Republic of the Philippines

President Ramon Magsaysay State University

San Marcelino, Zambales, Philippines
College of Teachers Education

Detailed Lesson Plan for Grade 8 Science

Name: Gannar, Ma. Isabel R. Subject: Science Date:

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson the learners were able to;
1. explain the concept of a species;
2. classify organisms using the hierarchical taxonomic system;
3. explain the advantage of high biodiversity in maintaining the stability of an
ecosystem;
4. value the importance of biodiversity for our everyday living.

II. CONTENT
Topic: Biodiversity
3.1 Species diversity
3.2 Hierarchical taxonomic system of classification
3.3 Protection and conservation of endangered and economically important specie
Reference:
American Museum of Natural Resources, (n.d). Retrieved on March 15,2022
from https://www.amnh.org/research/center-for-biodiversity-conservation/what-is-
biodiversity

ByJus (n.d). Biodiversity. Retrieved on March 15,2022 from

https://byjus.com/biology/biodiversity/

Materials: Powerpoint, videos, images,

III. Methodology
A. Preliminary Activities
Teacher Learners
1. Greetings
Good morning class. Good morning Ma’am.
2. Checking of Attendance

Miss secretary, who is absent today? Ma’am there is no absent today.

Okay, very good!

1. Checking of Assignment
I already checked your assignment. And
everyone got high scores.
Thank you Ma’am!

So now let’s start our discussion with the word

of prayer.

2. Review of the previous lesson

So before we proceed, let’s have a short

review.

Last time we discussed about the layers of the

atmosphere.

So again, what is atmosphere?

Ma’am, an atmosphere is the thin
layer of air that surrounds the earth. It
is also made up of various gases such
as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxides,
dust particles and water vapour.
Okay, very good!

Also, this atmosphere is divided into different

layers. So we have the; troposphere,

stratosphere,

mesosphere,

thermosphere,

exosphere.

Okay very good!

Again with these 5 layers, where do you think
we live?
Ma’am we humans live in the
troposphere, because in this layer we
have air to breathe also the
troposphere contains about 85% of
the atmosphere's total mass.
Okay very good!

3. Motivation

So before we proceed to our next topic we will

be having an activity entitled
“Saan ako lulugar sa buhay mo”

So here is the direction:

I will be dividing you into 3 groups, and every
group has red flags. I am about to show you
different pictures and you are going to analyze
if that picture belongs to

TREES PLANT

INSECT/
BUG ANIMAL

FUNGI MICROORGANISM
S

Instruction: A group that knows the answer will Yes ma’am.

raise the red flag and will attach the picture on the
board where it belongs. A group that answers
faster and corrects will be considered as a winner.

Is that clear class?

Okay let us start.

Picture 1. Tokay gecko

Picture 2. Vanessa atalanta

Picture 7. Axolotl
Picture 8. Water strider

Picture 9. Chinese banyan

Picture 10. Sugar cane

Picture 11. Dumbo octopus

Picture 12. Mushroom

Okay very good! Congratulations to all the

groups especially to group 3.
Picture 13. Amoeba proteus

Based on our activity or the images shown,

what do you think is our topic for today?

Okay, good! Another?

Okay very good you are almost there.

Excellent! Our topic for today is all about

biodiversity.

Who among you has a prior knowledge about

biodiversity, anyone?
Vergood!
 The word BIODIVERSITY originates
from the Greek word BIOS = LIFE and
Latin word DIVERSITAS = VARIETY
or DIFFERENCE. The whole word BIO
DIVERSITY generally therefore means:
VARIETY OF LIFE.
 Also biodiversity comes from two words
Bio meaning life and diversity
meaning variability.
 Biodiversity is the variety of all living
things; the different plants, animals and
micro organisms, the genetic
information they contain and the
ecosystems they form.

To further understand I prepared here a short

video clip. And I want you to listen and watch
carefully and explain the following terms briefly
and concisely.

1. Species
2. Organisms
3. Population
4. Habitat
5. Living organisms
6. Non-living organisms

So now let us define the following terms.

1. Species

Ma’am I think our topic for today is all

2. Organisms about plants and animals.
 Ma’am I think it is all about different
3. Population species or biome.

Ma’am it is all about biodiversity.

