PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY

URDANETA CITY CAMPUS, URDANETA CITY, PANGASINAN

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

RESEARCH WORK NO. ar programming

DATE ISSUED: MARCH 02, 2023

TITLE: “A Proposed Mixed Use Development

High Rise Structure in Urdaneta City”

COURSE AND TITLE: STUDENT NAME: DATE DUE: FINAL

AD 428 – ARCHITECTURAL GUMALLAOI, JUDELLE V. March 10, RATING:
DESIGN 08 2023
INSTRUCTOR: COURSE/YEAR/SECTION: DATE
SUBMITTED:
AR. ALVEN T. BACTAD, uap BS-ARCHITECTURE 4-a
FACULTY INSTRUCTOR March
2023
 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 08
ARCHITECTURAL PRORAMMING

CONTENTS

A. LOCATION
B. INTRODUCTION
C. DEMOGRAPHICS
D. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
E. OBJECTIVES
F. HISTORY
G. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
H. COMPUTATIONS
I. SITE ANALYSIS
J. TRAFFIC ANALYSIS
K. SWOT ANALYSIS
L. DESIGN CONCEPT
M. SPACE REQUIREMENTS
N. BUBBLE DIAGRAM
O. MATRIX ANALYSIS
P. REFERENCES
 HISTORY
ETYMOLOGY. THERE ARE SEVERAL VERSIONS AS TO HOW THE NAME OF URDANETA
EVOLVED. ACCORDING TO THE PURISTS, THE CORRECT NAME OF URDANETA SHOULD
HAVE BEEN “ORGANIST SO, SINCE ITS SPANISH ROOT WORD WAS ORGANO. THE
THEORISTS, ON THE OTHER HAND, BELIEVED THAT ORGANITA, WHICH DENOTES
“LITTLE ORGAN UNITS, WAS THE ORIGINAL NAME OF THE CITY GIVEN THAT THE
PLACE WAS THEN COMPOSED OF PORTIONS OF BARRIOS OF NEIGHBORING TOWNS
WERE TRAVELERS AND TRADERS CONVERGED. SINCE EDUCATION IN THE EARLY
DAYS WAS CENTERED IN THE POBLACION, THE LACK OF EDUCATION AND POOR
GRAMMAR OF THE PEOPLE LED TO THE WRONG ARTICULATION OF ORGANITA. IT IS
PROBABLE THAT NICOLAS ALONZO MANRIQUE, O.P., THE CITYS FIRST “CURA
PARROCO, RECOMMENDED THE NAME “URDANETA SINCE IT WAS EUPHONIOUS TO
ORGANITA.

BRIEF HISTORY. URDANETA WAS ORGANIZED INTO A PUEBLO ON JANUARY 8, 1858

WHEN THE CONTIGUOUS SETTLEMENT OF THE PIONEERING INHABITANTS, MOSTLY
ILOCANOS AND A SPRINKLING OF PANGASINENSES, MET ALL REQUIREMENTS OF
BECOMING A TOWN. IT CAME INTO EXISTENCE FROM THE CONGLOMERATION OF
PORTIONS OF BARRIOS FROM THE SURROUNDING TOWNS OF ASINGAN, VILLASIS,
MALASIQUI, STA. BARBARA, MANGALDAN, MANAOAG AND BINALONAN.
THE PETITIONERS FOR THE CREATION OF THE NEW INDEPENDENT TOWN IDENTIFIED
THEMSELVES AS CABEZAS TENIETES REPRESENTING THE INHABITANTS OF BARRIOS
BATAD IN ASINGAN, NANCAMALIRAN IN STA. BARBARA AND CAOCALAN IN
MANGALDAN. THEY PROPOSED THAT THE NEW TOWN BE NAMED SOLDEVILLA, IN
HONOR OF THE ALCALDE MAYOR OF THE PROVINCE AT THAT TIME, SENIOR DON
MANUEL BOUTELON Y SOLDEVILLA. HOWEVER, THE ALCALDE MAYOR HIMSELF
DECLINED THE HONOR AND INSTEAD PROPOSED THE NAME URDANETA, WITH THE
RECOMMENDATION OF THE PARISH PRIEST, FR. NICOLAS MANRIQUE ALONZO AS THE
FIRST CURA PAROCCO.
THE TOWN WAS NAMED IN HONOR OF FATHER ANDRES DE URDANETA. FATHER
ANDRES DE URDANETA WAS A FAMOUS SOLDIER, NAVIGATOR, HISTORIAN,
COSMOGRAPHER AND EVANGELIST WHO WAS ASSIGNED BY KING PHILIP II OF SPAIN
TO JOIN THE LEGASPI EXPEDITION OF 1564. A MONUMENT OUTSIDE INTRAMUROS
SHOWS LEGAZPI CARRYING A SWORD WHILE URDANETA AT HIS SIDE HOLD UP THE
CROSS.

THERE, AN INSCRIPTION READS:

“HE IS THE UNPARALLELED COSMOGRAPHER, PIONEER OF THE CHRISTIAN AND
SPANISH CIVILIZATION IN THE PHILIPPINES”.

“A PROPOSED MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT HIGH RISE STRUCTURE IN URDANETA CITY”

