Questions on Osteology and Anthropology

1. Describe the structure and geometrical classification of synovial joints. (20)

2. Describe the classification of synovial joints. (10)
3. With the aid of well labelled diagram(s), write briefly on:
a) Anatomy of the bovine carpus and tarsus (3)
b) Anatomy and clinical significance of the intervertebral disc (5)
c) Compact and cancellous bone (2)
4. Describe in brief the frontal paranasal sinus of the bovine species and highlight its
clinical significance. (5)
5. Write briefly on the anatomy of the tarsus in the following species
a) Bovine (2)
b) Porcine (2)
c) Canine (2)
6. Compare and contrast the structure of the following cells:
(a) Osteoclast and osteoblast (4)
7. Write short notes on the following;
a) Paranasal sinus, (4)
8. Name five foramina of the skull of the dog and state the structures passing through
these foramina. (5)
9. Write short notes on the following.
a) Anatomy of a typical vertebra, (2)
b) Digits of the dog, (2)
10. Discuss the carpal bones of the dog. How do they differ from other domestic
species? (20)
11. Describe the general anatomy of the nasal conchae and meatuses in domestic
animal species. (10)
12. Describe the anatomy of the intervertebral disc highlighting its clinical significance.
(10)
13. Briefly describe the anatomical location and clinical significance of the
14. following.
15. Maxillary sinus in the horse, (2)
16. State the function of sesamoid bones. (2)
17. Give two examples of splanchnic bones. (2)
18. Name any five foramina of the skull of the dog and the structures passing through
these foramina. (5)
19. List the elements which prevent fetlock hyperextension in the equine stay
apparatus. (3)
20. State any three non-articular processes on the humerus and mention any one muscle
which attaches on each of them. (3)
21. Differentiate between endochondral and intramembranous ossification. (4)
22. Briefly explain the following terms pertaining to bones:
(a) Trochanter (2)
(b) Foramen (2)
(c) Tubercle (2)
 (d) Fossa (2)
(e) Condyle (2)
23. Describe the anatomy of the nasal cavity of the domestic mammal (10)
24. Describe the structure and classification of synovial joints. (10)
25. Describe in brief, the limb suspensory ligament in bovine species. (5)
26. Write briefly on the
1) Sacrotuberous ligament (3)
2) Femoral triangle, (3)
27. Give an account of the gross structures that would have to be incised or severed in
order to disarticulate the forelimb in the dog. (20)
28. Write short notes on bone fracture repair. (5)
29. Name the bones that constitute a full thoracic girdle. (3)
a) State the function of sesamoid bones. (2)
b) Give two examples of splanchnic bones. (2)
30. Write short notes on the common clacanean tendon. (5)
31. Draw a simple diagram showing the arrangement of the carpal bones in the dog. (3)
32. Write short notes on:
(a) Foramen ovale (3)
(b) Harvesian system (2)
33. Describe the general anatomy of the nasal conchae and meatuses in domestic
animal species. (10)
34. Describe the various structures that constitute the stay apparatus in the horse. (20)
35. With the aid of a diagram, write briefly on the structure of a typical vertebral bone.
(3)
36. Give an account of the gross structures that would have to be incised or severed in
order to disarticulate the forelimb in the dog. (20)
37. Name the structures that form and or pass through the stifle joint. (4)
38. What are the Bursae and synovial sheaths. (3)
39. Describe the anatomy of the stifle joint of the horse. (15)
40. Give an account of the bones which make up the forelimb of a dog and name the
joints found on this limb. (10)
41. Discuss the patella locking system. (10)
42. With the aid of a diagram, write briefly on the anatomy of the bovine carpus and
tarsus (3)
43. With the aid of a diagram, write briefly on the anatomy and clinical significance of
the intervertebral disc (5)
44.