Karnataka Reddy Jana Sangha®

VEMANA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)
Koramangala, Bengaluru-560034

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the mini project work entitled “AUTOMATED WATER TANK FILLING
SYSTEM”, is carried out by ASHOK B V (1VI19EC011), DEEPAK G (1VI19EC034),
DILIP KUMAR M (1VI19EC039), and HARSHITH S (1VI19EC057)
in partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering degree in Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU),Belagavi
during the academic year 2021-2022.
The mini project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in
respect of the project work prescribed for the said degree.

Guide Head of the Department Principal

(Dr Suneeta) (Dr. Chandra Shekar S M ) (Dr. Vijayasimha Reddy B G)

External Viva

Name of the Examiners Signature with date

1.

2.
 ABSTRACT
The automated water tank filling system where in this project the water tanks will be
filled automatically based on the inputs given by the ultrasonic sensors. Ultrasonic
sensors are placed inside the tanks on the upper side. Ultrasonic sensor works basis
of distance parameter. In which when the water level comes below the specified water
level it’s respected valve will be opened and tank will be filled automatically. When
the water level reaches the top level as specified by the user, the respected valve will
beclosed. Then it checks for another tank water level. If the water level is less than
the specified level, the respected valve will opened and the water will be filled up to
certain level as specified. If both the tanks are filled motor will be turned off and
valves will be closed.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We sincerely thank Visvesvaraya Technology University (VTU) for providing a platform
to do the project work.

We express our sincere thanks to Dr. Vijayasimha Reddy B G, Principal, Vemana

Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, for providing necessary facilities and motivation to
carry out project work successfully.

We express heartfelt gratitude and humble thanks to Dr. Chandra Shekar S M, HoD, ECE,
Vemana Institute of Technology, for his constant encouragement, inspiration and help to
carry out project work successfully.

We would like to express our sincere gratitude towards our internal guide Dr. Suneeta,
Associate Professor for providing encouragement and inspiration for this work.

We thank project coordinators Dr. Sunil H and Dr. Harshada J Patil for their cooperation
and support during the project work.

We are thankful to all the teaching and non-teaching staff members of Electronics &
Communication Engineering department for their help and needed support rendered
throughout the work.

ASHOK B V (1VI19EC011)
DEEPAK G (1VI19EC034)
DILIP KUMAR M (1VI19EC039)
HARSHITH S (1VI19EC057)

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 CONTENTS

CHAPTER NAME Page No.

ABSTRACT i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii

CONTENTS iii

LIST OF FIGURES iv

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE SURVEY 3

DESIGN METHODOLOGY 5
CHAPTER 3

CHAPTER 4 DESIGN IMPLIMENTAION 14

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION 23

REFERENCES
24

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No Figure Caption Page No.

3.1 Block Diagram of Automated Water Tank 5

Filling System
3.1.1.1 Raspberry Pi 6

3.1.1.2 Pin Diagram of Raspberry Pi 7

3.1.2 Ultrasonic Sensors 10

3.1.3 Solenoid Valve 12

3.1.4 Submersible Water Pump 13
4.1.1 Raspberry Pi 14
4.1.2.1 Working of Ultrasonic Sensor 16
4.1.2.2 Waves of Ultrasonic Sensor 17
4.1.3 Working Operation of Solenoid Valve 18
4.2.2.1 Installing Thonny IDE 20
4.2.2.2 Approving Permission for Thonny IDE 20
4.2.2.3 Interface Thonny IDE 21
4.2.2.4 Editor Window 21
4.2.2.5 Thonny IDE Interface 22

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AUTOMATED WATER TANK FILLING SYSTEM

