Variances of Emotions

Learning Objective
 To show and discuss Robert
Plutchik’s wheel of emotions and
Goleman’s eight main families of
emotions
Key Understanding
 Have an understanding of the wheel of
emotions by Robert Plutchik and
Goleman’s eight main families of emotions

Key Question
What are the variances of emotions?
Emotion is a descriptive term referring to
variations in level of arousal, affective state
or mood, expressive movements, and
attitudes (Sanchez, Abad, and Jao 2012).
Six Basic Emotions (Paul Ekman)
happy sad afraid

anger surprise disgust

Four Basic Emotions (2014 Study)
happy sad

afraid or surprised angry or disgusted

 Robert Plutchik’s Wheel
of Emotions
 Adoration
 Ecstasy
 Anticipation
 Rage
 Disgust
 Grief
 Surprise
 Fear
 Goleman’s Eight Main
Families of Emotions

1. Anger: fury, outrage, resentment, wrath,

exasperation, indignation, vexation,
acrimony, animosity, annoyance, irritability,
hostility; and in extreme, hatred and violence
2. Sadness: grief, sorrow, cheerlessness,
gloom, melancholy, self-pity, loneliness,
dejection, despair; and in extreme,
depression
 Goleman’s Eight Main
Families of Emotions
3. Fear: anxiety, apprehension, nervousness,
concern, consternation, misgiving, wariness,
qualm, edginess, dread, fright, terror; and in
extreme, phobia and panic
4. Enjoyment: happiness, joy, relief, contentment,
bliss, delight, amusement, pride, sensual
pleasure, thrill, rapture, gratification, satisfaction,
euphoria, whimsy, ecstasy; and in extreme, mania
 Goleman’s Eight Main
Families of Emotions

5. Love: acceptance, friendliness, trust,

kindness, affinity, devotion, adoration,
infatuation, and agape

6. Surprise: shock, astonishment,

amazement, and wonder
 Goleman’s Eight Main
Families of Emotions

7. Disgust: contempt, disdain, scorn,

abhorrence, aversion, distaste, and
revulsion

8. Shame: guilt, embarrassment, chagrin,

remorse, humiliation, regret, mortification,
and contrition
 Goleman also pointed
out in his book the
other possible
variances of emotions
when one emotion
combines with
another, like jealousy
Daniel Goleman with sadness and fear.
It is important for an adolescent to
understand the different types of
emotions as this can increase not
just one’s vocabulary of emotion
words, but as well as developing
one’s emotional intelligence.