Practical Research I

Week 2 Lesson1
 Arrange the following
jumbled letters to form
meaningful words related
to research.
MEPCLAIRI
EMPIRICAL
AMETSCYSI
SYSTEMATIC
LCNTYAAIAL
ANALYTICAL
OOEDLLTCNR
CONTROLLED
OBJCEETVI
OBJECTIVE
Recall

Why do we need to consider ethical

norms of research?
 Types of Research
Based on the Types of
Data Needed
 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

• is a positivist scientific method which

refers to a general set of orderly
discipline procedures to acquire
information (Beck, 2004). Mostly, it is
concerned with numbers and measurement.
 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

• is defined as the “naturalistic method of

research which deals with the concern of
human difficulty by discovering it
straightly.” (Beck, 2004. It is concerned
with the experiences, understanding and
words of the individual.
 KINDS OF
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
1. Phenomenology
• It is the study of how people give
meaning to their experiences, like the
death of loved ones, care for the people,
and friendliness of the people.
1. Phenomenology
• The word phenomenological means the study of a
phenomenon such as events, situations, or
experiences. It is the best approach to describe
something from different angles and add to the
existing knowledge. Similarly, it focuses on
subjective experiences.
2. Ethnography

• Ethnography is a branch of anthropology that

provides a scientific explanation of human
societies and cultures. It is one of the
most popular and widely used techniques of
qualitative research.
2. Ethnography

• It is understanding of how a particular

cultural group goes about their daily lives
which includes their organizational set-up,
internal operations, and lifestyle
3. Narrative method

The narrative research method occurs over a

long period for compiling the data. It takes a
sequence of events to form a cohesive story.
However, similar to a story narrative, it
takes a subject from a starting point and
reviews different situations of life.
3. Narrative method

The narrative research method occurs over a

long period for compiling the data. It takes a
sequence of events to form a cohesive story.
However, similar to a story narrative, it
takes a subject from a starting point and
reviews different situations of life.
4. Grounded theory method

A phenomenological study describes an event.

Whereas, a grounded theory approach provides
an explanation, reasons, or theory behind that
event. It aims to develop new theories by
collecting and analyzing data about a
phenomenon.
4. Grounded theory method

This occurs when a researcher discovers a new

theory based on the data collected. It is a
research methodology for discovering theory in
a substantive area.
5. Case Study
The case study approach occurs over extended periods of
time to compile information. It involves an in-depth
understanding of a subject such as an event, person,
business, or place.
Similarly, the data is collected from various sources,
including interviews, direct observation, and historical
documentation.
5. Case Study

This study involves an investigation of a person, group,

organization, or situation for a long period of time to explain why
such things occur to the subject under study. Some examples of this
type of study are the fields of social care, nursing, psychology,
rehabilitation centers, education, etc
6. Content and Discourse Analysis

• This method requires the examination or analysis

of the substance or content of the communication
that takes place through letters, books, journals,
photos, video recordings, short message services,
online messages, emails, audio-visual materials, etc.
7. Historical method

The historical method describes past events to

understand present scenarios and predict future
choices. It answers the research questions based on
a hypothetical idea. Later this technique used
multiple resources to test the idea for any
potential challenges.
7. Historical method

This is the study of primary documents to

explain the connection of past events to the
present time. An example of this is explaining
the happenings during the Marcos regime.