Ain Shams Engineering Journal xxx (xxxx) xxx

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Ain Shams Engineering Journal

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Electrical Engineering

Power flow control of power systems based on a simple TCSC model

Salah Kamel a, Mohamed Abokrisha a, Ali Selim a, Francisco Jurado b,⇑
a
Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, 81542 Aswan, Egypt
b
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Jaén, 23700 EPS Linares, Jaén, Spain

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history: Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) is used to control the active power flow in transmission lines
Received 1 May 2018 in the power system to specific values. This paper proposes a simple modeling of TCSC into Newton-
Revised 21 February 2020 Raphson load flow algorithm in order to reduce the complexity and enhance the reusability of the original
Accepted 15 November 2020
load flow code. TCSC is represented by two injected loads at the sending and auxiliary buses. These loads
Available online xxxx
are calculated based on the specified active power while the reactive power is calculated based on the
systems. The reactive loads are updated during the iterative process until the convergence is achieved.
Keywords:
TCSC parameters are calculated based on the voltages of connected buses and the specified active power.
Power flow control
Newton Raphson
This model solves the problem associated with the selection of proper initial values of the TCSC control
FACTS parameter. The proposed TCSC model is validated using the standard IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 30-bus and IEEE
TCSC 118-bus test systems.
Modeling Ó 2021 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier BV on behalf of Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams Uni-
versity. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/
by-nc-nd/4.0/).

1. Introduction tion, FACTS can be categorized based on the power electronic

Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS)
devices are widely incorporated in electrical power systems in
order to control the system parameters such as; power flow, trans-
mission line impedances, voltage magnitude and phase angle of
the bus. Thereby, FACTS are embedded for improving the voltage
profile, minimizing the active and reactive power losses, increasing
the system loadability and enhancing power system security and
stability [1,2]. FACTS can be divided into shunt, series, and com-
bined shunt-series devices [3]. The popular shunt devices are Static
Var Compensator (SVC) and Static Synchronous Compensator
(STATCOM). Besides the series devices are Thyristor Controlled Ser-
ies Capacitor (TCSC), Static Synchronous Series Compensator
(SSSC), and Short Circuit Current Limiting (SCCL). While the com-
bined shunt-series devices are such as Unified Power Flow Con-
troller (UPFC), Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC), and
Generalized Unified Power Flow Controller (GUPFC) [3]. In addi-
⇑ Corresponding author.
E-mail addresses: skamel@aswu.edu.eg (S. Kamel), asi00006@red.ujaen.es (A.
Selim), fjurado@ujaen.es (F. Jurado).
Peer review under responsibility of Ain Shams University.
Production and hosting by Elsevier
devices that have been used in them such as variable impedance
controllers’ devices and Voltage Source Converter (VSC) devices.
In general, the implementation of FACTS controllers into an
existing power flow engine such as the Newton-Raphson (NR) load
flow algorithm increases the complexity of the programming codes
due to the following reasons [3,4]. Firstly, the incorporation of
FACTS in the power system requires adding new lines and refer-
ence buses. Secondly, the series and/or shunt impedances of FACTS
have to be added to the original admittance matrix. Thirdly, the
powers contributed by FACTS have to be included in power mis-
matches calculation. Finally, new codes are required to calculate
the Jacobian submatrices related to FACTS.
Consequently, the basic load flow codes should be changed. In
this regard, several efforts have been presented for modeling of dif-
ferent types of FACTS devices such as IPFC [5], UPFC [6,7], GUPFC
[8], and SSSC [9]. However, TCSC is considered one of the important
devices of the FACTS family. TCSC composes of a capacitor bank
connected in shunt with Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR). Based
on thyristor adjustment, the reactance of TCSC can be changed
smoothly. TCSC can be used to control the power flow along spec-
ified paths with desired values. Consequently, this device can
enhance the transient and dynamic stability of systems, increase
the capability of power transfer, and mitigate subsynchronous res-
onance [10].
To reveal the advantage of TCSC installation in power systems, a
power flow solution with a simplified modeling of the TCSC device