4. Habitat

5. Living organisms
Biodiversity is all the different kinds of
living organisms. The variety of
animals, plants, fungi, and even
6. Non-living organisms microorganisms like bacteria that
make up our natural world. 

 Biodiversity provides functioning
ecosystems that supply oxygen, clean
air and water, pollination of plants, pest
control, wastewater treatment and many
ecosystem services. 
 Biodiversity describes the richness and
variety of life on earth. It is the most
complex and important feature of our
planet. Without biodiversity, life would
not sustain.

Also, this biodiversity has 3 types we have the

  Ecological Biodiversity
 Species Biodiversity
 Genetic Biodiversity

A group of organisms consisting of

similar individuals capable of
exchanging genes or interbreeding.

These are living things capable of

reacting to stimuli, reproduction,
“Ecosystem variety present within a geographical area” growth, and home.

A group of living things in a certain

area of the same species.

Are places where the species can find

food, shelter, protection and mates for
 An ecosystem is a collection of living reproduction.
and non-living organisms and their
interaction with each other. Ecological
biodiversity refers to the variations in Living thing refers to things that are
the plant and animal species living now or once were alive
together and connected by food chains
and food webs. A non-living thing is anything that was
never alive.
 It is the diversity observed among the
different ecosystems in a region.
Diversity in different ecosystems like
deserts, rainforests, mangroves, etc.,
includes ecological diversity.

“Variety of species and abundance of species”

  Species diversity is defined as the
number of different species present in an
ecosystem and relative abundance of each
of those species.

Important factor to species diversity:

 Species richness: Number of different

species present in an ecosystem.
Tropical areas have greater species
richness as the environment is
conducive for a large number of
species.
 Species evenness: Relative
abundance of individuals of each of
those species. If the number of
individuals within a species is fairly
constant across communities, it is said
to have a high evenness and if the
number of individuals varies from
species to species, it is said to have low
evenness. High evenness leads to
greater specific diversity.

It is possible in an ecosystem to have high

species richness, but low species evenness.
For example:

 In a forest, there may have a large

number of different species (high
species richness) but have only a few
members of each species (low species
 evenness)
 In a forest, there may be only a few
plant species (low species richness) but
a large number of each species (high
species evenness)

Importance of Species Diversity

In a healthy ecosystem, diverse and balanced
number of species exists to maintain the
balance of an ecosystem. In an ecosystem, all
the species depend on each other directly or
indirectly. So to make a more efficient,
productive and sustainable ecosystem, it is
important to maintain high species diversity.

“Genetic variability present within the species”

 It refers to the variations among the

genetic resources of the organisms.
Every individual of a particular species
differs from each other in their genetic
constitution. That is why every human
looks different from each other.
 Genetic diversity is the biological variation
that occurs within species. It makes it
possible for species to adapt when the
environment changes. Genetic diversity is
particularly important under rapid
environmental change, such as in the
Baltic Sea.
How does new variation of species formed?
New species form by speciation, in which
an ancestral population splits into two or more
genetically distinct descendant populations.
Speciation involves reproductive isolation of
groups within the original population and
accumulation of genetic differences between
the two groups.

What is speciation?
Speciation is how a new kind of plant or
animal species is created. Speciation occurs when
a group within a species separates from other
members of its species and develops its own
unique characteristics. 

Importance of Genetic diversity

Genetic diversity is important because it

could ensure that certain groups of individuals,
species, or populations will be able to adapt to
certain environmental factors. Besides having
to deal with environmental conditions, genetic
diversity renders them the ability to resist
emerging diseases and epidemics.

Do you have any questions regarding to our

topic?

Very good! So now let us proceed to our

activity.

Can I request everyone to go to your

perspective groups and form a small circle and
let us check if you understand our today's
topic.
None ma’am.

Group 1: (Ecological diversity)

Task prompt: TWO JOINED!

Materials needed:

- Pictures of living and non-living

organisms
- Tooth-pick
- Tape
- Scissors
- Styro foam

Direction: Create your own ecological

 diversity using the following materials
and answer the following questions.

Questions:
1. What is your understanding about
the
2. What is the importance of
ecological diversity?

You will be graded with this following

rubrics.

Cooperation 10 pts.
Neatness 10 pts.
Timeliness 5 pts.
Work shown 10 pts.
Accuracy of the 15 pts.
answer
Total 50 pts.

