Calculation of parapet load
Parapet load =Thickness of parapet wall X Height of parapet wall X Density of mesonry
= 0.23 X 1 X 21.20
= 4.24 kN/m2

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7. ANALYSIS RESULT

3D view showing deformation of the model after analysis

Fig 7.2: Graph showing displacement, mm

Fig 7.1: Maximum bending moment and shear force

From above graph,

Maximum displacement of the structure= 12mm
According to IS 1893 – 2002 maximum allowable displacement in any structure is 0.004 times the height of the structure,
Height of the structure= 15m
Therefore,
Maximum allowable displacement= .004*15
= 60mm
In the present condition maximum possible displacement according to codal provision is 60mm. Displacement in the structure is
within the permissible limit.
Particulars Moments (kNm)
Particulars Area of steel, Ast (mm²)
Support section of beam B19 55.05
Support section of beam B19 604
Midspan section of beam B19 38.39
Midspan section of beam B19 452
Top section of Column C11 55.05
Column C11 3535
Bottom section of Column C11 26.48

Table 7.1 Area of steel obtained from ETABS Table 7.2: Moments obtained from ETABS

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8. DESIGN DETAILS
8.1Design of slab

Fig 8.1 Slabs to be designed

Slab 1
Ly = 1.2 m, Lx = 4 m
=> Lx/Ly = 3.33
Therefore, as it is greater than 2, it is a one way continuous slab

Slab 2
Ly = 3.4 m, Lx = 4 m
=> Lx/Ly = 1.17
Therefore, as it is less than 2, it is a two way continuous slab

Calculation of UDL acting on beam

Using yield line theory,

Dead weight of the slab= Thickness of slab X Density of concrete
= 0 .15 X 25
= 3.75kN/m2
Live load on two way slab = 5kN/m2
Floor finish = 1kN/m2
Total load on two way slab = 3.75+5+1
W1 = 9.75kN/m2
Factored load= 1.5 X w
W1= 1.5 X 9.75
W1= 14.625kN/m2
Live load on one way slab= 3kN/m2
Total load on one way slab= 3.75+3+1
w2 = 7.75kN/m2
Factored load= 1.5 X w2
W2 = 1.5 X 7.75
W2 = 11.625kN/m2
One trapezoidal load from two way slab and one rectangular load from one way slab is acting on the beam.
Trapezoidal load from two way slab,
W=W*Ly/2[1-1/2*a]
Where,
Wt = Trapezoidal load
W = Factored load
Ly = Min. dimension of slab
a = Lx/Ly
= 4/3.4
= 1.176
Wt = 14.625*3.4/2[1-1/2*1.176]

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= 14.29kN/m= 16kN/m
Rectangular load from one way slab,
Wr = W*Ly/2
= 11.625*1.2/2
Wr = 6.975kN/m

Total load transferred on beam = Wt+ Wr/2 + dead weight of Beam

Dead weight of Beam = Width of beam X Depth of Beam X Density of concrete

= 0.23 X 0.3 X 25
= 1.725kN/m
Ultimate dead weight = 1.725 X 1.5 = 2.587 kN/m
Total load = 16 + 9/2 + 3
= 23.5kN/m = 24kN/m

Total UDL acting on beam = load from slab + ultimate wall load

Ultimate wall load = 15 X 1.5

= 22.5kN/m= 23kN/m
Total UDL on beam = 24 + 23
= 47kN/m
MFBC = -Wl²/12 = -47x4²/12 = -70.1kNm
MFCB= + Wl²/12 = +70.1kNm

By Kani’s method,

Final moments
MAB = MF+2M’AB+M’BA = 0+2*0+26
MAB = 26 kNm
MBA= 0+2*26+0 = 52kNm
MBA = 53 kNm
MBC = -53kNm
MCB = 53 kNm
MCD = -53kNm
MDC = -26.5kNm

Maximum bending moment

M(max)= Wl²/8
= 47x4²/8 = 94 kNm
8.2 Final values
1) Beam
b = 230 mm, D = 300 mm
Wu= 47 kN/m,
Mu@support = 53 kNm
Mu@mid = 37 kNm

2) Column
b = 230 mm
D = 300 mm
Mu = 53 kNm
Load on column = Beam reaction
= Wul/2 = 47*4/2 = 94kN

8.3 Design of beam

8.3.1 Design of support c/s

It is designed as rectangular beam

Mu(support) = 53 kNm
b = bw = 230mm
d = 250 mm (cover = 50 mm)
Mu = 0.87*fy*Ast*d(1-Ast*fy/b*d*fck)
Ast = 607.6 mm²

