Reliability and Maintenance

Management
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Lifecycle of Engineered Objects
 Life Cycle

• Life cycle refers to the entire spectrum of activity for a given

engineered object
- from identification of a consumer need and extending through
design and development, production and/or construction,
operational use, sustaining maintenance and support, and finally the
retirement and phase-out/ disposal

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 Life Cycle - Perspectives

• Life cycle of an object can be of interest due to various factors such

as:
- Cost
- Impact on Environment
- Reliability
- Aesthetics etc

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Classification of Life Cycle

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 Classification of Life Cycle

Novelty, Features etc important Competitors & Alternatives available

Price less important Price important

Early & Late majority

Innovators 30-35 % + 30-35 %
2-5 % Imitators Laggards
12-16 % 12 - 16 %

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 Classification of Life Cycle
- Is the business - Conceptual phase - Prototype - Actual
idea feasible? (alternate designs developed manufacturing
- What are examined, - Performance - Resources sorted
customers’ appropriate assessed through out and organised
required concept finalised) testing
characteristics? - Detailed design
- Implications for and specifications
development, (materials,
acquisition, components etc) - Provide
marketing etc warranties
- Communicating
value of product/ - Rectify failures
service to
customers
- May go back to - Procedures/ - Distribution
phase 2 if test standards set up channels,
results require so to establish basis promotion media,
for ascertaining pricing etc
conformance - Bring product to
the customer
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Classification of Life Cycle

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 Classification of Life Cycle

Contract Design Development Built Delivery Post-Delivery

• Customer’s • Similar to • Similar to • May be on-site • Rigorous • Similar to

requirements standard standard • Requires testing as per standard
& ability of products products efficient contract products
builder to • Customer project • Shortcomings
deliver the involved management addressed if
object jointly and resource agreed
decided coordination performance
• Legal contract • Heavy criteria not
(covering all penalties for met
aspects) either side if • If criteria can
reached contract not be met,
requirements settlement
not met reached legally
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 Classification of Life Cycle

Operations &
Contract Fabrication Delivery Discard
Maintenance

• Tenders invited • Contract • Rigorous • Complex and • Environmental

• Detailed finalised testing as per important regulations
contract • Payment contract • Builder trains compliance
outlined details sorted • Shortcomings buyer’s teams
• Source of • Largely similar addressed if regarding
ambiguities to standard agreed operations &
removed products performance maintenance
criteria not • Emergency
met spares
provided
• Builder may be
given
maintenance
contract
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Reliability: Product Life Cycle Perspective

NPD perspective

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Reliability: Product Life Cycle Perspective
Different
notions of
Product
Reliability

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Reliability: Product Life Cycle Perspective
Different
notions of
Plant
Reliability

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 Life Cycle Cost

• Life cycle cost refers to the total costs associated with an object
(product, plant, or infrastructure) over its useful life
• LCC from the manufacturer’s perspective is different from that of the
customer, in terms of cost elements included

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 Life Cycle Cost

• Manufacturer’s Perspective
‣ LCC = Design and development cost + manufacturing cost +
marketing + post sale service support cost

• Customer’s Perspective
‣ LCC = acquisition cost + operating cost + cost of maintenance +
disposal cost

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Importance of Life Cycle Cost

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Questions?