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2020.11.023
2090-4479/Ó 2021 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier BV on behalf of Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Please cite this article as: S. Kamel, M. Abokrisha, A. Selim et al., Power flow control of power systems based on a simple TCSC model, Ain Shams Engineer-
ing Journal, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2020.11.023
S. Kamel, M. Abokrisha, A. Selim et al. Ain Shams Engineering Journal xxx (xxxx) xxx

is crucially required. Hence, a comprehensive TCSC model has been

presented in [4]. In this model, the apparent reactance of TCSC has
been represented as independent variables that can be calculated
in each iteration. Besides, the Jacobian matrix size should be
extended to include the state variables of the TCSC. Here it should
be mentioned that the initial values of the state variables of TCSC
are very critical to find fast convergence. Hence, the TCSC model
based on the firing angle has been presented to calculate the
parameter of the TCSC in [11]. Fig. 2. TCSC equivalent circuit.
This paper proposes simple and efficient modeling of TCSC into
the NR load flow algorithm in order to reduce the complexity,
avoid the modification of the Jacobian matrix, and enhance the where
reusability of the original load flow code. In the developed model,

p
TCSC is represented by two injected loads at the sending and aux- X L ðaÞ ¼ X Lmax ð2Þ
p  2a  sinð2aÞ
iliary buses. These loads are calculated based on the specified
active power while the reactive power is calculated based on the
X Lmax ¼ L:x ð3Þ
systems. These reactive loads are updated during the iterative pro-
cess until the convergence is achieved. Finally, TCSC parameters 1
are calculated based on the voltages of connected buses and the XC ¼ ð4Þ
C:x
specified active power. The proposed model is considered simpler
than the other traditional models with a few iterations and low The final XTCSC can be calculated using (5).
computational time. In addition, the original structure and symme- h i
X C :X Lmax p2asin
p
ð2aÞ
try of admittance and Jacobian matrices can still be kept, and the X TCSC ¼ h i ð5Þ
sparsity technique can easily be applied. This model solves the X C þ X Lmax p2asin
p
ð2aÞ
problem associated with the selection of proper initial values of
the TCSC control parameter. The TCSC parameter can be checked The relation between the XTCSC and a can be drawn as given in
whether within the limits during the iterative process and the final Fig. 3. This curve is divided into capacitive, inductive, and reso-
value is updated after the convergence. The proposed TCSC model nance regions.
is tested using the standard IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 118-
bus test systems. 3. Newton Raphson load flow
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 explains
operation principles, equivalent circuit and characteristics of TCSC. NR is the most applied method for solving the load flow prob-
Section 3 presents an overview of the Newton Raphson Load flow lem [12]. NR method is applied to solve the nonlinear equations
method. Section 4 presents the proposed TCSC model. Section 5 based on the Taylor series. However, the injected current at bus i
presents the results and discussion. Finally, Section 6 presents can be defined as:
the main conclusion of the paper.
X
n X
n
Ii ¼ V i yij  yij V j j–i ð6Þ
2. TCSC j¼0 j¼1

The active and reactive powers at bus i are formulated as:

TCSC has been used for many years to control power flow [10].
The basic configuration of TCSC is shown in Fig. 1. TCSC consists of Pi þ jQ i ¼ VIi ð7Þ
three main components; bypass inductor (L), capacitor banks (C),
By substituting of Ii form (6) in (7).
and two antiparallel Thyristor T1 and T2. The TCSC reactance can
be adjusted according to the firing angle (a) of the Thyristor to con- Pi  jQ i Xn Xn

trol the active power flow of the connected line. However, this  ¼ Vi yij  yij V j j–i ð8Þ
Vi j¼0 j¼1
device can be represented as a variable reactance (XTCSC) as shown
in Fig. 2.
The TCSC reactance is calculated as follows:
X C X L ðaÞ
X TCSC ¼ X C ==X L ðaÞ ¼ ð1Þ
X C þ X L ðaÞ

Fig. 1. TCSC Configuration. Fig. 3. XTCSC characteristic curve.