Introduction:
Mixed-use development is a popular method of building space-saving constructions. It is also
known as MXD, a type of urban development that combines together a variety of land uses such as
commercial, residential, and entertainment, whereas mixed-use real estate refers to a multi-story
building including both residential and commercial uses.
This development has become increasingly important in urban planning, with the aim of
revitalizing urban centers and generating community benefits such as reduced demand for
transportation and other infrastructure, increased property values, and increased local employment
opportunities.
Mixed-use developments can therefore be both vertical and horizontal. Whereas in vertical type,
a single building comprising multiple purposes offers residential apartments and office space on the
higher levels, and shops for commercial usage on the ground floor. This design combines public and
private functions in a single multi-story structure. On the other hand, a horizontal type of mixed-use
development is one in which there are several buildings on the same land, each with a distinct purpose
that accommodates residential, commercial, and private office spaces. This allows for a variety of
integrated land uses that accommodate pedestrian within in the block.
 Mixed-use developments benefit in a variety of ways. It enhances the ability to bring such
greater opportunity to a small and limited piece of land. Because of the variety of buildings inside a lot,
it promotes a pedestrian-friendly environment, diminishes people's transportation needs, and is a small
step toward introducing more green urban spaces into existence. Furthermore, because establishments
are in a dense area with pedestrian access, they are exposed to more customers and make more revenue.
Mixed-use, the close physical integration of places for work, living, recreation, entertainment
and relaxation is an essential ingredient in creating sustainable communities. In a very elementary
sense, mixed-use development is just practical. It places the day-to-day things we need to do in
immediate proximity to each other. Less transportation is required for daily life, and thus the massive
amount of consumption associated with transportation is minimized. There is less need for elaborate
apparatuses like cars, buses and transit systems. Fewer roads and railways are required, consuming less
land and creating less impervious cover. The need for parking lots and garages is reduced. And, of
course, consumption of fossil fuel or other energy sources associated with transportation is minimized.
Mixed-use is practical and sustainable at both the individual level and at the level of the larger
society. It reduces an individual’s dependence on expensive and time consuming transportation modes
that syphon resources from better long-term investments. It diminishes infrastructure investments in
roadways, transit systems, and the operational and maintenance costs that accompany each, which act
as a constant drain on resources for local and regional governments.
Design Rationale:
A s part of the Vision and Mission of the Local Government of Urdaneta City and because of
the current fast and dynamic economic growth of Urdaneta City especially in urban area necessitates
equivalent growth of building and construction sector, the Local Government of Urdaneta City,
together with the partnership of a multinational development company has embarked in a long term
project proposal for a mixed use high rise building development that hinges on the synergy of its core
responsibilities. mainly on these components: RETAIL, OFFICE, RECREATIONAL, HOTEL and
RESIDENTIAL UNITS and APARTMENTS.
The proposed development will generally focus on the concept that is to exude a sense of
"openness" for all its users / tenants. By applying green wall elements and bioclimatic architecture with
varying lengths at different angles, the structure should appear to be less dense. With the aid of a
progressive vertical element in all of the design, view decks should be realized and created for the users
to enjoy, while still maintaining a density that is both friendly and efficient.
The design should also further benefit the community with the development’s sustainable
design strategy, which will include district energy, geo-exchange heating and cooling system with an
ambient heat recovery energy loop, thermal mass, sun shading devices, and green roofs.
The proposed project will also include office units designed to cater the needs of small and
medium size companies who look for office spaces in the business district of the city The proposed
project will be located at the heart of a residential and commercial environment and will be designed to
embrace public interaction, as it creates opportunities for new behaviors of learning in a relaxed setting
and will become the central hub for community within the district – suggestive to a resident’s extension
of their city home.
Design Objectives:
The following Design Objectives should be included and emphasized in the overall concept of the
development:
1. Accessibility. To provide convenient access for all. Through the use of pedestrian, cycling, and
circulation links, shared access, and parking, to promote connectivity between users in and out
the area. We must also ensure that we abide to all of the prescribed accessibility standards and
guidelines.
2. Sustainability. To encourage sustainable new development and reconstruction by using
architectural design, space planning, and creating related facilities to improve the city's value.
Utilizing design and layout, such as collective use of open spaces and environmental ties, to
promote a diverse range of activities that interact and support each other. And identifying the
key elements of picking a site that can adapt a sustainable design is a major aspect of planning.
It's also important to maximize the building's spaces and resources to ensure that we're
developing an environment that doesn't endanger users, staffs, and the environment overall.
3. Security. To provide users with a sense of security. Development requires analyzing the site,
considering different aspects such as client preferences, soil conditions, geography,
surroundings (the property's existing state), other more, and then developing a plan to meet the
desired outcome. To minimize problems and work-related accidents, as well as exposure to
hazardous materials, it is essential to examine the safety of the surrounding circumstances and
ensure a healthy working environment.
4. Productivity. To improve outcomes on all aspects by using effective planning strategies.
Effective architectural solutions that add substantial value to human relationships, the
environment, and the economy. It can be a setting that promotes a positive lifestyle, wellness,
and growth in human relationships. In terms of the environment, sufficient lighting, safety, and
protection, as well as the engagement of nature into the structure, all contribute to the users'
comfort.
5. Functionality. To be able to design a completely integrated community development that
strongly support and serve the interests of the community members. Evaluate the amount or
degree of developments to the location and neighboring areas, the scale of the planned mixed-
use development (property and structures), total site population, and accessibility to constrained
intended purposes to maintain compliance of land uses.
6. Aesthetics. To create a space that is not only entirely operational but also aesthetically
appealing. One of the most significant parts of architecture is design. A building should be
constructed to satisfy standards for safety, workability, efficiency, and aesthetics, as well as to
ensure proper system strength throughout its expected lifespan. The use of unconventional
resources in architectural style necessarily requires an understanding of themes, patterns, and
social trends.
 MACROLOCATION

THE PROVINCE OF PANGASINAN IS LOCATED ON THE NORTHWEST

PORTION OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS OF LUZON, AND IS BOUNDED
IN THE NORTH GULF, LA UNION AND BENGUET IN THE NORTHEAST
BY NUEVA VISCAYA, IN THE EAST BY NUEVA ECIJA, TARLAC IN THE
SOUTH AND ZAMBALES AND CHINA SEA IN THE WEST.

URDANETA WAS ORGANIZED INTO A PUEBLO ON

JANUARY 8, 1858 WHEN THE CONTIGUOUS
SETTLEMENT OF THE PIONEERING INHABITANTS,
MOSTLY ILOCANOS AND A SPRINKLING OF
PANGASINENSES, MET ALL REQUIREMENTS OF
BECOMING A TOWN. IT CAME INTO EXISTENCE FROM
THE CONGLOMERATION OF PORTIONS OF BARRIOS
FROM THE SURROUNDING TOWNS OF ASINGAN,
VILLASIS, MALASIQUI, STA. BARBARA, MANGALDAN, MANAOAG AND BINALONAN.

THE PROPOSED PROJECT WILL BE LOCATED AT THE HEART OF A RESIDENTIAL AND

COMMERCIAL ENVIRONMENT AND WILL BE DESIGNED TO EMBRACE PUBLIC
INTERACTION, AS IT CREATES OPPORTUNITIES FOR NEW BEHAVIORS OF LEARNING IN
A RELAXED SETTING AND WILL BECOME THE CENTRAL HUB FOR COMMUNITY
WITHIN THE DISTRICT – SUGGESTIVE TO A RESIDENT’S EXTENSION OF THEIR CITY
HOME
 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

POPULATION AND SECTORAL PLANNING.

