REVIEWER IN MATHEMATICS 3 RD GRADING

RATIO AND PROPORTION

 RATIO is a comparison of two numbers by division.
 PROPORTION is a statement which states that two ratios are equal and proportional.
 The four numbers a, b, c, and d are called terms of the proportion
 The number a is called the first term, b is called the second term, c is called third term, and d is called the fourth
term.
 The first and fourth terms, a and d, are called the EXTREMES of the proportion.
 The second and third terms, b and c, are called the MEANS of the proportion
SIMILAR POLYGONS
 In geometry, two figures that have the same shape are called similar.
 Two polygons are similar polygons if
1. Corresponding angles are congruent and
2. Corresponding side lengths are proportional.
 In diagram, ABCD is similar to EFGH. The symbol (~) indicates similarity. So, you can write ABCD ~ EFGH. When
you refer to similar polygons, list their corresponding vertices in the same order.
 If two polygons are similar, then the ratio of the lengths of two corresponding sides is called the scale factor.
SIMILAR TRAINGLES
 Postulate is a statement, also known as an axiom, which is taken to be true without proof
- Are the basic structure from which lemmas and theorems are derived
 Lemma is a minor result whose sole purpose is to help in proving a theorem.
 Theorem is a proposition or statement in math that can be proved and has already been proven true.
 AA SIMILARITY POSTULATE – If two angles of one triangle are equal to two angles of another triangle, then the
triangles are similar.
 SSS SIMILARITY THEOREM – If three sides of one triangle are proportional to the three sides of another triangle,
then the triangles are similar.
 SAS SIMILARITY THEOREM – If an angle of one triangle is equal to an angle of another triangle and the sides
including theses angles are proportional, then the triangles are similar.
 The perimeter of similar polygons are proportional to the corresponding sides .