2
S. Kamel, M. Abokrisha, A. Selim et al. Ain Shams Engineering Journal xxx (xxxx) xxx

 
where yij is the actual impedance between buses i and j. From JQV ii
¼ Q i  Bii jV i j2 ð27Þ
expanding the above equation, the active and reactive powers flow
can be given as follows: If i = j, the elements in the Jacobian matrix are found as follows:

X
NB
 
Pi;calc ¼ V i V j Gij cosdij þ Bij sindij ð9Þ ðJ Pd Þii ¼ Q i  Bii jV i j2 ð28Þ
j¼1

ðJ PV Þii ¼ Pi þ Gii jV i j2 ð29Þ

X
NB
 
Q i;calc ¼ V i V j Gij sindij  Bij cosdij ð10Þ
j¼1  
JQ d ii
¼ Pi  Gii jV i j2 ð30Þ
Picalc and Qicalc represent the calculated net active and reactive pow-
ers at bus i. Gij and Bij are the conductance and susceptance between  
bus i and bus j, respectively. JQV ii
¼ Q i  Bii jV i j2 ð31Þ
The scheduled active and reactive powers at bus i is given as: After initializing the values of V and d, the Jacobian matrix is
Pi;sch ¼ Pg;i  Pd;i ð11Þ constructed as given (15), the values of Dd and DV are determined,
finally,V and d are updated.
Q i;sch ¼ Q g;i  Q d;i ð12Þ
where Pgi and Qgi are the generated active and reactive powers of 4. Simple TCSC model
bus i, respectively. Pdi and Qdi are the active and reactive load
demands of bus i. The mismatched active and reactive powers at The proposed TCSC model is based on the power injection
bus i are given as: approach. The total number of buses for the system is increased
DPi ¼ Pi;sch  P i;calc ð13Þ according to the TCSC number, where, one reference bus should
be added for each TCSC.
DQ i ¼ Q i;sch  Q i;calc ð14Þ Fig. 4 illustrates the TCSC implementation between sending bus
S and receiving bus R, where bus A is the auxiliary bus (reference
Linearize (13) and (14) by NR method, the following equation bus). This device is used to adjust the active power between send-
can be yielded: ing and receiving buses to equal the specified value, PSP. However,

 " #

DP J Pd J PV Dd this device can be modeled simply as two loads injected at sending
¼ ð15Þ and auxiliary buses as shown in Fig. 5. The active power of these
DQ JQ d J QV DV=V
loads is fixed at the specified value PSP while the reactive powers
where J Pd ,JPV , JQV , J Q d are elements of the Jacobian matrix. These ele- are calculated by applying Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) at sending
ments can be calculated as follows: and auxiliary buses.
After the convergence of the load flow algorithm, the final reac-
@Pi
ðJ Pd Þij ¼ ð16Þ tance of TCSC can be obtained using (32).
@dj
V S  V A  sinðdS  dA Þ
@Pi X TCSC ¼ ð32Þ
ðJ PV Þij ¼ Vj ð17Þ PSP
@V j
The injected reactive powers at sending and auxiliary buses are
  @Q i updated each iteration using (10).
J Qd ¼ ð18Þ However, the solution process of the developed implementation
ij @dj
of the TCSC model into the NR load flow algorithm is shown in
  @Q i Fig. 6.
J QV ¼ Vj ð19Þ
ij @V j
If i–j, the elements in the Jacobian matrix can be calculated as: 5. Results and discussion
 
ðJ Pd Þij ¼ V i V j Gij sindij  Bij cosdij ð20Þ
The proposed TCSC model is validated using standard IEEE test
  systems; IEEE14-bus, IEEE 30-bus, and IEEE 118-bus, to prove its
ðJ PV Þij ¼ V i V j Gij cosdij  Bij sindij ð21Þ
effectiveness and superiority. The proposed TCSC model has been
    implemented in the NR load flow algorithm using MATLAB
J Qd ij
¼ V i V j Gij cosdij  Bij sindij ð22Þ R2014a. The devolved MATLAB code has been run on PC with core
    i5 processor, 2.60 GHz and 6 GB RAM. For all studied cases. The
J QV ij
¼ V i V j Gij sindij  Bij cosdij ð23Þ selected convergence tolerance is 106 with system base MVA is
100.
If i ¼ j, the elements in the Jacobian matrix are calculated as
follows:

ðJ Pd Þii ¼ Q i  Bii jV i j2 ð24Þ

ðJ PV Þii ¼ Pi þ Gii jV i j2 ð25Þ

 
J Qd ii
¼ Pi  Gii jV i j2 ð26Þ

Fig. 4. TCSC implementation between buses S and R.

