DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following terms were defined conceptually and operationally to clarify and enhance understanding:

Anode. The anode is the negative or reducing electrode that undergoes electrochemical reactions and
releases electrons to the external circuit while oxidizing (Components of Cells and Batteries, n.d).

In this study, the anode is the part of MFCs wherein in an anaerobic state which means there is
no oxygen supply to the container, and the caps are air sealed and have an opening slot only for
methane and other kinds of gases generated by organisms.

Cathode. The positive or oxidizing electrode known as the cathode is reduced during the
electrochemical reaction after receiving electrons from the external circuit (Components of Cells and
Batteries, n.d).

In this study, the cathode is the part of MFCs wherein is completely kept in an aerobic condition
which helps for oxygen generation for aerated/aerated wastewater.

Domestic Wastewater. Wastewater originates from domestic and residential sources and is produced
during routine living activities including cleaning dishes, doing laundry, and taking a shower (Water
Sources, 2020).

In this study, domestic wastewater is the used water at home.

Electrical Energy. Electrical energy is power that is either carried by an electric current or stored in an
electric field. Electrical energy is just one of the many types of energy, and energy is defined as the
capacity to perform work. (Forum, n.d.).

In this study, electrical energy is the power that is measured by the voltage that is the product
or output of the resources used in the MFCs.

Ground. It is a ground that is electrically and physically connected to the earth by means of a conductive
substance like copper, aluminum, or an alloy of aluminum (National Electrical Code (NEC), 2019).

In this study, the ground is used to describe the soil - there two types of soil are to be used,
wetland and dry soil.
Microbial Fuel Cell. Energy security, global warming, and wastewater management are the three main
sustainability issues facing the world today. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have shown immense potential
as a one-stop solution for all three. MFCs serve as a cross-disciplinary research platform for the
engineering and natural sciences.

In this study, MFCs is a device that is used for the conversion of chemical to electrical energy
using microorganisms.

Multimeters. A digital multimeter is a test tool used to measure two or more electrical values—
principally voltage (volts), current (amps) and resistance (ohms). It is a standard diagnostic tool for
technicians in the electrical/electronic industries.