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION
Water is the most important natural resources in human’s life. Our world and community
are facing excessive water usage either for domestic or commercial purposes and it is a
serious issue, which affects the sustainability of our environment. Water shortages or
scarcity may be caused by the current climate change, such as altered weather-patterns
(including droughts or floods), increased pollution, and increased human demand and
overuse of water. As water is one of the scarce natural resources, it is important to properly
use and manage our usage in different sectors.
Sustainability of available water resource in many reasons of the word is now a dominant
issue. This problem is quietly related to poor water allocation, inefficient use, and lack of
adequate and integrated water management.
Therefore, efficient use and water monitoring are potential constraint for home or office
water management system. Last few decades several monitoring systems integrated with
water level detection have become accepted. Measuring water level is an essential task for
government and residence perspective. In this way, it would be possible to track the actual
implementation of such initiatives with integration of various controlling activities.
Therefore, water controlling system implementation makes potential significance in home
applications. The existing automated method of level detection is described and that can be
used to make a device on/off. Moreover, the common method of level control for home
appliance is simply to start the feed pump at a low level and allow it to run until a higher
water level is reached in the water tank. This is not properly supported for adequate
controlling system.
Computer based control system can be used for controlling the exploitation of water.
Modern control system can be implemented for water overflow. An efficient use of one
resource will help in efficient use of other resources. An efficient computer based controlled
electronic system can help in automatic controlling of water pumps which can be used in
agricultural field and watering plants as well. Above all, this system can also be used in
daily life in monitoring the water tank and control the quantity of water by using level
measuring device in the tank or any storage container

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1.1 Aim and Objective

The aim and objectives are as follows:
1.1.1 Aim
The main aim of this project is to conserver the water during the refillment of the overhead
tanks and to maintain water level in multiple tanks.
1.1.2 Objective
The objectives defined for the proposed automatic water level system are:
 To conserve the water
 To prevent the majority wastage of water during the refiling of water tank
 To automate the switching operation of a pump or motor
 To maintain the required water in the tank.

1.2 Scope
The basic principle of the project is to control the outputs by considering the situation of its
inputs. Moreover, it’s related to fluid management system which keeps the fluid level
within normal limits by starting and stopping the feeding pumps. Thus, this project can be
implemented in chemical and food processing industries where we encounter mostly with
fluid filling system.
Despite industries, this project can also be implemented in building management system to
fulfill the requirements of water consumption. More advance features can be added with a
little modification or addition in the program e.g. calculation of run time and maintenance
hours for each pump and accumulated volume of the water consumed. This all leads to the
best management of energy and resources with high flexibility and reliability for the
operators.
1.3 Problem Definition
The water conservation is been important aspect of today daily basis where this project is
dealing with, “Tofill the multiple water tank using single water pump based on priority”.
Automatic water tank filling system is used to refill the overhead tanks which is placed at
different heights this can be regulated with the help of raspberry pi-3B and also reduces the
overflow of water.

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Chapter 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
Here discuss about the information found by study and research that is critical and have
an important value in the contribution of the whole project. It also gives some basic
knowledge or theoretical base and is used as a foundation to successfully achieve the
main objectives. Most of the literatures are from the related articles, journals, books and
previous works of the same fields. These literatures are then compiled and used as
guidance to the work of this project.

2.1 Beza Negash Getu, Hussain A. Attia, “Automatic Water Level Sensor and
Controller System”-
In this paper, found the design of a water level sensor device that is able to detect and
control the level of water in a certain water tank or a similar water storage system. The
system firstly senses the amount of water available in the tank by the level detector part and
then adjusts the state of the water pump in accordance to the water level information. This
electronic design achieves automation through sequential logic implemented using a flip
flop. A seven-segment display and a relay-based motor pump driving circuit are part of this
integrated design. The water pump automatically turns on and starts filling the tank when
the water level is empty or level ONE and turned-off and stop filling the tank when water
level reaches maximum-level NINE; furthermore, the water pump will remain in its
standstill state from level EIGHT down to TWO when the level is decreasing due to water
consumption.

