DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION

Mabini Street, Tagum City

Davao del Norte
Telefax: (084) 655-9591

ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS, POLITICS, AND WORLD VIEW

Environmental economics
Environmental economics is an area of economics that studies the financial impact
of environmental policies. Environmental economists perform studies to determine the
theoretical or empirical effects of environmental policies on the economy.

Understanding Environmental Economics

The basic argument underpinning environmental economics is that there are
environmental costs of economic growth that go unaccounted in the current market
model. These negative externalities, like pollution and other kinds of environmental
degradation, could then result in market failure.

Environmental Economic Strategies

Environmental economists are concerned with identifying specific problems to be
rectified, but there can be many approaches to solving the same environmental
problem. If a state is trying to impose a transition to clean energy, for example, they
have several options. The government can impose a forcible limit on carbon
emissions, or it can adopt more incentive-based solutions, like placing quantity-based
taxes on carbon emissions or offering tax credits to companies that adopt renewable
power sources.

Environmental Economics Challenges

Environmental economics requires a transnational approach. An environmental
economist could identify aquatic depopulation, resulting from overfishing, as a
negative externality to be addressed. The United States could impose regulations on
its own fishing industry, but the problem wouldn't be solved without similar action from
many other nations that also engage in overfishing. The global character of such
environmental issues has led to the rise of non-governmental organizations (NGO's)
like the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which organizes annual
forums for heads of state to negotiate international environmental policies.

Environmental Movement and Environmental Politics

Like a steady wind fanning a forest fire, the revelations of eco-glasnost in the 1980s
fed the rage of a public long suppressed by the communist regime. In response to the
state’s inaction, citizens formed hundreds of environmental organizations to take
matters into their own hands. The political impact of environmental interest groups
has been augmented by the demise of centralized authority and the natural affinity
between environmental and ethnic issues in the former Soviet context.

GLOBAL POLICIES, TREATIES AND PROTOCOLS ON ENVIRONMENTAL

CONCERNS AND ISSUES
Healthy ecosystems clean our water, purify our air, maintain our soil, regulate the
climate, recycle nutrients and provide us with food. They provide raw materials and
resources for medicines and other purposes. They are at the foundation of all
civilization and sustain our economies.

Basel Convention - Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements

of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal.

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 DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
Mabini Street, Tagum City
Davao del Norte
Telefax: (084) 655-9591

Further Reading: http://archive.basel.int/text/con-e-rev.pdf

Montreal Protocol - In the context of international environmental treaties, the
Montreal Protocol has seen unparalleled success. Ratified by almost every country in
the world, and with both the developed and developing world broadly achieving their
production phase‐out targets for ozone depleting substances (ODSs), the agreement
is on track to significantly reduce a major environmental and health threat.
Further Reading: https://www.eesi.org/files/100609_montreal_brief.pdf

Kyoto Protocol - Kyoto protocol to the united nations framework convention on

climate change.
Further Reading: http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf

Paris Accord – it is an agreement that sets out a global framework to avoid

dangerous climate change by limiting global warming to well below 2°C and pursuing
efforts to limit it to 1.5°C. It also aims to strengthen countries' ability to deal with the
impacts of climate change and support them in their efforts.
Further Reading: https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf

Convention on the International Trade in Endangered species - CITES is a

multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals. It was drafted as a result
of a resolution adopted in 1963 at a meeting of members of the International Union for
Conservation of Nature. The convention was opened for signature in 1973 and CITES
entered into force on 1 July 1975.
Further Reading: https://www.cites.org/sites/default/files/eng/disc/CITES-Convention-
EN.pdf

NATIONAL POLICIES AND LAWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS AND

ISSUES

RA 7942 and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) - an act instituting a new
system of mineral. Resources exploration, development, utilization.
Further Reading: http://www.mgb.gov.ph/images/stories/RA_7942.pdf

RA 8749 and its IRR - an act providing for a comprehensive air. Pollution control
policy and for other. Purposes.
Further Reading: https://emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/RA-8749.pdf

RA 9003 and its IRR - An act providing for an ecological solid waste management
program, creating the necessary institutional mechanisms and incentives.
Further Reading:
http://faspselib.denr.gov.ph/sites/default/files//Publication%20Files/national%20policy.
pdf

RA 9147 and its IRR - an act providing for the conservation and protection of wildlife
resources and. Their habitats.
Further Reading: http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/phi41009.pdf

RA 9275 and its IRR - an act providing for a comprehensive water quality
management and. For other purposes.

