1.

2 Growth of Mall Culture in India Some obvious reasons for the expansion of Malls in India are as
follows:  More discretionary income of the middle class.  Increase in young population within the
age bracket of 18-30 years.  Enthusiasm in a different shopping experience that never existed
before.  The marketing strategy of the business houses resulting in changing demand of consumers
in general.  The increasing population of metro cities and urban areas.  Newer designs of malls and
strategies of sellers aiming to provide a pleasurable experience to the new generation of mall goers.

Uttar Pradesh has the distinction of having several historically prominent cities
which for ages have been hubs for purchasing all forms of handicrafts and
exotic products during the visit to that particular city. These markets have
been viable since the Mughal era. The exotic bazaars organized by the
Empress Noorjahan have been documented in various histories. During the
cool summer evenings it is  considered adventurous, exciting and even
fashionable to stroll along these shopping havens and drink in the culture of
the place while haggling with the traders and merchants of exotic
merchandise.

They often organized the bazaars which would have all kinds of ware of
everyday and luxury use. These would tend to range from a wide variety of
items that included all kinds of luxury goods like ‘iters’ or perfumes, and
clothes of all textures, hues and quality. There were displayed in these
markets some of the world’s most exquisite luxury items ranging from soaps
and lotions to all kinds of exotic fruits and edibles. Thus, there was a sum total
of a large number of goods to be sold to an elite and royal clientele in most of
the cities of Uttar Pradesh.

Mostly the Mughal women used to live in ‘purdah’ or were habituated to

remain behind the scenes yet they had a big hand to play in the markets. It is
said that Noorjahan, the Empress herself, was known for her eminent
concoctions which she produced herself, especially rose essence. There were
also other well known and very popular indigenous fragrances used by the
royalty and commoners alike. These fragrances are ‘Khus’, ‘chandan’ or
sandal wood and ‘Kewra’. The delicate floral bouquet of all these subtle
fragrances is most delicate and lasts for a very longtime. The decor and
ambience of these special ladies oriented bazaars or ‘meena bazars’ as they
were called was unique and exclusively maintained unlike the common
markets elsewhere.

This concept of lady products oriented markets or bazaars has been kept alive
to some extent in the major cities of Uttar Pradesh, namely Lucknow, Agra,
Allahabad, Vrindavan, Mathura, Varanasi and several others. There is a very
large range of luxury products that are on display to be bought by the
discerning tourists and those who appreciate the good life and all its trappings.
Uttar Pradesh has on offer a large number of handicrafts manufactured by its
rural artisans. The tourists always are on the look out for exotic products that
have some or the other intrinsic value.

https://www.uponline.in/about/tourism/shopping-in-uttar-pradesh

Shopping malls: the latest venues for kids learning are not only offering sheer
convenience and facilities but also helping the mall developers in generating
increased footfalls due to its fixed clientele at the same time.

Shopping malls are not restricted to just shopping areas anymore, they are
coming up as viable venues for kids learning centers as well. Recently,
Singapore-based Julia Gabriel Centre for Learning (JGCL) opted to open its
branch at the DLF Place mall located in Saket in south Delhi for children
between six months to 16 years. Located at the first floor of the high-end mall,
the learning center is equipped with modern facilities and cordoned off from
the rest of the shopping centre activities.

The concept of a learning center inside a shopping mall is said to be the first
of its kind in the country, where 95 per cent of the market including pre-school
and kids centers are dominated by aunty-next-door kind of business model. At
present, there are around 11 major chains and approximately 10 smaller
players active in the space. According to a recent report on education by
Kaizen Management Advisors, pre-schools are estimated to be worth Rs 2,300
crore and the market is expected to grow to Rs 4,600 crore market by 2012.

Until now, most of these pre-schools and similar centers have preferred to be
around residential areas as Pradeep Pillai, Head – Strategic Acquisition at
Zee Learn says, “We always choose ground floors with a play area in
residential colonies.” Lina Ashar, Founder & Chairperson at Kangaroo Kids
Education Ltd. also mentioned, “Residential areas can be accessed easily,
which is the actual catchment area.”

 
Convenience and facilities

However, a shopping mall as venue for kids learning centers is attracting all
those players who want to explore the space for its convenience and facilities.
According to Meenakshi Chibba, MD at Julia Gabriel Center for Learning
(JGCL), it is very difficult to get the right property in land blocked cities like
Delhi. Besides the space crunch, there is lack of adequate parking area and
this is where a mall solves all the problems, she said.

Ashar of Kangaroo Kids says, “We look at venues taking into consideration all
the factors involved – accessibility, affordability and safety. In fact, we have a
mall model called Kangaplay and are exploring opportunities for this.”
Kangaplay was opened at Orchid City Center mall in Mumbai offering pre-
school activities and interactive sessions.