2.2 Md. Raquibul Hasan, Talat Mahmud, G.M Khairul Islam, Md. Akram Hossain,
“Design of Automatic Water Level Controlling System”-
In this paper, the shortage and wastage of water in multistoried building is a common
problem. In many houses there is unnecessary wastage of water due to overflow in
overhead tanks. To prevent this kind of situations they have designed a system that would
automatically pump water from the reservoir to the tank whenever there is less water in it.
The operation of water level controller works upon the fact that water conducts
electricity. So, water can be used to open or close a circuit. As the water level rises or falls,
different circuits in the controller send different signals. These signals are used to switch
ON or switch OFF the motor pump as per the requirements.

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2.3 M. S. Godwin Premi and Jyotirupa Malakar, “Automatic Water Tank Level and
Pump Control System”-
In this paper, an automatic water tank level and pumps control system is used to manage
the water pump according to the presence of the water in the storage system. Scarcity of
water is one of the biggest issues revolving across the globe and water crisis is reaching the
alarming level day by day. So, water conservation in one or the other way is gaining a
significant importance. Mostly, now a days in urban as well as in rural areas water tank
system is available. The biggest disadvantage of this system is the overflow of water from
overhead tank and overrunning of water pump. Hence, in this work, it is tried to design an
automatic water tank level and pump control system, which ensures several benefits. The
sensor devices used in our system detects and controls the water level in the overhead tank
and even in the pump. As per the level of water present in the overhead tank, the sensor
senses the levels and sends different signals to the Arduino and the signals are used for
switching ON and OFF the motor pump as per requirements. The Arduino will control the
pump by preventing it from dry running. A buzzer is attached to the circuit, which will ring
when the water reaches the critical level in the overhead tank.

2.4 S. M. Khaled Reza, Shah Ahsanuzzaman Md. Tariq, S.M. Mohsin Reza,
“Microcontroller Based Automated Water Level Sensing and Controlling: Design and
Implementation Issue”-
In this paper- they have introduced the motion of water level monitoring and management
within the context of electrical conductivity of the water. More specifically, we
investigate the microcontroller-based water level sensing and controlling in a wired and
wireless environment. Water Level management approach would help in reducing the
home power consumption and as well as water overflow. Furthermore, it can indicate the
amount of water in the tank that can support Global Water types including cellular data
loggers, satellite data transmission systems for remote water monitoring system.
Moreover, cellular phones with relative high computation power and high-quality
graphical user interface became available recently. From the user’s perspective it is
required to reuse such valuable resource in a mobile application. Finally, they have
proposed a web and cellular based monitoringservice protocol would determine and senses
water level globally.

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AUTOMATED WATER TANK FILLING SYSTEM

Chapter 3

DESIGN METHODOLOGY

Figure 3.1: Block diagram of automated water tank filling

system.

The figure 3.1 represents the block diagram of proposed system and briefs out the
automated water tank filling system. It consists of Raspberry Pi- 3, ultrasonic sensors,
submergible water pump and DC solenoid valves where the sensors are triggered based on
the depth of the water level in the tank where the sensors serve input to the raspberry pi
which intern have control on the action of opening and closing of the water pump and
valves.

3.1 COMPONENTS:
Rover consists of following parts:
1. Raspberry Pi 3B+
2. Ultrasonic sensor
3. DC solenoid valve – HR2
4. Submergible water pump
5. Power supply

3.1.1 Raspberry Pi 3B+: -

R-Pi 3 B+ is a single-board computer. But it has a fast and power-efficient 1.4 GHz
processor (1.2GHz in model B) and a faster gigabit Ethernet (it’s limited to 300 Mbit/s by
the internal USB 2.0 connection) or dual-channel 2.4 / 5 GHz 802.11ac Wi-Fi (100 Mbit/s).

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AUTOMATED WATER TANK FILLING SYSTEM

Figure 3.1.1.1: Raspberry pi

Processor: The BCM2837B0 processor is the main component of this tiny board that helps
in carrying out a large set of instructions based on mathematical and logical formulas.
BCM2837B0 is a 1.4GHz 64bit ARM quad-core Cortex A53 processor.

