TUGAS

BAHASA INGGRIS AKADEMIK

“HEART FAILURE”
Dosen Pengampu : Muhammad Umar Ridhwan, S.Hum., MM., C.Celt

DISUSUN OLEH

KELOMPOK 11

REZKY RAMADHANIA 2111313025

SYALSA SALSABIL 2111313034

RAHMA YENNI 2111312067

ISMULYADI 2111311001

FAUZIAH 2111311016

MIFTAHUL RAHMI 2211316024

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN

FAKULTAS KEPERAWATAN
UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS
 HEART FAILURE

A. Defenition
Heart failure is a condition when the heart works less efficiently than usual. This results
in the heart not being able to pump enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the body's
needs.

B. Causes
1. Age
2. Gender
3. Excessive salt consumption
4. Descendants
5. Hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system
6. Stress
7. Obesity
8. Irregular exercise
9. Smoking
10. Excessive consumption of alcohol and coffee
11. Hypertension
12. Ischemic heart disease
13. Alcohol consumption
14. Hypothyroidism
15. Congenital heart disease (septal defect, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect)
16. Cardiomyopathy (dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive)
17. Infection can also trigger heart failure.

C. Symptoms
1. Abdominal pain
2. Ankle swelling
3. Anxiety
 4. Bloating
5. Chest pain
6. Confusion
7. Cough
8. Depression
9. Dizziness
10. Dyspnea
11. Early satiety
12. Exercise intolerance
13. Exertional dyspnea
14. Fainting
15. Fatigue
16. Hemoptysis
17. Lightheadedness.
18. Loss of appetite
19. Nausea
20. Orthopnea
21. Palpitations
22. Paroxsymal nocturnal dyspnea
23. Purulent sputum
24. Sleeping disorder
25. Weight gain
26. Weight loss

D. Medication
1. Medical
a. Medicines
Medicines given by doctors aim to increase the strength of the heart muscle,
reduce the workload of the heart, and relieve symptoms.
b. Operation
 In addition to drugs, doctors can also perform surgery to treat the cause of heart
damage. Operational procedures that can be performed include:
1) Heart valve surgery, to repair or replace damaged heart valves
2) Heart bypass surgery, to create new blood flow using vessels from other parts
of the body
3) Angioplasty and ring (stent) surgery, to open up the blocked blood flow, by
inserting a balloon and placing a ring on the heart
4) Heart transplant surgery, to replace a damaged heart with a new heart obtained
from a donor
c. Implant placement
Doctors can also plant a device that can help the heart work to be able to pump
blood efficiently. The following are some of these types of tools:
1) Pacemaker : Pacemakers work by providing electrical stimulation to the heart
so that it can pump blood efficiently. This tool is placed behind the skin of
the chest area.
2) Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) : This device is connected to the
heart to monitor the heart rate. If the heart rate weakens or stops, the ICD will
send a shock signal so the heart can beat again.
3) Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) : This device is attached to the outside
of the heart to help the heart pump blood. LVAD is commonly used in
patients who are waiting for a donor for a heart transplant
2. Non-Medical
a. Mangosteen extract
Mangosteen extract is believed to be able to treat heart failure
b. Traditional cupping
Cupping serves to remove all kinds of diseases and clean the dirty blood in the
body
c. Ant nest
Ant nests are also believed to be able to treat heart disease by inserting ant nests
into plain water and drinking the water from the immersion
d. Swallow nest
 Similar to ant nests, swallow nests are also consumed by soaking them in water
and drinking water until they run out and sometimes even some groups eat the
soaked swallow nests

E. Preventive
1. Do not smoke
Smoking is a bad habit that needs to be abandoned. Smoking gives the body oxidative
stress that can increase the development of fatty plaques in the coronary arteries.
2. Healthy eating pattern
The basic principles of a heart-healthy diet are:
a. a diet high in fruits and vegetables,
b. foods rich in wheat (oats),
c. a source of protein such as fish.
d. The food you eat should be low in salt and saturated fat.
e. Avoid saturated fat which is bad for the heart, often found in junk food and fried
foods.
f. Food is better boiled, steamed or grilled than fried.
3. Maintain ideal body weight
Losing a few pounds can reduce the risk of heart disease. Excess body weight is
usually closely related to heart disease, diabetes, and bad cholesterol levels.
4. Physical training
Exercise can maintain ideal body weight, lowering the risk of heart disease and
stroke. Choose a sport that you like, starting from playing badminton or walking
briskly around the house.
5. Limit alcohol
Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of increasing high blood
pressure which in turn causes an increase in heart disease. In addition, excessive
alcohol increases the occurrence of liver disease.
6. Avoid stress
 Stress is related to the immune system and the occurrence of disease. If you are under
pressure and stress, seek help, talk to those closest to you or do activities you like to
reduce stress levels

7. Check with the doctor

Many people are afraid to check with the doctor. Whereas by conducting
consultations and examinations can prevent various diseases at an early stage.