SELECTION CRITERIA

Rivers has been used as a source of water, for obtaining food, for transport, as a defensive
measure, as a source of hydropower to drive machinery, for bathing, and as a means of
disposing of waste. To construct a good river, it need to meet the selection criteria to achieve
the requirement for rivers and all its functions. Therefore, the selection criteria for riverworks are
as follows:

 Economic considerations
In the case of works in rivers, scale may be a significant factor. Small-scale bank
protection works on an urban stream can be very cost-effective, examples if a short
length of revetment on a bend, it can protects an urban road or a sewer system from
being undermined by erosion. Similar works on large rivers are frequently expensive,
requiring large quantities of materials and specialized plant, examples bottom-dumping
barges and floating cranes. However, it can be justified if the works protects massive
infrastructure.
The following criteria are important in making sure the implementation of technical and
the cost of structures :
- Depth and width of channel
- Height of a riverbank
- Length or depth of bed protection
- Flow velocity
- Wind or ship induced waves
 Hydraulic data
- A data required including river flows with associated water levels and current
velocities. These should cover both high and low flow conditions, the latter for
construction and environmental reasons.
 River morphology
- Including observations and data on erosion and deposition processes.
 Geotechnical data
- Required later in project development to determine riverbank stability. This is
important in situation where there is a wide range of water levels in the channel,
particularly if the water level can vary rapidly, or where earthquake loading is
possible
 For wide rivers, wave action should be considered
  For rivers and canals, details of ship-induced loading may be important, examples wash,
impact of bow-thrusters should be considered.

MATERIALS TO BE USED

Availability and quality of local materials should be investigated early in the project. Therefore,
the materials used for constructing a riverworks are as follows:

 Sand and gravel

- Sand and gravel are the associated materials for filters and underlayers.

Figure 1 : Sand and Gravel

 Pitched stone
- Pitched stone is hand-placed stones on a gravel underlayers. The stones are angular
and regular in shape, rather than rounded, it is placed in one layer, wedged together
with stone spalls. This provides good resistance to erosion, yet is flexible enough to
accept some settlement of the foundation.

Figure 2 : Pitched stone

 Geotextile filters
- Used as an alternative instead of granular filters. The geotextile, provided with two
layers of mattress. This textile should be done with great care. Wave condition
should be moderate, as the mattresses are susceptible to damage during placement.

Figure 3 : Geotextile filters

Figure 4 : Geotextile filters were laid

 Rocks
- Loose rocks, contained rocks or concrete slabs which may or may not be tied
together are used as a revetment to protect the river from erosion by water
(Escarameia, 1998).

Figure 5 : Loose rock

  Timber
- As usual timber will be used as a formwork to build a reinforced concrete walls for
the rivers.

Figure 6 : Timber used for formwork.

http://www.kennisbank-waterbouw.nl/DesignCodes/rockmanual/chapter%208.pdf

Escarameia, M (1998). River and channel revetments – a design manual. Thomas Telford.