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S. Kamel, M. Abokrisha, A. Selim et al. Ain Shams Engineering Journal xxx (xxxx) xxx

5.1. IEEE 14-bus test system

In this subsection, the proposed TCSC model is incorporated in

the IEEE 14-bus test system. The data of this system is given in
[9]. Different values for the specified active power are used.
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 illustrate the effect of TCSC on the voltage magni-
tudes and angles of system buses and line flow of the test system.
The location of TCSC is selected to be between buses 7–9 and the
Fig. 5. Simple TCSC Model.
specified power is 55 MW marked on the single line diagram of
the 14-bus system as shown in Fig. 8. Form these two figures, it

Begin Definition of
System Data
Read Power Flow Data

TCSC Yes
Read TCSC Data
Exist?
Add Auxiliary Bus for Each
No TCSC (Zero Load)
Calculate the Admittance Matrix Modify the Line Data Regarding
to TCSC Model

Set Initial Iteration

Calculate the Maximum Value in Power Mismatches

Vector
Power Flow with
TCSC model
Yes
Convergence ?

No Report Load Flow Results

Construct the Jacobian Matrix Report TCSC Results

End
TCSC Yes
Exist?

No Calculate the Parameters of TCSC

Update the Injected Loads at Terminals of

TCSC

Calculate the Power Mismatch Vector

Calculate the Voltage Correction Vector

Correct the Voltage Magnitudes

and Angles

Fig. 6. NR load flow solution including the proposed TCSC model.

4
S. Kamel, M. Abokrisha, A. Selim et al.
Fig. 7. IEEE 14-bus system without TCSC.
can be observed that the power flow from bus 7 to 9 without and
with the TSCT installation is 27.986 MW and 55 MW respectively,
while the reactive power delivered form bus 7 is 6.489 MW and
6.102 MW respectively and the injected reactive power to bus 9
is 6.037 MVAR and 14.082 MVAR respectively. In addition, the
impact of the TCSC can be noticed on the voltage magnitude and
phase angle of the two buses as presented in the two figures where
the voltage of bus 7 and 9 without TCSC are 1.0603p.u with angle
equals 0.2329 deg and 1.0536p.u with angle equals 0.2605 deg
respectively however, with installation TCSC the voltages reach
1:0591\  0:287p.u in bus 7 and 1:074\  0:197 p.u on bus 9.
Table 1 illustrates the capability of the proposed TCSC model to
work with different specified active powers. In this case, one TCSC
is connected between buses 7 and 4 with specified active powers
varied from 35 MW to 55 MW. The table shows that with increas-
ing the delivered power the reactance of the TSCS increase. Thus,
X TCSC are 0.0945399p.u and 0.29627397 at specified active pow-
ers 35 MW and 55 MW respectively.
5.2. IEEE 30-bus test system
The proposed model is tested using the IEEE-30 bus system
with different numbers of TCSCs to prove its reliability and show
the effect of the number of TCSCs on the system performance.
5.2.1. Case 1: One TCSC
TABLE 2 presents the values of voltages at sending, auxiliary
and receiving buses and the final value of TCSC reactance. TCSC
5
Ain Shams Engineering Journal xxx (xxxx) xxx
is incorporated between buses 9 and 10 with specified power
equals 40 MW. Therefore, to deliver this power X TCSC equals
0.1782 p.u should be installed which leads to change the voltage
of the sending bus (9) from 1:0510\  0:25191p.u to
1:04955\  0:27885p.u while the receiving bus (10) changed from
1:04436\  0:27967 p.u to 1:05469\  0:25356p.u
5.2.2. Case 2: Two TCSCs
In this case, two TCSC devices are incorporated IEEE 30-bus sys-
tem. The TCSC located between buses 9–10 with active power
specified equals 40 MW in the previous case is used as a first
device, where the second one is incorporated between buses 29–
30 with specified active power equals 5 MW and X TCSC is 0.5195
p.u. TABLE 3 demonstrates the effect of the existence of two TCSCs
in the studied system regarding the voltages before and after
compensation.
5.2.3. Case 3: Three TCSCs
TABLE 4 demonstrates the change in bus voltage of the IEEE-30-
bus system after incorporating three TCSCs (previous case plus a
TCSC connected between buses 15–18 with 10 MW specified
power flow).
5.2.4. Case 4: Four TCSCs
TABLE 5 demonstrates the effect of four TCSCs implemented in
IEEE 30-bus system (the same TCSC locations of the previous case,
as well as a TCSC located between buses 25–27 with 7 MW speci-
S. Kamel, M. Abokrisha, A. Selim et al. Ain Shams Engineering Journal xxx (xxxx) xxx

Fig. 8. IEEE 14-bus test system with one TCSC.