She further said, “Our Kangaplay model is specifically developed to address

the challenges that having a learning center in a shopping area has. This
location category is at a nascent level now; may get to see this increasingly as
more and more premium players enter the market.” She believes that working
parents would put their children at such centers which are close to their office
for the comfort factor and the assurance that the child’s time is being put to
good use.

Business model

“The opening of the learning center has helped in increasing the footfalls to a
certain level. We are getting 500 kids every week. We consider it an excellent
concept as while the kids are attending the classes their parents or
grandparents who accompany them can indulge themselves to shopping or
eating at the mall,” said Vivek Kaul, Head – Retail Leasing at DLF Place
Saket.

 
Kaul further confirmed that the success of the learning center in the mall has
generated a lot of inquiry from the mall developers as well as from the clients’
side on how to repeat the concept. Supporting the business concept Munish
Baldev, Head Retail at Unitech Group said, “We are open to such kind of
business concepts.”

He feels that category based retail such as pharmacy, opticians, banks or

learning centers will pull more people as they have a fixed and permanent
clientele.

Retail rental

According to Ashwani Sareen, AVP Sales & Marketing for Residential,

Commercial an d Retail at Orris Infrastructure Pvt Ltd. feels that the
participation would not be as successful as it is perceived. He says, “Mall
developers would not be interested in negotiating rentals with an off-retail
segment like them because they have to achieve certain average rentals. In
case of vanilla stores or an anchor store, even if they do revenue sharing
deal, they know if footfalls increase, more revenue will generate. But in case
of this kind of business everything is fixed and not much gain will be
achieved.” Meanwhile, Kaul of DLF Saket holds a different opinion. He says,
“Rental is also important to us but we being landmark developers, we are
more focused towards values and hence we have to come out with unique
concepts that can pull people to the mall on a weekly basis.”

Also Baldev of Unitech Group feels that these kinds of learning centers are
capital intensive and high on business, therefore, even though the rental might
be high they will manage to generate business.

While Pillai at Zee Learn says, “A shopping center is not conducive for a
child’s learning or safety of the preschool. An activity center will definitely
work but not a full-fledged pre-school.” However, Ashar of Kangaroo Kids
opines, “It really depends on the business model of the pre-schools and the
demand for such centers. With rising affordability and purchasing power, we
may see parents not caring about the pinch in the pocket as long as there is
some value in the service provided. For large-format malls, a learning center
might not just be another rental client – there are options to make this format
viable and we usually work on these.”
https://www.indianretailer.com/article/whats-hot/trends/Learning-at-Shopping-Malls.a289/

The Value of Shopping Centers in

Communities
While many retailers are transitioning from the physical world of brick and mortar stores
seeking an online storefront, we, at Eidi Properties, feel that shopping centers bring
value to our communities. Therefore we have proudly increased our commitment to
neighborhood shopping plazas. Ramy Eidi, President and CEO of Eidi Properties, is
fond of saying, “until you can get a haircut online, shopping centers are here to stay”.

There are certain advantages to some online shopping developments, but the rush out
of the physical door seems too hasty. Sure, stores like Amazon have tremendous buying
power and therefore can undercut many retailers on a price for price basis, but what they
can’t do is replace the human experience that is involved in shopping that goes beyond
merely acquiring merchandise. This can be seen by virtue of Amazon buying Whole
Foods in order to have physical stores.

Shopping has evolved into a much more dimensional experience than simply purchasing
desired goods. People need a place to get out of the house. People want to stop and
grab an ice cream cone. You can’t email your clothes to the dry cleaner and doing
physical comparisons is still one of the many ways people like to experience what they
buy.

A driving factor in why we are committed to neighborhood shopping centers is how they
are good for the local community. By having a place for people to shop, the community
profits. People are needed to work in the stores and maintain the structures. Shopping
centers drive local development, adding value to the whole community.

Local stores provide tax revenue to the local treasuries, which support communal
institutions like schools, local sports and infrastructure. And people who earn money
spend money. By providing places to work and do business, we expand the investment
into our local economy as well. Each dollar earned gets circulated through the economy
via spending, which further grows economic opportunities. This cycle helps
entrepreneurs as well as consumers and workers within a community.

When someone buys from Amazon, they contribute to commerce, but that commerce
doesn’t belong to a neighborhood or community. Shopping centers concentrate their
impact on the local economy. Because of that we are happy to contribute and commit to
investments into our neighborhoods, towns, organizations and people. We view profits
as more than what can be seen on a profit and loss statement. Profits are how we
impact the world and particularly the world that immediately surrounds us.
By supporting local investments, we also create platforms for others to leverage their
needs. By having local stores, our friends and families can more easily find sponsors for
local sports teams, youth organizations, clubs and fundraisers. Even if a store is a
national chain, if it has a local presence through a franchize, then local organizations can
connect easily with the franchisee in order to obtain sponsorship.