POPULATION IS THE PRIMARY DATA IN PLANNING. IT IS THE FOUNDATION IN DETERMINING
THE PUBLIC SERVICES TO BE IMPLEMENTED. DEMOGRAPHIC SATISTICS AND POPULATION
STUDIES GUIDE PLANNERS IN THE DETERMINATION OF SECTORAL NEEDS OF THE PUBLIC. THE
RELEVANCE OF POPULATION TO THE DIFFERENT SECTORS CANNOT BE OVEREMPHASIZED.
EDUCATION.
THE POPULATION AGE GROUPS AND AGE STRUCTURE DELINEATES THE DISTRIBUTION OR
LOCATION OF FACILITIES AND SERVICES.
HEALTH AND NUTRITION.
MATERNAL/CHILD HEALTH SERVICES AND HEALTH MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS ARE
DEPENDENT ON POPULATION, BIRTH AND DEATH RATES.
HOUSING.
HOUSING PROGRAMS DEPENDS ON GROWING POPULATION SIZE AND ON THE NUMBERS OF
INFORMAL SETTLERS.
SOCIAL WELFARE SERVICES.
SOCIAL WELFARE SERVICES AND LIVELIHOOD PROGRAMS BENEFICIARIES ARE BASED ON
POPULATION SURVEY RESULTS ON THE VULNERABLE GROUPS.
PEACE AND ORDER.
THE NUMBER OF PEACEKEEPING PERSONNEL IS DEPENDENT ON THE GROWING POPULATION
SIZE.
ECONOMIC SERVICES.
AN INCREASING POPULATION SIZE HAS AN IMPACT NOT ONLY FOR THE DEMAND FOR GOODS
AND SERVICES BUT ALSO TO THE LIMITED LAND RESOURCES.
INFRASTRUCTURE.
THE DEMAND FOR TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES, POWER AND WATER SUPPLY, DRAINAGE,
SEWERAGE AND SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ARE DETERMINED BY POPULATION SIZE AND
ITS GROWTH.
POPULATIONCOMPOSITION
BASED ON THE POPCEN 2015 BY THE PHILIPPINE STATISTICS AUTHORITY (PSA), URDANETA
CITY POSTED A TOTAL POPULATION OF 132, 940. IN REGION I, THE CITY RANKED THIRD AS THE
MOST POPULOUS LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT. URDANETA’S POPULATION SHARE TO THE
PROVINCE OF PANGASINAN DECREASED BY .01 PERCENT FROM 4.51% IN 2010 TO 4.50% IN 2015
(TABLE D1).
 DESIGN STANDARDS

RULE VII - CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

OF ALL BUILDINGS BY USE OR OCCUPANCY
SECTION 701. Occupancy Classified

1. There are 10 Groups of Occupancies sub-divided into 25 Divisions. The accompanying

matrix shows the Groupings and Divisions and the corresponding uses. The final column
indicates the Zoning Classification
a) Buildings proposed for construction shall be identified according to their use or the
character of its occupancy and shall be classified as follows:
 THE 2004 REVISED IRR OF P.D. NO. 1096 (AS
PUBLISHED BY THE DPWH ON 01, 08 & 15 APRIL
2005)

TABLE VII.4. MINIMUM REQUIRED OFF-STREET (OFF-RROW) CUM ON-SITE

PARKING SLOT, PARKING AREA AND LOADING/UNLOADING SPACE
REQUIREMENTS BY ALLOWED USE OR OCCUPANCY.
 SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTHS:
The site is easily accessible by both pedestrians and vehicles.
Being a location surrounded by residences and commercial areas, it should be safe to assume that basic
lines of utility be favorably available for use.
The location of the site is zoned within Central Business District, making it ideal for the commercial
and rental spaces of the proposed development.
Sense of place and community.

WEAKNESSES:

The site is adjacent to a heavy traffic area

Presence of a few ugly buildings around the landplot

OPPORTUNITIES:

The immediate environment of the site is surrounded by residential area meaning there are a lot of
potential consumers for the commercial parts of the development.

The site is nearby government and private offices, giving it additional potential tenants for the
residential parts of the development.

Strategic plan to develop the city into a smart city which would support the scope of the structure.

THREATS:

Extreme weather will require strong treatments

Competition nearby establishments.
 sIte ANALYSIS

 SITE ANALYSIS

 SITE LOCATION
 TRAFFIC DATA

 LAND USE AND ZONING

 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE PSO/ISA, MACA,
MINIMUM USA, AND AMBF COMPUTATION

1. TOTAL LOT AREA = 8,547.30 SQM

2. ALLOWABLE MAXIMUM BUILDING FOOTPRINT (AMBF)

AMBF = 8,547.30 - 2,484
AMBF = 6,063.30 SQM

3. MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE PERCENTAGE OF SITE OCCUPANCY (PSO)

(80% OF TLA UNDER RULE VIII SECTION 803 OF NATIONAL BUILDING CODE)
PSO = 8,547.30 X 80%
PSO = 6,837.84 SQM

4. MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE IMPERVIOUS AREA (ISA) (15% OF TLA)

ISA = 8,547.30 X 15%
ISA = 1,282.10 SQM

5. MINIMUM ALLOWABLE CONSTRUCTION AREA (MACA)

PSO + ISA = MACA
MACA = 6,837.84 + 1,282.10
MACA = 8,119.94 SQM

6. MINIMUM UNPAVED SURFACE AREA (USA)

USA = 8,547.30 X 5%
USA = 427.36 SQM

7. TOTAL OPEN SPACE WITHIN LOT (TOSL) (30% OF TLA/ (ISA + USA)
(ISA + USA)
TOSL = 1,282.10 + 427.36
TOSL = 1,709.46
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE (foreign)
MIXED - USE DEVELOPMENT

A mixed-use development is a combination of

residential and non- residential buildings that
are planned and developed within a city,
municipality and/or state.

The two most common forms of mixed-use

design are:

Vertical. As a single, multi-story building, a

typical mix places apartments on the upper
levels and
retail or offices at street level. A basement
level provides parking and/or access to
underground public transportation.