Table 1
Results of IEEE 14-bus system with one TCSC.

PSP XTCSC (p.u) Voltage

Send Bus Auxiliary Bus Receive Bus
Mag. (p.u) Angle (deg.) Mag. (p.u) Angle (deg.) Mag. (p.u) Angle (deg.)
55 0.29627397 1.05919 0.28702 1.08706 0.14598 1.07423 0.19747
50 0.26194402 1.05857 0.27621 1.08355 0.163423 1.07140 0.2101
45 0.21924077 1.05855 0.265259 1.07857 0.180879 1.06757 0.2228
40 0.16506418 1.058921 0.254323 1.072804 0.243517 1.06317 0.19833
35 0.0945399 1.05956 0.243517 1.06664 0.2157513 1.058482 0.248095

Table 2
Results of IEEE 30-bus system with one TCSC.

XTCSC (p.u) Voltage

Sending Bus Auxiliary Bus Receiving Bus
Mag. (p.u) Angle (deg.) Mag. (p.u) Angle (deg.) Mag. (p.u) Angle (deg.)
TCSC-1 Without 1.0510 0.25191 1.04436 0.27967
With 0.1782 1.04955 0.27885 1.06438 0.21339 1.05469 0.25356

fied power flow. In this case, a significant increase in the voltage
magnitude of both sending and receiving buses is achieved.
5.3. IEEE-118 bus system
The proposed TCSC model is also tested using the IEEE-118-bus
system. This system is considered as a large-scale system that
selected to prove the reliability of the proposed model. Two TCSCs

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S. Kamel, M. Abokrisha, A. Selim et al. Ain Shams Engineering Journal xxx (xxxx) xxx

Table 3
Results of IEEE 30-bus system with two TCSCs.

XTCSC (p.u) Voltage

Send Bus Auxiliary Bus Receive Bus
Mag. (p.u) Angle (deg.) Mag. (p.u) Angle (deg.) Mag. (p.u) Angle (deg.)
TCSC-1 Without 1.0510 0.25191 1.04436 0.27967
With 0.1782 1.05052 14.8147 1.0058 15.9603 1.04713 15.6532
TCSC-2 Without 1.0059 0.299 0.9945 0.3144
With 0.5195 1.00700 17.4532 1.05456 13.8854 0.99471 17.3014

Table 4
Results of IEEE 30-bus system with three TCSCs.

XTCSC (p.u) Voltage

Send Bus Auxiliary Bus Receive Bus
Mag. (p.u) Angle (deg.) Mag. (p.u) Angle (deg.) Mag. (p.u) Angle (deg.)
TCSC-1 Without 1.0510 0.25191 – – 1.04436 0.27967
With 0.1782 1.050 0.2562 1.0057 0.27862 1.0466 0.2703
TCSC-2 Without 1.0059 0.299 – – 0.9945 0.3144
With 0.5195 1.0069 0.3046 1.05447 0.24058 0.9946 0.3020
TCSC-3 Without 1.0377 0.2841 – – 1.0279 0.2946
With 0.4294 1.0392 0.2870 1.0378 0.24963 1.0286 0.2690

Table 5
Results of IEEE 30-bus system with four TCSCs.

