Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment 28 (2022) 100866

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Remote Sensing Applications: Society and

Environment
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/rsase

Remote sensing and GIS applications in water cryosphere and

climate change
Ajay Kumar Taloor a, *, Ajanta Goswami b, Ishwar Mohan Bahuguna c,
Kamalesh Kumar Singh d, Girish Ch Kothyari e
a Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India
b Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 247267, India
c Space Applications Center, Indian Space Research Organization, Ahmedabad, India
d India Meteorological Department, Ministry of Earth Sciences, New Delhi, India
e Department of Petroleum Engineering and Earth Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007, India

1. Introduction
The United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal-13 (SDG13) aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that cause climate
change and drive adaptation actions and also to take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. So it is important to
make deliberations and discussions at every platform in order to make our Earth safe and secure for future generations. Since the start
of this millennium, climate change which is referred to as long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns is among the most
widely scientific topic which has been widely studied by scientists around the world. The main effects of climate change are intense
droughts, storms, heat waves, rising sea levels, melting glaciers, flash floods, warming oceans, and depletion of water levels on the
Earth’s surface, which can directly harm the ecology and environment, disturb the man and animal, destroy the places they live, and
wreak havoc on people's livelihoods and communities. Besides this, cryosphere encompasses the term for those portions of Earth's sur-
face where water is in solid forms, such as sea ice, lake ice, river ice, and permafrost regions including snow cover, glaciers, ice caps,
ice sheets, and frozen ground. As per the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4; IPCC,
2007), global mean surface temperatures have risen by 0.74 ◦C ± 0.18 ◦C over the last hundred years when estimated by a linear
trend whereas the rate of warming over the last 50 years is almost double that over the last 100 years. Such impacts related to climate
warming are very evident and the cryosphere is undergoing marked change, including an increasingly negative mass balance of glaci-
ers, thickening of the active layer, and increasing permafrost temperature all are indicators of climate change (Zhang 2007; Kang et
al., 2010; Shukla et al., 2019; Taloor et al., 2022a,b,c,d,e; Thapliyal et al., 2022; Dhimal et al., 2021; Bhatnagar et al., 2022). Remote
Sensing(RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) are among the emerging technologies which enhanced the competence in the
field of geoscience and technology, particularly in the water cryosphere and climate change which are among the burning issue in the
global society as a small increase in temperature in the major cities of the world has created a sense of insecurity from heat waves. Be-
sides this cloud burst in the Himalayas which led to catastrophic floods, and a huge loss to public and private properties over the years
have changed tone of the global political and ideological thinkers to be aware of the facts of climate change and its consequences in
the present scenario and in near future have created a vast space for research in earth surface changes caused by climatic events and
tectonic pulses (Sood et al., 2020; Taloor et al., 2020a, 2021a,b,c,d,e; Kothyari et al., 2021; Dumka et al., 2021; Unger et al., 2006).
With the various development in the geospatial technology, the study of cryospheric and environmental change has also evolved a
lot with the using the satellite base techniques such as RS, GIS, Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS), Ground Penetrating
Radar (GPR), satellite based meteorological data inputs etc (Taloor et al., 2017, 2019; Singh et al., 2017; Kothyari et al., 2022a, b;
Haque et al., 2020; Dumka et al., 2022a, b; Kothyari et al., 2019; Nandy et al., 2021; Joshi et al., 2021,2022). With the increase in

* Corresponding author.
E-mail address: ajaytaloor@gmail.com (A.K. Taloor).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2022.100866
Received 28 July 2022; Received in revised form 29 October 2022; Accepted 29 October 2022
Available online 7 November 2022
2352-9385/© 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A.K. Taloor et al. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment 28 (2022) 100866

study related to water and climate change, it is also found that the geomorphic changes are caused by desertification, and overex-
ploitation of natural resources, and modifications due to anthropogenic activities. The impact of such changes is well reflected in the
Himalayan cryosphere. The synoptic and repetitive coverage of tectono-climatic perturbation and anthropogenic activities can be
thus monitored through the spaceborne remote sensing techniques (Yang et al., 2022; Bera et al., 2021; Bagchi,. et al., 2021; Taloor et
al., 2020b, 2021d; Sood et al., 2021a,b; Makrari et al., 2022; Swain et al., 2022; Bisht et al., 2022).