RAM: RAM used in R-Pi 3 B+ is 1GB LPDDR2 SDRAM (similar to the previous version)

GPU: It stands for graphics processing unit and is used for performing out the image
calculation. The GPU uses OpenGL ES version 2.0, hardware-accelerated OpenVG API,
and 1080p30 H.264 high-profile decode. It can provide up to 1Gpixel/s, 1.5Gtexel/s, or 24
GFLOPs of a general-purpose computer.

USB Ports: Similar to model B, model B+ also consists of 4 USB ports. Thus, removing
the hassle of connecting the USB hub in order to increase the ports.

Micro USB Power Source Connector: This connector is used for delivering 5V power to
the board. It consumes approx. 170 to 200mA more power than model B. The power
connector is also repositioned in the new B+ model and placed next to the HDMI socket.

HDMI and Composite Connection: Both the audio output socket and the video composite
socket reside in a single 4-pole 3.5mm socket which is placed near the HDMI port, and

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AUTOMATED WATER TANK FILLING SYSTEM

now all the power and audio-video composite socket are placed on the one side of the board
which gives it a clean and nice look.

USB Hard Drive: The board is capable of using an external USB hard drive.

PoE: B+ model comes with a facility of Power over Ethernet (PoE); a new feature added
in this device which allows us to power the board using the ethernet cables.

The pin diagram is given as:

Figure 3.1.1.2: Pin diagram of raspberry pi

Raspberry Pi 3 B+ Power Pins:

The model B+ board consists of two 5V pins, two 3V3 pins, and 9 Ground pins (0V), which
are unconfigurable.
5V: The 5v pins are used to directly deliver the 5v supply coming from the mains adaptor.
This pin can use to power up the Raspberry Pi, and it can also use to power up other 5v
devices.
3.3 V: The 3v pin is used to provide a stable 3.3v supply to external components and also
to test LEDs.
GND: Ground is commonly referred to as GND. All the voltages are measured with respect
to the GND voltage.
Input/Outputs pins:
A GPIO pin set as Input reads the signal received by the Raspberry Pi, sent by the device
connected to this pin. Any voltage between 1.8V and 3.3V is read as HIGH and voltage
lower than 1.8V as LOW by the Raspberry Pi. A GPIO pin set as an output pin sends the
voltage signal as high (3.3V) or low (0V). When this pin is set to HIGH, the voltage at the
output is 3.3V and when set to LOW, the output voltage is 0V.

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Some specific pins are:

PWM (pulse-width modulation) Pins on Model 3B+:

• Software PWM is available on all pins

• Hardware PWM is available on these pins only: GPIO12, GPIO13, GPIO18,

GPIO19
SPI Pins on Model 3B+:

• 5 pins are needed for the SPI communication:

• GND: Connect all GND pins from all the slave components and the Raspberry Pi 3
board together.

• SCLK: Clock of the SPI. Connect all SCLK pins.

• MOSI: It stands for Master Out Slave In. This pin is used to send data from the
master to a slave.

• MISO: It stands for Master in Slave Out. This pin is used to receive data from a
slave to the master.

• CE: It stands for Chip Enable. We need to connect one CE pin per slave (or
peripheral devices) in our circuit. By default, we have two CE pins but we can
configure more CE pins from the other available GPIO pins.
SPI pins on R-Pi Model 3B+:

• SPI0: GPIO9 (MISO), GPIO10 (MOSI), GPIO11 (SCLK), GPIO8 (CE0), GPIO7
(CE1)

• SPI1: GPIO19 (MISO), GPIO20 (MOSI), GPIO21 (SCLK), GPIO18 (CE0),

GPIO17 (CE1), GPIO16 (CE2)

• I2C Pins on R-Pi 3B+:

• Data: (GPIO2), Clock (GPIO3)

• EEPROM Data: (GPIO0), EEPROM Clock (GPIO1)

UART Pins on R-Pi 3B+:

• Serial communication or the UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver /

Transmitter) pins provide a way to communicate between two microcontrollers or
the computers. TX pin is used to transmit the serial data and RX pin is used to
receive serial data coming from a different serial device.