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Assume dia of bars =12 mm

No of bars = 607.6/πx12²/4 = 5.37
=6
Ast(provided) = 6*π*20²/4
Ast = 678.58 mm²

8.3.2 Design of mid-span c/s

It is designed as T-beam (b=bf)

Effective flange width (Pg. 37, IS 456:2000)
bf = lo/6+bw+6Df
lo=0.7le = 0.7*4 = 3.6 m
bf = 3600/6+230+6x150
bf = 1730 mm

Area of steel
Mu(mid) = 0.87*fy*Ast*dx(1-Ast*fy/bf*d*fck)
40x106 = 0.87*415*Ast*250*(1-Ast*415/1730*250*30)
Ast = 449.61mm2

Assume dia of bar as 12 mm

No of bars = 449.61/π*12²/4 = 3.97 = 4
Ast(provided) = 4*π*12²/4 = 452.39 mm²
Ast = 452.39 mm²

8.4 Design of column

Pu = 1429.32 kN (Support reaction)

Mu = 53 kNm
d’ = 50 mm
Ratio d’/D = 50/300 = 0.166=0.2

From chart 46 (SP16)

Pu/fck*bD = 1429.32*10³/30*230*300 = 0.69
Mu/fck*bD²=53*106/30*230*300² = 0.086

From chart, Pt/fck = 0.16

Pt = 0.16*30 = 4.8%
Area of steel, Asc = Pt/100*(bD)
= 4.8/100 * (300*230)
= 3312 mm²

Assume dia of bar as 25 mm

No of bars = 3312/π*26²/4 = 6.23 = 7
Ast= 7*π*26²/4 = 3716.5 mm²

Asc = 3716.5 mm²

Particulars Moments
(kNm)
Particulars Area of steel Ast
(mm²) Support section of beam B19 53

Support section of beam B19 678.58 Midspan section of beam B19 41

Midspan section of beam B19 452.39 Top section of Column C11 53

Column C11 3716.5 Bottom section of Column C11 26

Table 8.1: Area of steel obtained from Manual calculation Table 8.2: Moments obtained from Manual calculation

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9. Comparison of results
Particulars ETABS Manual Percentage Particulars ETABS Manual Percentage
results for results for variation of results for results for variation of
Ast (mm²) Ast (mm²) Ast (%) Moments Moments Moments
(kNm) (kNm) (%)

Support section 55.05 53 3.72

Support section 604 678.58 10.54 of beam B19
of beam B19
Midspan section 38.39 41 6.36
Midspan section 452 452.39 0.086 of beam B19
of beam B19
Top section of 55.05 53 3.72
Column C11 3535 3716.5 4.88 Column C11

Bottom section 26.48 26 1.81

Table 9.1: Comparison of results of Ast of Column C11

Table 9.2: Comparison of results of Moments

10. CONCLUSION

The design and analysis of the multistoried building is carried out by ETABS software and the same is carried out for a portal
frame of the structure by manual calculation. The analysis of the structure is carried out manually with the help of Kani’s Method
and the design is carried out by Limit State Method. The following results are obtained from ETABS software and manual
calculation

 Maximum Bending Moment and Shear Force from ETABS due to loading condition is 55.04kN-m and 87.89kN respectively (critical
section) where as in the manual calculation maximum bending moment and shear force is 53kN-m and 94kN respectively.
 Area of steel in beam from ETABS is 604mm2 at supports and 452mm2 at mid span where as from manual calculation 678.58mm2
at support and 452.39mm2
 Maximum displacement is 12mm along X direction and 2.4mm along Y direction. According to IS 1893 – 2002 maximum
allowable displacement in any structure is 0.004times the height of the structure, The present condition maximum possible
displacement according to codal provision is 60mm. Displacement in the structure is within the permissible limit.
10.ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We would like to thank our guide Mr. Sharath M Y, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Rajeev Institute of
Technology, Hassan. It is because of his constant guidance and motivation, that this seminar work took shape.

REFERENCES

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International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 3 Issue 5, ISSN: 2278-0181

[3] Chandrashekar and Rajashekar (2015), “Analysis and Design of Multi Storied Building by Using ETABS Software”,
International journals of scientific and research vol.4: issue.7: ISSN no. 2277-8179.

[4] Balaji and Selvarasan (2016), “Design and Analysis of multi-storeyed building under static and dynamic loading conditions
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[5] Geethu S N, Depthi M, Abdul Nasir N A and Izzudeen K M(2016) “Comparative study on design and analysis of multi storied
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[6] Mohith Y S, (2017) “Analysis and design of commercial building using Etabs” International Research Journal of Engineering
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[7] IS875:1987 part (2) for load combinations and IS456:2000 for design of structures.

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