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 DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
Mabini Street, Tagum City
Davao del Norte
Telefax: (084) 655-9591

Further Reading: https://emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/RA-9275.pdf

RA 9512 and its IRR - This Act provides for the promotion of environmental
awareness through environmental education which shall encompass environmental
concepts and principles, environmental laws, the state of international and local
environment, local environmental best practices, the threats of environmental
degradation and its impact on human well-being, the responsibility of the citizenry to
the environment and the value of conservation, protection and rehabilitation of natural
resources and the environment.
Further Reading: http://119.92.161.2/embgovph/Portals/20/EE/Presentations/emb-
forumworkshop-RA92512%20v2.pdf

RA 9729 and its IRR - an act mainstreaming climate change into government policy
formulations, establishing the framework strategy and program on climate change,
creating for this purpose the climate change commission, and for other purposes.
Further Reading: http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/phi100134.pdf

DENR Administrative Order No. 11 s. 2017

Further Reading: https://emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/MC-SCANNED-
COLORED.pdf

- FINAL EXAMINATION (WEEK 8-9 CHAPTER 17) -

…The EARTH is what we all have in common;
no wealth, no politics, and no human intervention can replace its abundance…
so SAVE the ONLY planet we ALL call HOME…

KEYWORDS INDEX
Air Quality-A measure of the level of pollution in the air.
Atmosphere-The mass of air surrounding the Earth.
Biodegradable waste-Organic waste, typically coming from plant or animal sources
(for example food scraps and paper), which other living organisms can break down.
Biodiversity-A short form of the phrase ‘biological diversity’, which means the variety
of life on this planet and how it interacts within habitats and ecosystems. Biodiversity
covers all plants, animals and micro-organisms on land and in water.
Biomass-A source of fuel made from living and recently-dead plant materials such as
wood, leaves and the biodegradable part of industrial and municipal waste.
Biosphere-The portion of Earth and its atmosphere that can support life
Carbon dioxide (CO2)-A colorless gas that is naturally produced from animals and
people in exhaled air and the decay of plants. It is removed from the atmosphere by
photosynthesis in plants and by dissolving in water, especially on the surface of
oceans.
Carbon emissions-In the context of climate change, carbon dioxide released when
substances, especially oil, gas, and coal, are burned by vehicles and planes, by
factories and by homes.

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 DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
Mabini Street, Tagum City
Davao del Norte
Telefax: (084) 655-9591

Carbon footprint-A measure of the impact our activities have on the environment,
especially climate change, often reported as the units of tonnes (or kg) of carbon
dioxide each of us produces over a given period of time.
Climate change-A change in the climate of a region over time due to natural forces or
human activity.
Conservation-Preserving or protecting animals and resources such as minerals,
water and plants through planned action or non-action
Ecosystem-A community of organisms that depend on each other and the
environment they inhabit.
Emissions-In the context of the atmosphere, gases or particles released into the air
that can contribute to global warming or poor air quality.
Fossil fuels- such as coal, gas, peat and oil – that are formed in the ground over a
long time from dead plants and animals and are used up once they are burned for
energy.
Global Warming-The gradual increase in temperature of the Earth’s surface caused
by human activities that cause high levels of carbon dioxide and other gases to be
released into
Greenhouse effect-The warming of the Earth’s atmosphere caused by increasing
levels of gases, such as water vapour and carbon dioxide. These gases absorb
radiation emitted naturally from the ground, so slowing down the loss of energy from
Earth.
Greenhouse gases-Gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, which tend to trap
heat radiating from the Earth’s surface, so causing warming in the lower atmosphere.
Habitat-The area occupied by a community or species (group of animals or plants),
such as a forest floor, desert or sea shore.
Hazardous waste-Waste that poses a risk to human health or the environment and
needs to be handled and disposed of carefully. Examples include oil-based paints, car
batteries, weed killers, bleach and waste electrical and electronic devices..
Organism-Any living thing, from bacteria and fungi through to insects, plants, animals
and humans.
Ozone layer-The thin protective layer of gas 10 to 50km above the Earth that acts as
a filter for ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. High UV levels can lead to skin
cancer and
Sustainable development-Development using land or energy sources in a way that
meets the needs of people today without reducing the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs.
Waste management-The management of waste collection, handling, processing,
storage and transport from where it is produced to where it is finally disposed. See
waste prevention.

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 DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
Mabini Street, Tagum City
Davao del Norte
Telefax: (084) 655-9591

PART 3: COURSE SCHEDULES

This section calendars all the activities and exercises, including readings and
lectures, as well as time for making assignments and doing other
requirements, in a programmed schedule by days and weeks, to help the
students in SDL pacing, regardless of mode of delivery (OBD or DED). Note:
reading assignments can be calendared for 3 days or for a week with
performance tasks (essay or reflection paper).