• TX (GPIO14)

• RX (GPIO15)

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Specifications of Model 3B+:

• Quad-Core 1.4GHz Broadcom BCM2837B0 64bit CPU

• 1GB LPDDR2 SDRAM

• Dual-channel 2.4GHz and 5GHz IEEE 802.11.b/g/n/ac wireless LAN, Bluetooth

4.2, BLE

• Gigabit Ethernet over USB 2.0 with throughput limited to 300 Mbit/s (3 times faster
than model B)

• Extended 40-pin GPIO header

• Full-size HDMI

• 4 USB 2.0 ports

• Full-size HDMI CSI (Camera Serial Interface) camera port for connecting a camera

• DSI (Display Serial Interface) display port for connecting a touchscreen display

• 4-pole stereo output and composite video port

• Micro SD port

• 5V/2.5A DC power input

• Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) support (requires separate PoE HAT)

3.1.2 Ultrasonic sensor:
The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor includes a transmitter & a receiver. This sensor is used to
find out the distance from the objective. This sensor uses sound waves by using non-contact
technology. By using this sensor, the distance which is required for the target can be
measured without damage and provides accurate details. The range of this sensor available
between 2cms to 400cms. The distance can be calculated using the following formula.
S = (V x t)/2
Where ‘S’ is the required distance
‘V’ is the sound’s speed
‘t’ is the time taken for sound waves to return back after striking the object.
The actual distance can be calculated by dividing its value with 2 as the time will be twice
once the waves travel and get back from the sensor.

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Figure 3.1.2.1: Ultrasonic Sensor

This sensor includes four pins and the pin configuration of this sensor is discussed below.

• Pin1 (Vcc): This pin provides a +5V power supply to the sensor.

• Pin2 (Trigger): This is an input pin, used to initialize measurement by transmitting

ultrasonic waves by keeping this pin high for 10us.

• Pin3 (Echo): This is an output pin, which goes high for a specific time period and it
will be equivalent to the duration of the time for the wave to return back to the
sensor.

• Pin4 (Ground): This is a GND pin used to connect to the GND of the system.

• The features of the HC-SR04 sensor include the following:

• The power supply used for this sensor is +5V DC

• Dimension is 45mm x 20mm x 15mm

• Quiescent current used for this sensor is <2mA

• The input pulse width of trigger is10uS

• Operating current is 15mA

• Measuring angle is 30 degrees

• The distance range is 2cm to 800 cm

• Resolution is 0.3 cm

• Effectual Angle is <15°

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• Operating frequency range is 40Hz

• Accuracy is 3mm
3.1.3 Hero-Water-HR2-Solenoid Valve:
The working of Solenoid Valve is similar to that of a normal valve. The only difference
here is that the Solenoid Valve only operates when it is supplied with DC Voltage.

This is a 2-way Solenoid Valve. So, it has 2 connections, one of them is liquid inlet and
other is outlet. It accepts DC voltage of 24V. It also works on 12V DC. When there is input
voltage on the Solenoid Terminals, it operates, and opens up, allowing the liquid to flow
from inlet to outlet.

The Solenoid has push fit connectors on each side. So, this connector will allow us to
directly push the pipe or nozzle into the solenoid without worrying of leaking.

Features:

 24 V DC, 0-120 PSI, 2.5 mm Orifice Easily replaceable by anybody with or without
experience.
 Easily gets Fit in all models, no breaking, no leaking during moving and installing
Compatible with all and any model of all domestic water purifiers.
 Automatic Control Water on/off.