Horizontal. Spread over several buildings, such as a city block or around an open space or courtyard,
these individual buildings serve one or two specific uses while creating a microcosm within a
neighborhood.
Mixed-use development in south Vancouver that has reinvented the concept of transit-oriented development
(TOD) to one that is transit-integrated.
Marine Gateway seamlessly integrates a transit hub into the design of the community itself, creating convenient
access.
Marine Gateway is comprised of two neighbourhood plazas:
 15-storeys of office space
 3-storey retail podium
 11-screen cinema
 2 residential towers at 25 and 35-storeys.
RETAIL
Over 240,000 SF of daily convenience, service, fitness and entertainment retail amenities, including:
 Entertainment – 11-screen Cineplex VIP Movie Theatre
 Fitness – Steve Nash Fitness
 Drugstore – Shoppers Drug Mart
 Banks – TD, CIBC and BMO
 Shops & Services – BCAA Insurance, Express News, Marine Cambie Dental, Marine Gateway
Liquor Store, Marine View Optometry, Pure Beauty Bar, Rogers Wireless, Sleep Country, Vancouver
South Pet Hospital and Winners
 Restaurants & Food – A&W, Dublin Crossing Irish Pub and Liquor Store, Fresh Slice Pizza, Neptune
Palace, Pink Elephant Thai, Starbucks, Subway, T&T Supermarket and
OFFICE
 1,500 jobs at Marine Gateway’s 250,000 SF Class A LEED™ Gold office building
 High-quality premises with panoramic views – Vancouver Island, North Shore Mountains, Georgia
Strait and Mt Baker.
 Dedicated fitness facility and bike storage, complete with change rooms, showers and lockers.
RESIDENTIAL
 46 dedicated market rental units
 415 residential condominium units (sold out!)
 Over 800 residents
Further benefiting the community is the development’s sustainable design strategy, which includes a
district energy, geo-exchange heating and cooling system with an ambient heat recovery energy loop,
thermal mass, sun shading devices, and green roofs.
The design of the high street and public plazas were one of the most important aspects to the project’s
success by bringing people into the pedestrian environment and into the retail spaces.
“Good planning allows for retail, office, residential, and transit to all be co-located together”, says Dan
Turner, executive vice president of PCI Developments. “A complete community has all these uses and
this is what we achieved at Marine Gateway.”
Standing along the main axis of the city, the proposal raises the urban space in a spiralling fashion from
the street level. a number of public green terraces are generated at different heights along the tower.
Functions are arranged according to the site’s solar exposure: living spaces are placed with a south
orientation for maximum natural daylighting while ‘working’ blocks are perpendicularly to facilitate
ventilation.
Urban terraces, hot and cold functions arranged according to solar exposure, entry paths, interior
views
Street FLOW PATTERN:
level : Both towers are connected at the 4th floor
specifically in its amenities area with:
Infinity and Wading Pool
Kids Play Area
Gym
 Retail and Commercial Shops
 Restaurants (Guests and Residents)
 Two Lobbies (With Concierge Desks)
 3 Below-Ground Parking Floors
 24/7 Security
 Next two levels: Offices and Business Centers

6th-14th Floor:
 Hotel
Rooms: Studio and One-bedroom Selections

15th- 28th Floors:

Condotel Floor/ Serviced Residences

Top Four Floors:

Residential Studios (One & Two Bedroom Flats)

32nd Floor:
Penthouse Suites

Roof Deck:
Sky Lounge (Lazing Areas)
Spa Cabañas
Al fresco dining spaces
Vista Suarez Cebu will offer a minimal 27 units per floor in Tower 1, and only 14 units per floor
in Tower 2.

Its unique L-shape was created to make sure every single unit share in the incredible views of
the city and the mountains that fringe the Visayan metropolis.
Amenities include:
 Infinity pool
 Kiddie pool
 Function rooms
 Gym
 Al fresco area and skydeck
It offers studio units with 22 sq.m. floor area and one-bedroom units with 36 sq.m. floor area.
It will consist of Astra Corporate Center:
12 floors of modern office spaces with a leasable area of 15,900 sq.m. and a residential condominium.

“Astra Centre will change the landscape of Mandaue City “ he added, citing that the project espouses a
compact community concept where everything is within walking distance—from residence and
workplace to shopping and entertainment.

The three-level Astra Centre Mall will be a new concept as well, with half of retail spaces located
outdoors, said the younger Soberano.
Amenities:
 Owners lounge with private bar
 Restaurant
 Gym
 Swimming pool
 Jacuzzi
 Children’s Playroom
 Game Room
 Library and Billiard’s Room
 Steam room
 Theater Room
 Business Center
 Rain showers in the locker rooms
 Spa treatment facilities
 24/7 concierge
 Security,and garage valet parking
250,000 square feet Midtown Boston's first supermarket: Roche Bros

Mixed-Use Development

A combination of factors, including changing demographics, real estate market, and slow economic
recovery from the Great Recession are driving demand for high-quality, compact and walkable
communities. Local governments need to plan for a diverse range of land uses and development to
sustain a diverse economy.

This section discusses the concept and benefits of mixed-use development, which can be defined as
integrated development that incorporates two or more types of land uses (e.g., housing, offices, retail,
entertainment, institutions, services, restaurants). Mixed-use development can help local governments
better respond to a growing market demand for walkable, vibrant communities with convenient transit
linkages, proximity to jobs, and access to nearby public services and spaces and activity-oriented
destinations.

Topics in this section

 What Is Mixed-Use Development?

 How Can Delaware Communities Implement Mixed-Use Development?
 Ways Local Governments Can Foster Implementation of Mixed-Use Development
 Examples of Successful Mixed-Use in Delaware
What Is Mixed-Use Development?

As defined by the MRSC of Washington,

mixed-use development is characterized as
pedestrian-friendly development that blends
two or more residential, commercial, cultural,
institutional, and/or industrial uses. Mixed use
is one of the ten principles of Smart Growth, a
planning strategy that seeks to foster
community design and development that
serves the economy, community, public
health, and the environment.

While mixed use has become a popular buzz

word, the term can be confusing. It is not just
limited to a multi-story development that
incorporates commercial use on the first floor
with residential uses on upper floors. The
Urban Land Institute’s Mixed-Use
Development Handbook characterizes mixed-use development as one that 1) provides three or more
significant revenue-producing uses (such as retail/entertainment, office, residential, hotel, and/or
civic/cultural/recreation), 2) fosters integration, density, and compatibility of land uses, and 3) creates a
walkable community with uninterrupted pedestrian connections.
A blog, don’t get mixed up on mixed use, by the folks at PlaceMakers clarifies that mixed use is: …
three-dimensional, pedestrian-oriented places that layer compatible land uses, public amenities, and
utilities together at various scales and intensities. This variety of uses allows for people to live, work,
play and shop in one place, which then becomes a destination for people from other neighborhoods. As
defined by The Lexicon of the New Urbanism, mixed-use is multiple functions within the same
building or the same general area through superimposition or within the same area through adjacency…
from which many of the benefits are … pedestrian activity and traffic capture.