Group 2: (Species diversity)

Task prompt: SD Card

Materials needed:

 Crayon/oil pastel
 Card board
 Pencil
 Marker

Direction: Make a poster that shows

the presence of “Low and High
Is that clear class? Is there any question? diversity with equal richness.

Questions:
Okay, so if there are no questions, you may 3. What is your understanding about
now start. the species diversity?
4. What is the importance of species
You only have 15 minutes to finish that. diversity?

You will be graded with this following

So now let us check your finished activities. rubric.

Cooperation 5 pts.
Neatness 15 pts.
Timeliness 5 pts.
 Work shown 10 pts.
Accuracy of the 15 pts.
answer
Congratulations class you truly understand our Total 50 pts.
lesson for today.

Group 3: (Genetic diversity)

Task prompt: Variation

Materials needed:

 Bondpaper
 Scissor
 Tape
 Crayon/pastel

Direction: Create an artwork that

illustrates how the variation of species
was formed.
Questions:
5. What is Genetic diversity?
6. Importance of genetic diversity.

You will be graded with this following

rubric.

Cooperation 10 pts.
Neatness 5 pts.
Timeliness 10 pts.
Work shown 10 pts.
Accuracy of the 15 pts.
answer
Total 50 pts.

None.

Okay, ma’am.
 Group 1.

Group 2.

Group 3.

C. Summary of the Lesson

Teacher Learners
Now, class who can give me a short Ma’am we discussed about chemical
summarization on what we have tackled changes. And we have learned that
today? chemical changes occur when a
substance combines with another to
form a new substance.

There are evidences observed when

this chemical change occurs like:
 Change in temperature
 Change in color
 Change in precipitation
 New substance are formed

Examples of Chemical changes are:

1. Burning
2. Curdling
3. Fermentation
4. Rusting
That’s right, very good.

D. Application
Teacher
How do you apply chemical changes in our
everyday living? Give some examples.
Learners
Ma’am I apply it every day. By just
simply cooking, making juice, mixing
cleaning detergents.
 E. Valuing
Teacher Learners
Now, what is the importance of learning about Chemical changes are very important
chemical changes? in our life as they give rise to the
formation of new substances. These
are the base of every type of reaction
in our daily life. Breathing and
Oxidation of food, digestion, circulation,
excretion photosynthesis etc. all life
process are the examples of chemical
changes.

Moreover, you can also use this chemical

change to share the word of God.

So I will show you a short video clip on how

they used it to share the gospel.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=DfQc527xsGw

So as a teacher and students there are

several ways on how are we going to use this
topic not only in our daily physical living but
also in our daily walk with God.

Is that clear class?

Yes ma’am.
IV. Evaluation (5 minutes)
Multiple choices: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

Q1. Which of these is a result of a chemical change?

a. A mixture
b. A solution
c. A new substance
d. Melting or freezing

Q2. Which of the following is a chemical change?

a. the rusting of iron
b. dissolving salt in water
c. melting an ice cube
d. bending a copper wire

Q3. Your mother used pancake mix, eggs, and milk to make pancakes.  Which of these is
the product?
a. the pancake mix
b. the eggs
c. the milk
d. the pancakes

Q4. What is the best definition of a chemical change?

a. A change in the state of matter in which the form changes but the properties stay
the same.
b. A change in the state of matter in which the material is still the same just in a
different form.
c. A change in the state of matter in which the material changes into an entirely
different material with properties that are different from the original material.
d. None of the above.

Q5. Which of these is NOT a sign that a chemical change has occurred? 

a. Change in shape.
b. An unexpected color change
c. A temperature change
d. The formation of a precipitate

V. Homework
 Look to your sorroundings and list down any mixtures that show chemical changes,
then write down your observation(s) before and after the reaction that you believe
provides evidence that a chemical change took place. Be clear and concise; use only
enough detail to communicate your findings.
Reactions Observations
Before After
Sugar + heat Sugar is With heat sugar
powderized became
caramelized
1
2
3
4
5

Prepared by

MA. ISABEL R. GANNAR

IV Science Student-Teacher

Checked by Noted by

JONALYN C. DACAYO, MAED JONALYN C. DACAYO, MAED

Cooperating Teacher LHS Principal