The digital world is great. It has done positive and powerful things to improve people’s
consumer options and grow economies worldwide. It is important to understand,
however, it has augmented shopping and not replaced the need for local, physical
shopping options. Remember, you can’t get your haircut online and until you can, local
shopping centers will remain valuable.

https://eidiproperties.com/2018/02/16/the-value-of-shopping-centers-in-communities/

Shopping malls are an important part of life in the regions of Uttar Pradesh. There has been a steady
increase in the demand for mall space in Uttar Pradesh, although the growth in Uttar Pradesh
shopping malls over the past decade has experienced some problems such as excessive

Cost of real estate and construction, not adequate infrastructure, non-profit government policy
plans and not enough professional expertise in the development and management of shopping
malls. All of this has led to low occupancy rates and reduced income for many tenants and mall
owners. Many parts of Uttar Pradesh are witnessing new malls and hence it becomes quite
important to keep a track of the mall behavior of the customers in the mall and how it has changed
as this mall will provide. Management with valuable instructions which will be beneficial for mall
management and new mall developers

PROFILE OF BANGALORE Though Bangalore has a modern image, it is an ancient city. According to an
inscription found in Parvathy Nageswara temple in Begur, Bangalore is one thousand years old.
According to another version, Bangalore was founded in the year 1537 A.D by Sri Kempagowda, the
chieftain of Yelahanka and a feudatory of the Vijayanagar Empire. At a later stage, great personalities
like Sir Mokshagundam Visweswaraiah and Sir Mirza Ismail had played a very important role in the
development of Bangalore as a modern and Industrial city. Bangalore has earned quite a few
sobriquets. It is called the Garden City because of the vast amount of greenery and the large number
parks and lakes. It is called the Silicon Valley of India because of its IT exports. It is the home of about
1700 IT companies. At present it has large number of Hi-tech corporate hospitals attracting patients
from all over India and abroad. Of late, the city is renamed as Bengaluru. Bangalore is the third
fastest growing metropolis and the fourth largest FMCG market in the country. Bangalore city has an
array of shopping malls, plazas and markets. Commercial Street, M G Road and the Brigade Road are
the popular places to shop. While M G road has exclusive outlets for traditional silks, Commercial
Street is popular for designer clothes, dress materials, fabrics, shoes and art jewelleries. 33
Bangalore is the home to all

Uttar Pradesh is the rainbow land where the Indian Culture has blossomed from times
immemorial. Blessed with a variety of geographical land and many cultural diversities,
Uttar Pradesh, has been the area of activity of historical heroes like - Rama, Krishna,
Buddha, Mahavira, Ashoka, Harsha, Akbar and Mahatma Gandhi.
Rich and tranquil expanses of meadows, perennial rivers, dense forest land, and fertile
soil of Uttar Pradesh have contributed numerous golden chapters to the annals of Indian
History. Dotted with various holy shrines and pilgrim places, full of joyous festivals, it
plays an important role in the politics, education, culture, industry, agriculture and
tourism of India.
Garlanded by the Ganga and Yamuna, the two pious rivers of Indian mythology, Uttar
Pradesh is surrounded by Bihar in the East, Madhya Pradesh in the South, Rajasthan,
Delhi, Himachal Pradesh and Haryana in the west and Uttaranchal in the north and
Nepal touch the northern borders of Uttar Pradesh, it assumes strategic importance for
Indian defense.
Its area of 2, 36, 286 sq kms. lies between latitude 24 deg to 31 deg North and longitude
77 deg to 84 deg East. Area wise it is the fourth largest State of India. In sheer
magnitude it is half of the area of France, three times of Portugal, four times of Ireland,
seven times of Switzerland, ten times of Belgium and a little bigger than England.
The British East India Company came into contact with the Awadh rulers during the reign
of IIIrd Nawab of Awadh. There is no doubt that the history of Uttar Pradesh has run
concurrently with the history of the country during and after the British rule, but it is also
well-known that the contribution of the people of the State in National Freedom
Movement had been significant.

