(2022 Spring) CHEM 151 (04).

General Chemistry I

Assignment #2
※※Remember: Write the answer with explanation. ※※

1. A gold nucleus is located at the origin of coordinates, and a lithium nucleus initially 3 Å
from the origin moves to a new position 1 Å from the origin. (ϵ0 : 8.854 × 10−12 C 2 J−1 m−1 )
(a) Calculate the change in the force between the two nuclei. (unit: N)
(b) Calculate the change in the potential energy of the two nuclei. (unit: J)
(c) Calculate the change in the kinetic energy of the helium nucleus. (unit: J)

2. For each of the following pairs of atoms, state which you expect to have the higher first
ionization energy. Briefly explain your reasoning:
(a) Bi or Xe; (b) Se or Te; (c) K or Ne;

3. For each of the following pairs of atoms, state which you expect to have the higher electron
affinity. Briefly explain your reasoning:
(a) I or Rn; (b) Ba or Te; (c) Bi or Cl;

4. Draw Lewis electron dots diagrams for the following species, indicating formal charges
and resonance diagrams where applicable.
(a) HNC (central N atom)
(b) SCN-1 (thiocyanate ion)
(c) H2CNN (the first N atom is bonded to the carbon and the second N)

5. For each of the following molecules, give the steric number and sketch and name the
approximate molecular geometry. In each case, the central atom is listed first and the other
atoms are all bonded directly to it.
(a) CBr4
(b) SO3
(c) SOCl2
(d) ICl3
6. Consider the situation of an electron rotating in circular motion around a proton. The position
vector of the electron on the circle is related to the cartesian base vectors via:
̂ + 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃)𝒚
𝒓 = 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃)𝒙 ̂ = 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡)𝒙
̂ + 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡)𝒚
̂
Where 𝜃 is the angle above the x-axis, that the electron has passed over.

𝑑𝒓 𝑑𝒗
(a) Calculate the velocity 𝒗 = 𝑑𝑡 and acceleration 𝒂 = and their absolute values.
𝑑𝑡
Express the acceleration in terms of the velocity. (result for checking and for further
𝑣2
calculation: 𝑎 = ).
𝑟
(b) Use Newton’s law (𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 ) to calculate the corresponding centripetal force. The
centripetal force should be balanced with the Coulomb force to keep the electron on the
circle around the proton. In the first shell, the electron moves around the proton at a
distance of 𝑟 = 5.29 × 10−11 𝑚. Calculate the required velocity to keep the electron
on a force-balanced ride around the proton.