Mixed-use zoning allows for the horizontal and vertical combination of land uses in a given area.
Commercial, residential, and even in some instances, light industrial are fit together to help create built
environments where residents can live, work, and play. The Placemakers’ blog, and a brief prepared by
the Village of Caledonia, WI, further explains that while there are many forms of mixed-use
development, it can be categorized three ways:

Vertical Mixed-Use Development

 Combines different uses within the same building

 Provides for more public uses on the lower floor such as retail shops, restaurants, of commercial
businesses
 Provides for more private uses on the upper floors such as residential units, hotel rooms, or
office space.
Horizontal Mixed-Use Development

 Consists of single-use buildings within a mixed-use zoning district parcel, which allows for a
range of land uses in a single development project
 Provides for a variety of complementary and integrated uses that are walkable and within a
given neighborhood, tract or land, or development project

How Can Delaware Communities Implement Mixed-Use Development?

Comprehensive Plan/Community Vision

A comprehensive plan is a legal document used by a local government to guide future land use, and
serves as the basis for zoning, subdivision, and land use codes. Vision-based and community-driven
plan, a comprehensive plan can provide a foundation for establishing what a community wants to
preserve, develop, and change. It guides public investment and private development decisions—
including the intensity, location, and types of development that may occur.

Many Delaware local governments have established a vision for mixed-use development within their
Comprehensive Plans or updates to plans. The City of Newark, Delaware’s 2014 comprehensive plan
update utilizes visioning to provide a clearer picture of the objectives the City wishes to achieve. The
vision process utilized a structured planning approach to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses,
Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) in the community. Newark’s vision reflects three principle values
that mirror Complete Community elements: 1) a healthy and active community, 2) a sustainable
community, and 3) an inclusive community. Mixed-use development supports all each of these values.
Support for this vision is further detailed in the plans’ economic development and land development
chapters.

The 2010 Comprehensive Plan update for Town of Elsmere, Delaware recommends zoning code
amendments to “encourage redevelopment activities, including the conversion of the Kirkwood
Highway into a Main Street by allowing for mixed land uses.”

The Town of Middletown, Delaware’s 2012 comprehensive plan update recommends a change to the
2005 plan, which designated a number of parcels as commercial. The plan recommends mixed use to
“provide flexibility so that the market can dictate the best combination of uses for these parcels. This
designation is also applied to parcels that have been approved for, or are developing as, mixed-use
communities.” The comprehensive plan also states that the all residential districts and the C-2 and C-3
Zones would be consistent with the “Mixed Use” designation. The C-2 and C-3 zones provide
flexibility for mixing residential and commercial land uses and applying contemporary planning
principles to new development plans. Examples of areas where this approach was applied include
undeveloped areas in Westown master planned area and the downtown commercial area.

Planners with the University of Delaware’s Institute for Public Administration assisted the Town of
Middletown, Del. in incorporating mixed-use land use designations into their recently updated
Comprehensive Plan. The orange areas on the map indicate mixed-use classifications.

Community visioning exercises can also build community consensus for future land use and
development. Through a charrette process, the City of Dover and Dover Downtown Partnership created
a Dover Transit Center Neighborhood Plan that discussed the desire for mixed-use development in
downtown Dover.

Zoning

Zoning the chief means of implementing a comprehensive plan, consisting of a written document and a
map. It is a legal device that establishes zoning laws, establishes districts, and regulates:

 The types of land uses permitted

 The intensity or density of development
 Height, bulk, and placement of buildings or structures
 Other conditions deemed necessary to direct development

Once a jurisdiction updates or amends its comprehensive plan to provide a vision for mixed-use
development, the zoning code and official map should be amended within 18 months, as per state law.
Mixed-use zoning can be accomplished in two ways: 1) modifying existing zoning district designations
to loosen allowable development under each or 2) creating new districts specifically designated to be
for mixed-use development.
Many Delaware local governments have adopted or
amended zoning code provisions to allow for mixed
use development. For example, the City of Newark’s
zoning code provides a mix of commercial,
residential, and institutional uses within several
zoning districts. The City of Lewes’ zoning code
permits a mix of uses in its Town Center, Town
(Historic) Center, and Marine Commercial Zones.
The provisions justify the need for mixed use to
“strengthen connections between the town center and
the City’s residential districts, create a pedestrian
corridor…, provide for establishments…that are vital
to a year-round working community, encourage a mix [of uses] to promote the economic stability of
the area, and provide for apartment dwellings…but only on the stories above street level.”

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE (foreign)

The term “Mix used building” refers to a development which functions to blends between:
commercial, residential, cultural, institutional, and or entertainment spaces. Mix used buildings
therefore can generate an income from various sources. Here is Hub Architects list for top ten
mixed-use buildings around the world.

1. Petronas Towers

The Petronas Towers are twin skyscrapers found in Malaysia which are connected with a bridge which
is 170 m above the ground, which is the highest sky bridge in the world.
2. The Zhengzhou mixed used Development
The Zhengzhou mixed used development is something out of a futuristic fairy-tale. The building
contains a hotel, retail space and a green boulevard strip which is integrated into the designed as if it is
all one piece.

3. The Leonardo

The Leonardo was designed by AMA Architects currently the tallest building in Africa standing at 234
metres in height. The mega structure contains 55 mixed used floors which includes an above ground
podium, where a swimming pool and restaurant lies.
4. Linked Hybrid

Designed to perform multiple functions, the Linked Hybrid consists of 8 linked towers which gives
access to apartments, a hotel, a cinema and much more. The modern contemporary style worked well
and the use of multiple colours gives the building some life.

REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE (local)

Century Spire
Century City Lifestyle Center, Kalayaan Avenue corner,
Salamanca street, Barangay Poblacion

Century Spire is a 60-storey mixed-used, premium

grade building developed by one of the Philippines’ leading
real estate firms, Century Properties. This architectural
masterpiece is standing proudly right at the heart of the Makati Central Business District. Its unique
and remarkable design was the result of collaboration between revered Architect, Daniel Libeskind and
the celebrated Italian home fashion brand, Armani/Casa. The tower has a diagonally braced structure
with a facade that is clad in a semi-reflective glass curtain.  It is articulated with balconies and terraces
which creates rhythmic geometric pattern.
The upper floors are comprised of residential units that include one-, two-, and three-bedroom
apartments, along with suites, duplexes and penthouses. Each unit feature floor to ceiling glazing and a
unique floor plan.  The building additionally has two floors of amenities for its residents as well as
underground parking.  At the base of the tower there will be dedicated office spaces. Century Spire will
be anchored by five core amenities including the lobby, pool, bar, relaxation area, and library – all
designed with the deft touch and sophisticated style of Armani/Casa. Office spaces main amenities
include distinct office lobby, dedicated elevators, auditorium with pre-function room and food hall.
Century Spire’s architecture and upscale facilities goes beyond a conventional tower, it is a stately
luxury made ideal for those who seek the best.
Century Spire Building Details
Address: Century City Lifestyle Center, Kalayaan Avenue corner, Salamanca street, Barangay
Poblacion
City: Makati Year Built: 2021
Submarket: Makati Fringe PEZA: Yes
Class: Class A
Amenities: Plaza with water feature, distinct office lobby, dedicated elevators, auditorium with pre-
function room, fine dining restaurant, food hall

Cebu Mixed-Use Development

R.SU + Architects
Type: Commercial › Office Retail
Hospitality + Sport › Restaurant
Residential › Apartment
A mixed-use development in Cebu City, Philippines.The design concept of the projects hinges
on the synergy of its core responsibilities. These 4 components are RETAIL, OFFICE, HOTEL and
CONDO. The concept is to exude a sense of "openness" for its users/tenants. By applying green wall
elements and plant boxes with varying lengths at different angles, the structure appears to be less dense.
With the aid of a progressive vertical element in design, decks are therefore created for the users to
enjoy, while still maintaining a density that is both friendly and efficient.
Trump Tower Manila / Century City Development Corporation
Century City Development Corporation, a subsidiary of Century Properties Group Inc.
focused on mixed-use developments with high-rise condominiums, recently revealed their architectural
design for the Trump Tower in Manila, Philippines. The tower is going to be prominent on the Manila
skyline for years to come. It’s a beautiful glass building – very architecturally significant with an
incredible spire. Its architecture will be truly iconic. More images and architects’ description after the
break.
As with all properties bearing the Trump brand name, each one has to be the best, the most
exceptional and, in the case of Trump Tower Manila, the Philippines’ most illustrious. As Robbie
Antonio, the development’s project head and managing director of Century Properties, owner and
developer of the iconic 56-story skyscraper states, “As a symbol of power, achievement and modern
grandeur, Trump Tower Manila is a dramatic architectural marvel of steel and glass. The building’s
exterior is designed with a lustrous curtain wall that maximizes the city’s spectacular panoramic views,
and is one of the very few residential buildings in Manila to carry such a thoroughly detailed design.”

The building’s façade expresses a distinctive “peeled” aesthetic that accentuates a powerful and
dynamic form. The façade also performs an environmentally responsive function, wherein light shelves
and shading systems are designed to react to the building’s orientation in relation to where the sun is
facing at different times of the year. “It’s really just an, iconic, modern building; very tall, very chic,
something that really symbolizes everything that a Trump-branded project means,” said Eric Trump,
Executive Vice President of Development and Acquisitions of the New York-based Trump.
 Trump Tower Manila will rise at Century City, the flagship
development of Century Properties in Makati City that comprises
luxury residential skyscrapers, a shopping complex, and a world-
class health and wellness center. Situated in the Philippines’
foremost financial district of Makati, “this project will be the finest
by far in the league of premiere residential properties in the region,”
Antonio said. “To stay close to this vision we made sure that every
architectural detail of the project was thought of with the Trump
customer in mind.”

The ultra-exclusive tower is limited to more than 220 units, with one to six units per floor
ranging from suites of approximately 57 square meters (614 square feet) to penthouses as spacious as
435 square meters (4,682 square feet). Trump Tower Manila residents will enjoy elite amenities within
the building, including a fine dining restaurant at the ground floor; and a library, business center,
lounge and video room on the third level. Breathtaking views will be enjoyed halfway up the tower on
the 29th and 30th floors, where the spa and fitness center, as well as the juice bar, sun deck and lap
pool are all located for the exclusive use of residents.
 The building will use a selection of luxury branded home furnishings for its amenities and
common areas, and these will be showcased in Manila in early 2012 when Century Properties opens the
Trump Tower Manila showrooms at The Pacific Star Building in Makati. Rising as one of the
Philippines’ tallest skyscrapers at 250 meters (820 feet), the building’s design was carefully studied to
ensure utmost structural integrity. Century Properties’ engineering team incorporated structural
adaptations into the design that will address high wind loads. It will also apply Performance-based
Design that meets and exceeds different levels and ranges of seismic performance for super high rise
buildings around the world.