Specification:

 Material: Metal & plastic

 Dimensions (L x B x H): 3 cm x 3 cm x 6 cm
 Weight: 100 g
 Brand: Hero
 Input Supply: 12V-24V DC
 Solenoid valve for water purifier with 1/4-inch Size
 Orifice: 2.5mm
 Pressure range: 0~120PSI (0~0.8MPA)
 Temperature range: 0 ~ 80°

Applications of the Solenoid Valves

The solenoid valve is used extensively in large number of devises that are used in various
industries like refrigeration, air conditioning, automobiles, hydraulics, pneumatics, and
many more.

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Figure 3.1.3.1: Solenoid Valve

3.1.4 Submersible motor pump: -

Micro DC 3-6V Micro Submersible Pump Mini water pump for Fountain Garden Mini
water circulation System DIY project. This is a low cost, small size Submersible Pump
Motor which can be operated from a 3 ~ 6V power supply. It can take up to 120 liters per
hour with very low current consumption of 220mA. Just connect tube pipe to the motor
outlet, submerge it in water and power it. Make sure that the water level is always higher
than the motor. Dry run may damage the motor due to heating and it will also produce
noise.

Specifications: -

 Operating Voltage: 3 ~ 6V
 Operating Current: 130 ~ 220mA
 Flow Rate: 80 ~ 120 L/H
 Maximum Lift: 40 ~ 110 mm
 Continuous Working Life: 500 hours
 Driving Mode: DC, Magnetic Driving
 Material: Engineering Plastic
 Outlet Outside Diameter: 7.5 mm
 Outlet Inside Diameter: 5 mm

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Applications

Submersible pumps are used in these industries: drainage, slurry pumping, sewage
pumping, water wells, oil wells, seawater handling, sewage treatment, firefighting, deep
well drilling, irrigation, mine dewatering, artificial lifts and offshore drilling rigs.

Figure 3.1.4.1 : Submersible water pump

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Chapter 4

DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
1. Raspberry pi 3B+
2. Ultrasonic sensor
3. DC solenoid valve
4. Submersible water pump
5. Power supply

4.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

1. Raspberrian OS
2. Thonny Python IDE

4.1.1 RASPBERRY PI 3B+

Figure 4.1.1.1: Raspberry pi

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Processor: Broadcom BCM2837B0, Cortex-A53.

64-bit SoC @ 1.4GHz.
Memory: 1GB LPDDR2 SDRAM.
Connectivity: 2.4GHz and 5GHz IEEE 802.11.b/g/n/ac wireless LAN,
Bluetooth 4.2, BLE.
Gigabit Ethernet over USB 2.0 (maximum throughput
300Mbps)
4 × USB 2.0 ports.
Access: Extended 40-pin GPIO header.
Video & sound: 1 × full size HDMI.
MIPI DSI display port.
MIPI CSI camera port 4 pole stereo output and composite
video port

Multimedia: H.264, MPEG-4 decode (1080p30); H.264 encode

(1080p30); OpenGL ES 1.1, 2.0 graphics
SD card support: Micro SD format for loading operating system and data
storage.

Input power: 5V/2.5A DC via micro-USB connector.

5V DC via GPIO header
Power over Ethernet (PoE)–enabled (requires separate PoE
HAT)
Environment: Operating temperature, 0–50°C.

To connect the mobile robot to the Internet and the installation of the various programs, we
need a certain computer specification. In this project we used microcomputer called
'Raspberry Pi because of its good specifications and possibilities and high flexibility in
dealing with different programs. Figure (4.1) shows the Raspberry Pi model B useful in the
field of electronics, computer science, computer and related projects of camera, gaming
machines, robot, web server, media center. Different versions available in market are pi-1,
2, 3 with model A. A+. B and B+.
A. Model A & B launched in 2012, Model B+ launched in 2014, Raspberry pi-3 introduced
in 2016.