XTCSC (p.u) Voltage

Send Bus Auxiliary Bus Receive Bus
Mag. (p.u) Angle (deg.) Mag. (p.u) Angle (deg.) Mag. (p.u) Angle (deg.)
TCSC-1 Without 1.0510 0.25191 – – 1.04436 0.27967
With 0.1782 1.0501 0.2546 1.00817 0.28726 1.0464 0.2683
TCSC-2 Without 1.0059 0.299 0.9945 0.3144
With 0.5195 1.0094 0.3132 1.05445 0.23946 0.9971 0.3106
TCSC-3 Without 1.0377 0.2841 1.0279 0.2947
With 0.4294 1.0392 0.2849 1.02145 0.29731 1.0285 0.2666
TCSC-4 Without 1.0189 0.2867 1.0257 0.2777
With 0.4305 1.0220 0.2707 1.0378 0.24705 1.0286 0.2845

are placed between buses 23–32 and buses 65–38. Table 6 and
Table 7 demonstrate the effect of TCSC on the voltages of sending,
auxiliary and receiving buses at different the specified power flow.
In Table 6, different specified powers (110, 120, and 125 MWs) are
selected to be delivered through the line 23–32, the voltage of the
sending bus (23) is improved from 0.9997 p.u to 1.00048 p.u when
installing TCSC with X TCSC equals 0.01678 p.u while the receiving
bus voltage remains at 0.964 p.u.
6. Conclusion
while the reactive power is calculated during the iterative process
based on the system. Once the convergence is achieved, the voltage
magnitudes of TCSC’s buses and the specified active power flow are
used to calculate the final TCSC’s parameters after the convergence.
This proposed model has a good ability to reduce the required
number of iterations and computational time. The proposed TCSC
model is considered more suitable for series compensators. The
standard IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 118-bus test systems
have been carried out to validate the proposed TCSC model in
the load flow algorithm.

This paper has proposed a simple model for TCSC in the NR load Acknowledgements
flow algorithm. In this model, TCSC’s buses have been represented
by two loads buses (the sending and auxiliary buses). The injected The authors thank the support of the National Research and
active power at the two buses equals to the specified active power Development Agency of Chile (ANID), ANID/Fondap/15110019.

Table 6
Results of IEEE 118-bus system with TCSC connected between buses (23–32).

PSP XTCSC (p.u) Voltage

Send Bus Auxiliary Bus Receive Bus
Mag. (p.u) Angle (deg.) Mag. (p.u) Angle (deg.) Mag. (p.u) Angle (deg.)
Without TCSC 0.99971 0.37090 1.08706 0.14598 0.964 0.26278
110 0.0409687 1.000444 0.25378 0.99894 0.20863 0.964 0.07876
120 0.0294171 1.000404 0.24367 0.99953 0.209879 0.964 0.07431
125 0.01678 1.00048 0.24010 1.00012 0.22005 0.964 0.078901

7
S. Kamel, M. Abokrisha, A. Selim et al. Ain Shams Engineering Journal xxx (xxxx) xxx

Table 7
Results of IEEE 118-bus system with TCSC connected between buses (65–38).

PSP XTCSC (p.u) Voltage

Send Bus Auxiliary Bus Receive Bus
Mag. (p.u) Angle (deg.) Mag. (p.u) Angle (deg.) Mag. (p.u) Angle (deg.)
Without TCSC 1.0050 1.005 – – 0.96204 0.29858
190 0.165807 1.0050 0.44858 0.98678 0.124269 0.9574 0.0730
200 0.1297881 1.0050 0.44633 0.989108 0.1740751 0.95700 0.03873
205 0.117854 1.0050 0.44549 0.990066 0.1178544 0.95685 0.02628

Mohamed Abokrisha (Non-member) received the B.

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Francisco Jurado (Non-member) obtained the MSc

Salah Kamel (Non-member) received the international from the Aswan Faculty of Engineering, Egypt, in 2013.
PhD degree from University of Jaen, Spain (Main) and He is Full Professor at the Department of Electrical
Aalborg University, Denmark (Host) in Jan. 2014. He is Engineering of the University of Jaén, Spain. His
an Assistant Professor in Electrical Engineering Depart- research activities have focused on two topics: power
ment, Aswan University. He is currently a Senior systems and renewable energy.
Research Fellow in State Key Laboratory of Power
Transmission Equipment and System Security and New
Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing
University, Chongqing, China. Also, He is a Leader for
power systems research group in the Advanced Power
Systems Research Laboratory (APSR Lab), Aswan, Egypt.
His research activities include power system modeling,
analysis and optimization, renewable energy and smart grid technologies.