ACCORDING TO: REGULATIONS IMPLEMENTING THE SUBDIVISION AND

CONDOMINIUM BUYER'S PROTECTIVE DECREE (PD 957) AND OTHER RELATED
LAWS
Pursuant to Article IV Section 5 c) of Executive Order No. 648 the following rules are hereby
promulgated by the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board(HLURB) to implement Presidential
Decree Nos. 957, 1216, 1344 and other related laws applicable to open market and medium cost
subdivision and condominium projects.
Section 2. Design A. Site Criteria Conformity to Comprehensive Land Use Plan/Zoning
Ordinance/National Building Code
1. Residential condominium projects shall preferably be located in areas zoned as or appropriate for
residential uses.
2. Condominium projects shall likewise conform to the minimum building requirements, lot
occupancy, open spaces, parking and other requirements of the National Building Code of the
Philippines and its Implementing Rules and Regulations.
B. Planning Consideration
1. Area Planning
a. Supplementary and supportive activities to residential use shall be allowed provided that the privacy,
order, health and safety of the residents are not jeopardized nor threatened and that the land use plan
and/or zoning ordinance of the locality can accommodate such mixture of land uses.
b. Open spaces shall be provided within the project site pursuant to the National Building Code of the
Philippines and its Implementing Rules and Regulations. These shall include courts, yards, setbacks,
light wells, uncovered driveways, access roads, parking spaces, buffer strips, parks and playgrounds.
Except as may hereafter be otherwise provided these spaces shall be open from the ground to the sky.
The open space shall also be allocated for basic utilities and community facilities or common areas.
c. Easements for utilities, such as drainage system, water supply, power lines and communication lines,
shall be integrated with land circulation system.
d. Building orientation on lot shall consider proper ventilation, sunlight and land characteristics.
e. No development shall be allowed within the 5-meter mandatory easement on both sides of the
Marikina Valley Fault Trace and such other fault traces as may be identified by PHIVOLCS.
(Approved per Board Res. No. 515, Series of 1992)
2. Site Preservation/Alteration
a. Slope
The finished grade shall have a desired slope to allow rainwater to be channeled into street drains.
Where cut and fill is necessary an appropriate grade shall be attained to prevent any depression in the
area.
Grading and ditching shall be executed in a manner that will prevent erosion or flooding of adjoining
properties.
b. Preservation of Site Assets
Suitable trees with a caliper diameter of 200 millimeters or more, as well as shrubs and desirable
ground cover shall be preserved in accordance with the implementing rules and regulations of DENR.
Where good quality topsoil exists in the site, it shall be banked and shall be preserved for finishing
grades of yards, playgrounds, parks and garden area.
c. Ground Cover
Grass, shrubs, plants and other landscaping materials used for groundcover shall be of variety
appropriate for its intended use and location. They shall be so planted as to allow complete and
permanent cover of the area.
C. Design parameters
1. Space location
Space allocations shall provide areas for living, dining, kitchen, sleeping, toilet and bath, laundry/
drying area and storage - the minimum sizes of which shall be in accordance with the requirements of
the National Building Code of the Philippines and its Implementing Rules and Regulations/referral
codes.
a. Parks/Playground and/or Other Recreational Areas
a.1 Parks/Playground (exclusive of easements, access roads, driveways, parking space) shall be
required for:
a.1.1 Projects with a gross saleable area of 1.000 square meters: Or
a.1.2 Projects with ten (10) or more condominium units. Except when the condominium
is part of a subdivision project or a park/playground not more than or 800 meters away
and in reaching it, the pedestrian will not be unduly exposed to hazard.
a.2 The minimum area for a single park/playground shall be 50 square meters. Increments of
3.00 square meters for every additional family dwelling type in excess of 10 units shall be
added.
a.3 Parks/playground or other recreational facilities may not be required if the condominium is
located not more than or 800 meters from a publicly accessible park/playground/or other
recreational facilities.

a.4 Parks/playground shall be properly landscaped to accommodate both active and passive
activities.
a.5 Parks/playground may be accommodated in the yard/s provided such yards are adequate and
usable as park.
a.6 Other facilities (optional) such as tennis courts, swimming pool, etc. may be integrated with
the park/playground.
b. Parking Space Requirement
b.1 For Residential Condominium Units
b.1.1 The parking slot requirement for residential condominium project snail be in
accordance with the provisions of the National Building Code of the Philippines.
b.1.2 Off-site parking may be allowed in addition to the on-site parking provided that
the designated parking area is part of the project and provided further that the required
distance shall be in accordance with the National Building Code of the Philippines.
b.1.3 Compliance with additional parking spaces as required by local ordinances shall be
mandatory.
b.2 For Commercial Condominium Units
 b.2.1 The minimum parking slot requirement shall be in accordance with the provisions
of the National Building Code of the Philippines.
b.2.2 Off-site parking may be allowed in addition to the on-site parking provided that
the designated parking area is part of the project, or the project is within the commercial
subdivision where common parking area is part of the approved subdivision plan and
provided further that parking arrangements are explicitly indicated in the contract of sale
of property to be developed. Off-site parking shall not be located 200 meters away from
condominium project.
c. Access Roads
Roads shall serve every building, parking space, park/playground and service points (e.g.
garbage collection points). Minimum roads or right-of-way shall be 8 meters, 6 meters thereof shall be
the carriageway and the remaining 2 meters shall be developed as sidewalk/planting strip.
Path walks shall be provided for pedestrian circulation with a minimum width of 1.2 meters.
Construction of roads, sidewalk and path walks, shall be in accordance with the standards of
residential subdivision. Space for turnaround at dead end shall be provided.
Direct vehicular access to the property shall be provided by public street or alley. An independent
means of access shall be provided to each dwelling, or group of dwellings in a single plot. Without
trespassing adjoining properties.
Utilities and service facilities- must be independent for each dwelling unit. An independent
means of access to each living unit shall be provided without passing through any yard of a living unit
or any other yard.
c.1 Hierarchy of Roads
For horizontal condominium projects, the hierarchy of roads shall be the same as the minimum
design standard requirements for subdivision projects.
c.2 Pavement
All roads (major, minor, motor court) for both residential and commercial condominium
projects shall be paved with concrete/asphalt.
d. Basic Facilities and Services
d.1 Service Area (Laundry/Drying Area)
Adequate laundry and drying areas shall be provided.
Where such service areas are held in common, they shall have suitable outdoor locations,
fenced or screened and kept away from living rooms, entrance or front yards.
d.2 Water supply, power, sewerage and drainage utilities shall conform to the requirements of a
subdivision.
d.2.1 Reservoir/Water Tank
For multi-storey buildings
If the height of the building requires water pressure in excess of that in the main water line, a
water tank shall be provided.
Tank shall also be required if the peak drawn should reduce the pressure on the highest usable
floor to less than 0.06 Mpa - the minimum pressure required for satisfactory operation of fixtures,
particularly those with flush valves.
d.2.2 Capacity - 20% Average Daily Demand plus fire reserve
d.3 Mechanical Equipment and Service Areas
d.3.1 Provision of elevators shall conform to the plans and specifications of the duly
licensed architect/engineer who shall determine the requirement for elevators including
the number of type, speed and location in relation to the over-all design and use of the
building; the design architect/engineer shall certify under oath that all the components
thereof are in accordance with the National Building Code of the Philippines, the
Accessibility Law and national industry standards and other pertinent laws.
d.3.2 Compliance to the provisions of the Fire Code of the Philippines shall be
mandatory.
d.4 Refuse Collection/Disposal
Centralized garbage depository area and efficient refuse collection and disposal services shall
be provided whether independently or in conjunction with the city or municipality garbage collection
and disposal services. It shall conform to the provisions of the Sanitation Code of the Philippines and
its Implementing Rules and Regulations/pertinent referral codes.
2. Floor Area Requirements
a. Single-Occupancy Unit
Single occupancy units shall have a minimum floor area of 18 square meters, however, a net
floor area of 12 square meters may be allowed provided that:
a.1 These are intended for students/employees/workers and provided further that the
condominium project to which these will be integrated is within highly urbanized areas.
a.2 The same shall be provided with common basic facilities such as
laundry/drying area and support amenities such as visitor's lounge and dining area.
a.3 Said facilities/support amenities including all other measures that will ensure
compliance with the intended use of the unit shall be explicitly indicated in the master
deed/ contract to sell.
b. Family Dwelling Unit
The minimum floor area of family condominium units shall be 36 square meters and 22 square
meters f or open market and medium cost condominium project respectively.
 According to: Sec. 707 of Rule VII of the 2004 Revised IRR of P.D. No. 1096, the 1977
National Building Code of the PH/ NBCP). BUILDING HEIGHTS IN THE PH :
1) LOW-RISE (from 1 - 5 storeys i.e. 4.0 m to 16.0 m, inclusive of an average 1.0 m provision for
parapet wall or roof apex; excludes maximum allowance for a 6.0 m tall antenna/ steel tower on top of
the structure (only where allowed by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Ph/ CAAP);
2) MEDIUM-RISE (from 6 - 15 storeys i.e. 19.0 m to 46.0 m, inclusive of an average 1.0 m provision
for parapet wall or roof apex; excludes maximum allowance for a 6.0 m tall antenna/ steel tower on top
of the structure (only where allowed by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Ph/ CAAP);
3) HIGH-RISE (from 16 - 60 storeys i.e. 49.0 m to 181.0 m, inclusive of an average 1.0 m provision for
parapet wall or roof apex; excludes maximum allowance for a 6.0 m tall antenna/ steel tower on top of
the structure (only where allowed by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Ph/ CAAP); and
4) VERY TALL BUILDING (taller than 60 storeys i.e. taller than 181.0 m, inclusive of an average 1.0
m provision for parapet wall or roof apex; excludes maximum allowance for a 6.0 m tall antenna/ steel
tower on top of the structure (only where allowed by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Ph/ CAAP).
 SKETCHES / DESIGN CONCEPT

