ARELLANO UNIVERSITY

Expanded Tertiary Education Equivalency and Accreditation Program (ETEEAP)

REFLECTION PAPER

Name: Joe Aris S. Evangelista Subject: Theories of Personality Chapter: 13

Albert Bandura: Modeling Theory

Virtually every phenomenon that occurs by direct experience can occur vicariously as

well-by observing other people and the consequences for them. – Albert Bandura. Albert

Bandura, a psychologist, proposed the modeling theory, which postulated that learning happens

through imitation, modeling, and observation and is influenced by things like attention,

motivation, attitudes, and emotions. The idea takes into account how environmental and

cognitive factors interact to influence how people learn. According to the theory, learning

happens as a result of people seeing the results of other people's actions. Bandura's theory goes

beyond cognitive theories, which take into account psychological factors like attention and

memory, and behavioral theories, which contend that all behaviors are learnt through

conditioning. The narrative that follow should explain how observing other peoples behavior

either directly through social interactions with others or indirectly through media contributed

in the Modeling Theory of Bandura. How Rewarded behavior is more likely to be imitated,

whereas discouraged behavior is avoided become part of the theory.

Anyone can have an impact on us and serve as an example. Teachers act as role models

for kids. Learning via imitation and association is at the heart of modeling theory. The media

controls how we live. Our social status is determined by what we have, who we are, and how

others view us; we alter it in response to the information in the media and other outside

influences on which we are exposed.

Bandura supported modeling, a method of behavior modification that entails studying

other people's conduct (the models) and performing alongside them the desired conduct.
through modeling, by watching a model's behavior, and when the conduct is repeated, it is

possible to get reactions that people have never performed or presented previously and to

amplify or diminish existing reactions. Using the well-known Bobo doll studies, Bandura

demonstrated how a person, such as a kid, will copy actions that an adult exhibit. Bobo the doll

experiments demonstrated how an adult model could influence a research volunteer (a toddler)

to provoke aggressive responses that were not exhibited with the same children who hadn't

seen the models were strong. With the use of the well-known Bobo doll research, Bandura

showed how a person, like a child, will imitate an adult's actions. doll named Bobo Experiments

showed the power of an adult model to sway a research participant (a toddler) to elicit hostile

reactions that weren't shown by the same kids who had not seen the models were significant.

According to Bandura's analysis of the nature of observation and imitation, it is controlled by

four interconnected mechanisms: incentive and motivational processes, production processes,

attentional processes, and retention processes. Attentional Processes, increasing our cognitive

and perceptual abilities to be able to paying adequate attention to a model and correctly

interpreting the model enough to mimic the behavior being demonstrated. Example:

Maintaining alertness throughout a driving school course. Retention Processes, we employ our

cognitive processes to create mental pictures and verbal descriptions of the model's action in

order to retain or remember it so that we might copy or repeat it in the future. Example: writing

notes on the class notes or the driving demonstration video. Production Processes, physically

creating the reactions and obtaining feedback on the accuracy of our continuous conduct allows

us to transform the mental images or verbal symbolic representations of the model's behavior

into our own overt behavior. practice. Example: Driving around the school parking area in a

car with a driving teacher to practice changing gears and avoiding traffic cones. Incentive and

motivational processes: believing that the model's action results in a reward and anticipating

that our successful learning and performance of the same will follow comparable outcomes
will follow similar behavior. Example: Believing we will pass the state test and be issued a

driver's license once we have perfected the art of driving. According to Bandura's theory of

personality, one self is not some type of telepathic force that decides or influences actions.

Instead, the self is a collection of mental structures and functions involved in perception and

thought. Self-reinforcement and self-efficacy are two key facets of the self. In creating his

social-cognitive theory, Bandura aimed to alter or transform those beliefs acquired habits

regarded as unpleasant or deviant by society. akin to Skinner's in his therapeutic method,

Bandura placed an emphasis on the external factors, such as those harmful or improper

behaviors, on the theory that all actions are acquired. No attempt was made by Bandura to

resolve any alleged underlying unconscious problems. Behavior therapy was established by

Bandura in three different ways: modeling, facilitated involvement, and covert modeling.

Examples of these strategies for overcoming anxieties, phobias, and fears will be shown.

Modeling treatment, especially when done with online video approaches, has a number

of useful benefits. One can view complex behaviors as a whole. Editing can be used to remove

unnecessary behaviors so that the subject only sees the behaviors that are important to their

study. very same videos can be used by multiple therapists at once and repeated with numerous

patients. Groups can also employ modeling techniques, which will save time and money.

treating those who have the same issue. This method has proven successful in treating phobias,

obsessive-compulsive disorders, and sexual maladjustment According to reports, the beneficial

effects persist for years. Considerable Self-efficacy both before and after behavioral therapy

has been studied. The findings indicate that as the individuals' self-efficacy increased

throughout the course of treatment, they became increasingly capable of handling the cause of

the fear. The actual treatment process was what increased self-efficacy.

Bandura's Modeling theory has already had significant effects on education in as well

as influencing other psychologists. Today, both parents and teachers are aware of how crucial
it is to provide a good example. The social learning theory is also the foundation for other

teaching techniques including motivating students and fostering self-efficacy. Bandura noted

that learning everything through personal experience would make life extremely challenging

and perhaps deadly. Learning new information and abilities depends heavily on what we

observe in others. You can better appreciate the significant influence that observation has on

how we learn and act if you are familiar with the social learning theory.

Overt behavior is the main emphasis of social learning theory. This emphasis, according

to critics, ignores fundamentally human interior personality traits like motivation and emotion.

They compare it to a doctor whose patients complain of stomach aches. Such individuals may

be treated by the doctor, who solely deals with overt behavior, by urging them to cease.

They were moaning, whining, and gripping their tummies. Alternatives like medicine or

surgery can be necessary. The affected internal organ, which is the underlying source of the

pain, must be identified and treated by the doctor. Critics assert that if the cause is not addressed

in addition to the symptom, substitute symptoms may develop.

We know now how observing other people’s behavior either directly through social

interactions with others or indirectly through media contributed in the Modeling Theory of

Bandura. And how Rewarded behavior is more likely to be imitated, whereas discouraged

behavior is avoided became part of the theory. Vicarious reinforcement is the process of

teaching behavior by imitating the actions of others and anticipating the benefits of doing the

same. These are the mediating mechanisms: cognitive processes between the stimulus and the

response, and to manage behavior through self-control and self-reinforcing mechanisms.

Reference

SCHULTZ, D. P., & SCHULTZ, S. E. (2016). THEORIES OF PERSONALITY (11th ed.).

CENGAGE LEARNING.

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ALITY/Theories%20of%20Personality.pdf