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B. By installing Linux kernel operating system and interfacing corresponding port

connections with devices it can be used for numerous operations of industries automation,
robot, military spy and rescue. office, hospital, hazardous environment and agriculture, fine
tasks, space missions, welding, painting.
C. Intended for education.
D. Really cheap.
E. Used for many hobby projects, strong community.
F. Used even in commercial solutions due to low cost even that it is not intended for such
use. Raspberry Pi consumes less power and can save notable amount of energy in routing
computing tasks.

4.1.2. Ultrasonic sensor: -

An ultrasonic sensor is an instrument that measures the distance to an object using
ultrasonic sound waves.

Figure 4.1.2.1: Working of Ultrasonic sensor

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Figure 4.1.2.2: Waves of Ultrasonic sensor

Working: -
The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic (US) sensor is an ultrasonic transducer that comes with 4 pin
interfaces named as VCC, Trigger, Echo, and Ground. It is very useful for accurate distance
measurement of the target object and mainly works on the sound waves. As we connect the
module to 5V and initialize the input pin, it starts transmitting the sound waves which then
travel through the air and hit the required object. These waves hit and bounce back from
the object and then collected by the receiver of the module.
Distance is directly proportional to the time these waves require to come back at the
receiving end. The more the time taken, more the distance will be. The waves will be
generating if the Trig pin is kept High for 10 µs. These waves will travel at the speed of
sound, creating 8 cycle sonic burst that will be collected in the Echo pin. The echo pin
remains turned on for the time these waves take to travel and bounce back to the receiving
end. This sensor is mainly incorporated with Arduino to measure the required distance.
Following formula is used to calculate the distance of the object.
S = (V x t)/2Where S is the required distance, V is the speed of sound and t is the time
sound waves take to come back after hitting the object. We need to divide the value by 2
because time will be double as the waves travel and bounce back from the initial point.
Dividing it by 2 will give the actual distance of the target object.

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4.1.3 Solenoid Valve: -

Solenoid valves are electromechanically operated valves that convert electric energy into
mechanical energy. Their main purpose is to regulate the movement of gas or liquid and
eradicate the need for an engineer to manually control the valve, saving time and money.
Basically, Solenoid valves consist of two basic parts: a solenoid (or electromagnet) and the
valve. The valve body is made up of two or more orifices/openings. Whereas, the solenoid
is home to several important parts, including a coil, sleeve assembly and plunger. Its valves
work by employing the electromagnetic coil to either open or close the valve orifice. When
the coil within the solenoid is energised, the plunger is lifted or lowered to open or close
the orifice. This is what in turn controls flow, regulating the movement of gas or liquid.

Figure 4.1.3.1: Working operation of Solenoid valve

4.1.4 Submersible water pump: -
Submersible pumps work by pulling liquid in before pumping it elsewhere. The motor,
which is attached to the pump body, is completely sealed. So are the electrical cables that
power the pump.
The seals in these systems are required so that the pump can work while submerged in
water, it also needs to be submerged completely for it to work functionally.
Manufacturers of submersible pumps design many common models to make them suitable
for immersion. The motors of submersible pumps are encased in oil-filled compartments
that do not have contact with the substance they are pumping. They have the advantage of

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being essentially self-priming because they operate below the surface. Submersible pumps
work to push fluids toward the surface, unlike other types of pumps that use a pulling
motion. Because of the intense setting that these pumps need to work in they require heavy
duty cables to operate. Because of how they’re made, they’re able to withstand being
submerged in sewage, or operate deep inside a well. They can also run in both salt and
freshwater, running smoothly individually or in multiple systems.

4.1.5 POWER SUPPLY

The input to the circuit is applied from the regulated power supply. The ac input i.e., 230V
from the mains supply is step down by the transformer to 9V and is fed to a rectifier. The
output obtained from the rectifier is a pulsating dc voltage. So, in order to get a pure dc
voltage, the output voltage from the rectifier is fed to a filter to remove any ac components
present even after rectification. Now, this voltage is given to a voltage regulator to obtain
a pure constant de voltage.

