STI- WEST NEGROS UNIVERSITY

BS-CIVIL ENGINEERING
2-A

Chapter 3
Geological Strata

GROUP 3
Alcover, Roxie jan, D.
Apellido, John Reymark, A
Estacion, Laurence
Deseo, Anna Rose

Submitted to:
Engr. Leo Dhen Salvador
 CHAPTER 3.
Geological Strata

Bearing of the nature of the rocks upon

practical works, continued- Materials- Minerals-
Metals- Agriculture- Land- Drainage- Sewerage
works.

Materials- A very important element in the

cost of construction in all engineering and building
works is the material which the rocks of the
neighbourhood will yield and this of course varies,
both quality and quantity according to the nature of
the rocks theme selves.

In the field of engineering and building works,

there's most important element and that is the
material which rocks of the neighborhood will yield
and this varies both in quantity and quality
according to the nature of the rocks themselves.
Assumed that the local quarries, brick yards, lime-
kilns and etc will almost certainly the most prolific
in building materials and afford good evidence of
the kind required. However geological knowledge is
yet essential to guide the engineer in laying out his
works so they may strike the more valuable strata
to the best possible advantage .
 A railway cutting or a tunnel may be judiciously
set out so as to follow exactly the course of a useful
stratum, even to a considerable depth from the
surface probably to rail level. In other words, for
the point in question depends upon the direction of
the dip of the stratum, it's consequent strike, and
the actual amount of it's inclination. The drift
gravels occur in a more irregular manner than any
other series of deposit, but if they be previously
mapped and the work be designed accordingly, a
great saving may be effected. For instance, the
additional result of affording ballast or road
metalling. The mode of occurrence and the extent
thickness of the gravels should be ascertained.
Where gravel are scarce, or altogether absent,
ballast may sometimes be obtained from the more
solid rocks, broken up small for that purpose, and
in some districts these are sufficiently plentiful.
Even in many thick deposits of clay there are found
occasional beds of hard septaria or thin bands of
limestone suitable for the purpose.