Mechanism of Hearing

Introduction:
·
sound waves travel
through external auditory meatus and produce
vibrations in
tympanic membrane middle - ear (bonc) ->
moults in

xibraho
in fluide cochlea
a

Stimulate hair cells and return Action Potential

in in
generated
·

Auditory Impules (ActionPoll reach the corters. -

Perception, sound
& ccurs.

·
Sound waves
->
Action Potential sound transduction]
Role of External Ear:

toward
·
Directs the sound wave
tympanic membrane

·
Wav accumulation prevents conduction
of
sound.

Roley Middle Ear:

sound
pressure changes produced by
membrane to
Tympanic Due
-

membrane vibrates i.e. it in and out

waxes,
tympanic moves

middle
of ear

Tympanic membrane acts as a

resonator

*
 AudOssices: Vibrations set up in tympanic membrane

are transmitted through the malleus ->

Incue-stapes and
can e vibration in cochlear

Impedance Matching: It is the

process by which
tympanic
membrane and
auditory ossics convert the sound
energy
into mechanical vibrations with loss
energy by
minimum
y

matching the
impedance offered by fluid.
·

Impedance matching in the most important function of middle

Without it, conductive
deafness
ear.
occur
 Types of Conduction:
11) Ossicular conduction -

via Normal ossics.

(2) Air conduction -

It occurs in middle ear when there in a

defect in ear ossides

5 like Otosclerosis in disease associated with fixation of

stapes to oval window

(3) Bone conduction: It is the conduction of sound waxes
through
middle bones.
ear
by
conduction shall
·
We hear our voices
by bone
by our

Roley Eustachian to be:

It not concerned with

hearing but responsible for equalizing
·

is

the either side

pressure on
tympanic membrane.

R
ole
of Inner Ear:
Two ImConcepts
8
F

-s

*
 t
Excitation Hair cells
of :

stereocilia of hair cells in

of Corti embedded in tutorial
organ are
o

membrane .

Hair cells
highly fined by cuticular lamina reticular's and
°
are

pilar cells or Rods g

Corti

Vibration Basilar membrane at Resonance point the

of
°

causes

basilar fiber rods g Corti hair

, ,
cells and lamina reticular 's move

unit
as a
single
.

Movement stereocilia A. Potential

Generation Receptor
•

g →
g -

Electrical Events :

Sound transduction in a
type of sensory transduction in hair
cells .

•
Three
types g
electrical events occurs :

Receptor Potential (Cochlear phonic potential )

Micro
car

bi
( Endo cochlear Potential ( Endo lymphatic Potential )
Action Potential
(c , in
auditory Nerve
fibers .
 Role g Hair Cells :

°
Inner
haircuts :
They are
responsible for sound transduction
these receptors cells cells which
i. e are
primary sensory ,

cause the generation g AP in

auditory nerve
fibers .

Outer ells
They shortened
during depolarization &
°

: are

elongated during hyperpolarization .

The
process
in called
Electromotility mecha electrical
or no transduction .

Outer hair cells Cochlear

are
Amplifier they increase
•
as

the amplitude &

sharpness of sound .
Overall:

C
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