4.2.1 Raspberry Pi OS
Raspberry Pi OS is a free operating system based on Debian, optimized for the Raspberry
Pi hardware, and is the recommended operating system for normal use on a Raspberry Pi.
for easy installation on your Raspberry Pi.
Raspberry Pi OS is under active development, with an emphasis on improving the stability
and performance of as many Debian packages as possible on Raspberry Pi.
4.2.2 Thonny Python IDE
A) Installing Thonny IDE – Windows PC
To install Thonny on your Raspberry PI OS follow the next instructions:
1. Go to https://thonny.org
2. Download the version for Windows and wait a few seconds while it downloads.

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Figure 4.2.2.1: Installing Thonny IDE

3. Run the .exe file.

Figure 4.2.2.2: Approving permissions for Thonny IDE

4. Follow the installation wizard to complete the installation process. You just need to
click “Next”.
5. After completing the installation, open Thonny IDE. A window as shown in the
following figure should open.

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Figure 4.2.2.3: Interface Thonny IDE

Thonny IDE Overview

At this point, you should have:

 Thonny IDE installed on your computer

 ESP32/ESP8266 flashed with Micro Python firmware
Open Thonny IDE. There are two different sections: the Editor and
the Micro Python Shell/Terminal

Figure 4.2.2.4: Editor window

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The Editor section is where you write your code and edit your .py files. You can open more
than one file, and the Editor will open a new tab for each file.
On the Micro Python Shell you can type commands to be executed immediately by your
ESP board without the need to upload new files. The terminal also provides information
about the state of an executing program, shows errors related with upload, syntax errors,
prints messages, etc…
You can also customize Thonny IDE to show other useful tabs. Go to View and you can
select several tabs that provide more information.

Figure 4.2.2.5: Thonny IDE interface

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RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

The results of the developed design/prototype had favorably satisfied with required
objectives set. Due to human intervention or delay in the timely response in the operation
of the motor and the valves at the right time which might or had led to the excess wastage
of water so this developed prototype which had been successful in the excess wastage of
water and is been conserved.
The water is conserved by this automated design.
The controlled operations are achieved without intervention of any external or the human
intervention.
This automated water tank filling system developed can be further developed and
implemented.
This system is not only for the residential purpose but it can also be implemented in the
various industries where the measuring or controlling is the key factor and the design can
be modified as per the need of application.
Further works to be done: -
1. The designed can be improvised so that it would be able to fill multiple water tank
using a single pump.
2. It can also be able to fill water to the tanks which are placed at the multiple heights.
3. If two sensors enter into race condition and try to access simultaneously then the
sensors are serviced based on the assigned priority.

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REFERENCES
[1] Beza Negash Getu, Hussain A. Attia, “Automatic Water Level Sensor and
Controller System”, 2016 5th International Conference on Electronic Devices, Systems
and Applications (ICEDSA), 19 January 2016.
[2] Md. Raquibul Hasan, Talat Mahmud, G.M Khairul Islam, Md. Akram Hossain,
“Design of Automatic Water Level Controlling System”, Journal of Multidisciplinary
Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)ISSN: 2458-9403Vol. 3 Issue 11,
November – 2016
[3] M. S. Godwin Premi and Jyotirupa Malakar, “Automatic Water Tank Level and
Pump Control System”, Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent
Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS 2019) IEEE Xplore Part Number:
CFP19K34-ART; ISBN: 978-1-5386-8113-8.
[4] S. M. Khaled Reza, Shah Ahsanuzzaman Md. Tariq, S.M. Mohsin Reza,
“Microcontroller Based Automated Water Level Sensing and Controlling: Design and
Implementation Issue”, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and
Computer Science 2010 Vol I WCECS 2010, October 20-22, 2010, San Francisco,
USA.

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