Activity Date Where to submit

Big Picture A: Let’s Check Activities September 2, 2020 CF’s email
Big Picture A: Let’s Analyze Activities September 2, 2020 LMS
Big Picture A: In a Nutshell Activities September 3, 2020 CF’s email
Big Picture A: QA List September 3, 2020 CF’s email
First Examination September 4, 2020 LMS
Big Picture B: Let’s Check Activities September 16, 2020 CF’s email
Big Picture B: Let’s Analyze Activities September 16, 2020 LMS
Big Picture B: In a Nutshell Activities September 17, 2020 CF’s email
Big Picture B: QA List September 17, 2020 CF’s email
Second Examination September 18, 2020 LMS
Big Picture C: Let’s Check Activities September 30, 2020 CF’s email
Big Picture C: Let’s Analyze Activities October 1, 2020 LMS
Big Picture C: In a Nutshell Activities October 1, 2020 CF’s email
Big Picture C: QA List October 2, 2020 CF’s email
Third Examination October 2, 2020 LMS
Final Examination October 15-16, 2020 LMS

I. Online Code of Conduct

(1) All teachers/Course Facilitators and students are expected to abide by an
honor code of conduct, and thus everyone and all are exhorted to
exercise self- management and self-regulation.

(2) Faculty members are guided by utmost professional conduct as learning

facilitators in holding OBD and DED conduct. Any breach and violation
shall be dealt with properly under existing guidelines, specifically on
social media conduct (OPM 21.15) and personnel discipline (OPM 21.11).

(3) All students are likewise guided by professional conduct as learners in

attending OBD or DED courses. Any breach and violation shall be dealt
with properly under existing guidelines, specifically in Section 7 (Student
Discipline) in the Student Handbook.

(4) Professional conduct refers to the embodiment and exercise of the

University’s Core Values, specifically in the adherence to intellectual
honesty and integrity; academic excellence by giving due diligence in
virtual class participation in all lectures and activities, as well as fidelity in
doing and submitting performance tasks and assignments; personal
discipline in complying with all deadlines; and observance of data privacy.

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 DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
Mabini Street, Tagum City
Davao del Norte
Telefax: (084) 655-9591

(5) Plagiarism is a serious intellectual crime and shall be dealt with

accordingly. The University shall institute monitoring mechanisms online
to detect and penalize plagiarism.

(6) All borrowed materials uploaded by the teachers/Course Facilitators shall

be properly acknowledged and cited; the teachers/Course Facilitators
shall be professionally and personally responsible for all the materials
uploaded in the online classes or published in SIM/SDL manuals.

(7) Teachers/Course Facilitators shall devote time to handle OBD or DED

courses and shall honestly exercise due assessment of student
performance.

(8) Teachers/Course Facilitators shall never engage in quarrels with students

online. While contentions intellectual discussions are allowed, the
teachers/Course Facilitators shall take the higher ground in facilitating
and moderating these discussions. Foul, lewd, vulgar and discriminatory
languages are absolutely prohibited.

(9) Students shall independently and honestly take examinations and do

assignments, unless collaboration is clearly required or permitted.
Students shall not resort to dishonesty to improve the result of their
assessments (e.g. examinations, assignments).

(10) Students shall not allow anyone else to access their personal LMS
account. Students shall not post or share their answers, assignment or
examinations to others to further academic fraudulence online.

(11) By handling OBD or DED courses, teachers/Course Facilitators agree

and abide by all the provisions of the Online Code of Conduct, as well
as all the requirements and protocols in handling online courses.

(12) By enrolling in OBD or DED courses, students agree and abide by all
the provisions of the Online Code of Conduct, as well as all the
requirements and protocols in handling online courses.

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 DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
Mabini Street, Tagum City
Davao del Norte
Telefax: (084) 655-9591

II. Monitoring of OBD and DED

(1) The Deans, Asst. Deans, Discipline Chairs and Program Heads shall be
responsible in monitoring the conduct of their respective OBD classes
through the Blackboard LMS. The LMS monitoring protocols shall be
followed, i.e. monitoring of the conduct of Teacher Activities (Views and
Posts) with generated utilization graphs and data. Individual faculty PDF
utilization reports shall be generated and consolidated by program and by
college.

(2) The Academic Affairs and Academic Planning & Services shall monitor the
conduct of LMS sessions. The Academic Vice Presidents and the Deans
shall collaborate to conduct virtual CETA by randomly joining LMS
classes to check and review online the status and interaction of the
faculty and the students.

(3) For DED, the Deans and Program Heads shall come up with monitoring
instruments, taking into consideration how the programs go about the
conduct of DED classes. Consolidated reports shall be submitted to
Academic Affairs for endorsement to the Chief Operating Officer.