Uttar Pradesh, a land of cultural and geographical diversity, blessed by innumerable

tranquil expanses of meadows, perennial rivers, dense forests and fertile soil plays a
very important role in the politics, education, culture, industry, agriculture and Tourism of
India.
Viewed as the largest tourist destination in India. It is situated in the northern part of
India and its neighboring states are Uttaranchal, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan,
Haryana, Delhi, Himanchal Pradesh and whereas Nepal is the neighboring country.
Himalayas in the north and is garlanded by Ganga and Yamuna. Throughout the lengths
of the Ganga and the Yamuna right from their sources down to their majestic deltas, the
land abounds with beautiful spots and pilgrim centers.
Uttar Pradesh has a glorious history, the land of Rama, Krishna, Buddha and Mahavir.
The epics Ramayana and the Mahabharata, were written in Uttar Pradesh, a land
replete with tales of ages gone by, of tales about Lord Rama and his kingdom of
Ayodhya, of the Buddha and his teachings, of the Mughals and their art, culture and
exquisite architecture, and of the British and the First War of Indian Independence in
1857.
It is also home of India's most visited site, the Taj Mahal, The oldest living and holiest
city Varanasi, countless shrines and pilgrimages which hold a special significance in the
lives of the Indian people. Uttar Pradesh also possesses several most respected
pilgrimages of Muslims such as Dargahs, Mosques and Tombs while it is the heart of
Buddhism and origin of Jainism.
There are other cities of Uttar Pradesh such as Mathura- Vrindavan which will pacify and
mollify your inner self and make your pilgrimage tour completely soothing and ethereal.
Kathak, one of the eight forms of Indian classical dances, is originated from Uttar
Pradesh. Cuisine of Uttar Pradesh like Awadhi cuisine and Mughlai cuisine, are very
famous not only in India but also abroad.
Uttar Pradesh is known to be shopper's delight. Nowhere in India you get a range of
products on offering as in Uttar Pradesh. Moradabad is famous throughout the world for
its brassware and bronzes. Nearby is Aligarh, a town famous for its locks, Firozabad is
famous for Bangles andAfter the Persian and Arabian carpets it comes the turn of our
local carpets prepared at Awadh region, Lucknow world famous for Chikankari works on
the clothes. In the eastern Uttar Pradesh region, Varanasi is famous for its Zardozi
works.The city is also famous for its saris. The Banarsi Saris are a must buy in Indian
weddings.Bareilly is famous for Zardozi work and Saharanpur is famous for wood work
Almost each and every town of Uttar Pradesh has something or other for you to offer
because the state has a rich art, culture and tradition, which make the popular items for
shopping in Uttar Pradesh.

Uttar Pradesh is not only a geographical unit, but also a confluence of cultures, a unique
symbol of Ganga-Jamuni civilization. Therefore, it is a centre of a specific life style,
mannerism, thinking, traditions, historical past, tolerance, healthy and positive
competetiveness, ideology and a place to fight for human rights. Here, the first war of
independence was fought by the common people, farmers, labourers and it gained its
name "Uttar Pradesh" after independence.
Hindu, Muslims and Christians all jointly celebrate the festivals of Holi, Dipawali,
Christmas and Eid. This cultural weaving can also be seen in the field of architecture.
Panch Mahal of Sikri, Attala Masjid of Jaunpur, Akbar's tomb at Sikandra have the
glimpses of Buddhist architecture.
The history of Uttar Pradesh is very much associated with the broad history of India. It
dates back to 4000 years. Formerly the area of Uttar Pradesh was occupied by Aryans
or the Dasas and their main occupation was agriculture. The Aryans through conquests
occupied the adjoining areas. The state was the heart of Mahabharata war.
They laid the foundations of its civilization in the region. It was during the days of the
Aryans inhabitation in the region that epics of Mahabharata, Ramayana, Brahmanas and
Puranas were composed.
It was sometime around the middle of the 1st millennium BC that Uttar Pradesh saw the
advent of Lord Buddha and the spread of Buddhism. Around the time Lord Buddha
delivered his first sermon at Dhamek Stupa in Sarnath, Uttar Pradesh was under the
Magadh rule.

The Chaukhandi Stupa here marks the spot where Lord Buddha met his disciples.
Besides Kuru, Panchalas, Vatsas, and Videhas etc. formed the early region of the state.
These regions were known as Madhyadesa. During Ashoka`s role, several public
welfare works were taken up.
During the rule of Magadha Empire, Buddhism and Jainism developed into this region. It
was a period of administrative and economic advancement.
The power was subsequently shifted to the Nanda dynasty and then to the Mauryas.
However the city reached its pinnacle of glory during the reign of Harshavardhana. The
historical background of Uttar Pradesh has a lot to do with the advent of the Muslim rule.
The period witnessed the subjugation of the Rajputs whose power was confined to the a
few pockets of Rajasthan. Uttar Pradesh reached the peak of prosperity during the
Mughal rule, and particularly during the rule of Emperor Akbar.
In due course of time, Uttar Pradesh witnessed the decadence of Mughal rule and the
advent of the British. The Mughal influence was restricted to the Doab region.
The British East India Company came into contact with the Awadh rulers during the reign
of third Nawab of Awadh. There is no doubt that the history of Uttar Pradesh has run
concurrently with the history of the country during and after the British rule, but it is also
well-known that the contribution of the people of the state in the national freedom
movement had been significant.
From the rule of Rama to the rule of British, Uttar Pradesh has seen it all.