List A : List of Primary Emotions and Variations"

Anger: fury, outrage, resentment, wrath, exasperation, animosity, annoyance, irritability,

hostility, hatred
Sadness: grief, sorrow, gloom, melancholy, self-pity, loneliness, dejection, despair
Fear: anxiety, apprehension, nervousness, concern, consternation, misgiving,
wariness, qualm, edginess, dread, fright, terror, panic
Disgust: contempt, disdain, scorn, abhorrence, aversion, distaste, revulsion Shame:
guilt, embarrassment, chagrin, remorse, humiliation, regret, mortification
Enjoyment: happiness, joy, relief, contentment, bliss, delight, amusement, pride,
thrill, rapture, sensual pleasure, gratification, satisfaction, euphoria, whimsy,
ecstasy
Love: acceptance, friendliness, trust, kindness, affinity, devotion, adoration,
infatuation, agape
Surprise: shock, astonishment, amazement, wonder
a. As listed by Goleman (I 995). Variations involve differences in emotion intensity and/or emotion duration. For instance, anxiety and
terror are forms of fear; however, anxiety is a less intense but more durable form of fear than is terror (Ekman, 2003).

List B: “Recognizing Emotions (Behaviours) in Self/ Others"

Anger: (1) eyebrows down and together; (2) eyes wide; (3) raised upper eyelids, star­
ring; (4) lips pressed tightly together but not pushed out;(5) jaw tightly clenched to a
biting position; (6) postures of the broadside display (e.g., hands on hips); (7) fist,
hand behind head, and palm-down beating gestures;(8) growling voice tones
Sadness: (1) angling upward of the inner corners of eyebrows; (2) vertical wrinkle
between the brows; (3) lips stretched horizontally with lower lip pushed up; (4) eyes
cast downward; (5) eyelids droop; (6) slumped posture of the shoulders
Fear and surprise: (l) raised upper eyelids; (2) jaw dropped open; (3) lips stretched
back horizontally if fear; (4) staring eyes, enlarged pupils, look straight ahead; (5)
trembling and chattering teeth; (6) crying; (7) faster eye-blink rate; (8) tense tone of
voice. Key difference between fear and surprise is in openness of the mouth.
Disgust: (1) curled upper lip; (2) nose wrinkle; (3) narrowed, partly closed eyes; (4)
lowered brows; (5) backward head jerks and/or side-to-side head shakes; (6) visi­
ble protrusions of the tongue
Shame: Ekman (2003) proposed that there are no clear-cut signals for shame because
when feeling this emotion the person does not want others to know how he or she
feels.
Enjoyment: typically shows either in the laugh or smile (intense joy may also show as
crying). However, unlike most other facial signs of emotion, the smile is subject to
learning and conscious control.
Love: Love has few explicit facial gestures. However, it is shown in arousal cues such
as breathing rate, facial flushing, enlarged pupils. Body gestures include reduced
personal distance/space and head toss.
a. As suggested by Ekman (2003) and the Center for Nonverbal Studies.