The apex: An Integrated Vertical Mixed-Use Development through Ecological and Contemporary Design
in urdaneta city

The design concept of the projects hinges on the synergy of its core responsibilities. These 4
components are RETAIL, OFFICE, RESIDENTIAL and RECREATIONAL. The concept is to
exude a sense of "openness" for its users/tenants. By applying green wall elements and plant boxes
with varying lengths at different angles, the structure appears to be less dense. With the aid of a
progressive vertical element in design, decks are therefore created for the users to enjoy, while still
maintaining a density that is both friendly and efficient.
 SPACE PROGRAMMING

SPACE REQUIREMENTS:

A. COMMERCIAL C. HOTEL

SHOPS NUMBER OF ROOMS

LOBBY (SINGLE/DOUBLE/SUITE)
LOBBY/LOUNGE
ATRIUM
RESTAURANT/COFFEE SHOP
STAFF AREA
BANQUET/CONFERENCE HALLS
ADMIN/SURVEILLANCE ROOM HEALTH CLUB/GYM
SERVICE AREA AMENITIES (RECREATIONAL)
TOILET WASTE DISPOSAL
PARKING
STAIRS
LIFTS/ESCALATORS
AHU ROOMS D. RESIDENTAIL UNITS AND
EMERGENCY EXITS APARTMENT
ELECTRICAL ROOM
2-BEDROOM UNIT
B. OFFICE COMPLEX 3-BEDROOM UNIT
ENTRANCE LOBBY
SERVICE AREA
OFFICE TOILET
LOBBY PARKING
ATRIUM
EMPLOYEES LOUNGE
CANTEEN
CAFÉ
SERVICE AREA
TOILET
PARKING
STAIRS
LIFTS/ESCALATORS
AHU ROOMS
EMERGENCY EXITS
ELECTRICAL ROOM
 BUBBLE
DIAGRAMS

UTILITIE
LOBBY
PARKING
AREA
LOBBY
STAFF
AREA SERVICE
AREA

ATRIUM
ADMIN/
SURVEILLANCE PUBLIC
TOILET

WASTE
DISPOSAL

ABOVE GROUND
BASIC ZONING (PODIUM)

UTILITIE
S
SHOP
PARKING
AREA
LOBBY
SHOP
SERVICE
AREA

SHOP

SHOP PUBLIC
TOILET

SECOND LEVEL
BASIC ZONING (PODIUM)
 ATRIUM
LOUNGE

LOBBY
OFFICE

SERVICE
OFFICE AREA

OFFICE

OFFICE PUBLIC
TOILET

BASIC ZONING (OFFICE)

RESTO/
LOUNGE COFFEE
STAFF
AREA
GYM
SERVICE
CONFER AREA
ENCE
WASTE
DISPOSAL
UTILITIE PUBLIC
S TOILET

BASIC ZONING (HOTEL)

 LOUNGE ROOM

ROOM

ROOM
SERVICE
ROOM AREA

ROOM
ROOM PUBLIC
TOILET

BASIC ZONING (HOTEL)

ROOM
LOUNGE

ROOM

ROOM
SERVICE
AREA
ROOM
ROOM

ROOM PUBLIC
TOILET

BASIC ZONING (RESIDENTIAL

UNITS AND APARTMENTS)
ADJACENCY
MATRIX
Bibliography

Architects, H. (n.d.). Top Ten Mixed Use Buildings around the world. Retrieved from Hub Architects:
https://www.hubarchitects.co.za/post/top-ten-mixed-use-buildings-around-the-world?
fbclid=IwAR2PXtpy3BFqGTA4ffK47QTut806M4CqqMKZqAI80H71KyHgbf_z6Par6hQ
PRBoA. (n.d.). 2004 Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of Presidential Decree No.
1096, 1977 National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP). Retrieved from Architecture
Board.ph: https://www.architectureboard.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/1.12-PD1096_-
2004revIRR_PRBoA-unofcl-versnw08annotns.pdf
VEROSIL, A. N. (n.d.). DESIGN 8 – RESEARCH. Retrieved from
file:///C:/Users/NITRO/Downloads/413963468-Design-8-Research.pdf
Architects, R. +. (n.d.). Cebu Mixed-Use Development. Retrieved from Architizer:
https://architizer.com/projects/cebu-mixed-use-development/
KMC. (n.d.). Century Spire. Retrieved from kmcmag group:
https://kmcmaggroup.com/building/Century-Spire/