2. Contribution in this special issue

In this special issue six articles have been published which is just 20% of the manuscript submitted to this particular special issue
and most of the contributions in this special issue have come from the water science community of Indian Sub-Continent on various
applications of RS and GIS pertaining to tectono-climatic perturbations. Among the contributors to this Special Issue.
Bagchi et al. (2021) determine the groundwater prospects in the surreal and rugged Himalayan terrain’s springshed of the Mus-
soorie Hills using the Resourcesat-2 Linear Image Self Scanning −4(LISS-4) data. The GIS based study further validated with the
drainage basin analysis of Kandighat area of Missourian Syncline are supplemented by high resolution geophysical techniques.
Besides this, Kumar et al. (2021) used global rainfall data acquired between 1981 and 2020 to identify the spatial and temporal
variability in southwest monsoon rainfall pattern by applying the Mann-Kendall (MMK) technique. The study is related to the state of
Punjab also known as India’s breadbasket, facing he acute shortage of groundwater irrigation due to depletion of groundwater level
in many parts which leads to the stress in many parts of Punjab agriculture. The result found that the post-monsoon rainfall exhibited
decreasing trend for the state of Punjab as a whole. The study is quite useful for the policymakers, while making policies for the man-
agement and planning of water resources, urban planning like smart cities project, agricultural sustenance and other sectors require
and demand information about the spatiotemporal distribution, variability, changes and trend of rainfall over the area under consid-
eration.
Guptha et al. (2021) presented the utility of state-of-the-art remotely sensed datasets for Urban Drainage System (UDS) model-
ling and its resilience assessment. The authors utilized sub-hourly Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals (IMERG) rainfall data for a
comprehensive UDS evaluation over the Gurugram City of India. Prior to that, the efficacy of IMERG data at daily scale with the ob-
served rainfall was assessed and the results were encouraging. The effects of functional and structural failure scenarios on UDS
were analyzed using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The functional failure scenarios were based on the exacerbated
climate change and urbanization factors, whereas the structural failure scenarios were modelled as single-link failure conditions.
The results revealed intensification of rainfall due to climate change as a more serious threat compared to increasing impervious-
ness. Similarly, the single-link failure conditions revealed the most vulnerable conduits of the UDS considered. The study demon-
strated relevance to two Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), i.e., SDG 11 and SDG 13. This clearly substantiates the crucial role
of geospatial technology in accomplishing sustainability, especially over the developing and under-developed countries of the
world, where researchers often face challenges of data availability at high spatiotemporal resolution.
Furthermore, Gopika et al. (2021) applied laminar flow and volume-area scaling methods for estimating the velocity and volume
of storage water in glaciated regions of Bhaga basin of northwest Himalaya. More specifically, Gopika et al. (2021) applied Himalayan
Glacier Thickness Mapper (HIGTHIM) tool to monitor the velocity and thickness of glaciers and concluded that the thickness of glac-
ier varies from 28 ± 3.8 to 82 ± 11.2 m and moving with an average velocity of 8 ± 0.06 m/yr. However, the total storage water
content 15 ± 2.8 Gt has been estimated for the Bhaga glaciers.
Jose and Kumar (2022) have applied possibilistic c-means classification technique for identification of Isabgol (Psyllium husk)
medicinal plant. They applied five indices such as CBSI-NDVI, NDVI (NIR-Red), NDVINRE1 (NIR-Red edge 1), NDVINRE2 (NIR-Red edge
2) and NDVINRE3 (NIR-Red edge 3) using Sentinel-2 data. They used temporal images to optimize the separability analysis of CBSI-
NDVI database.
Moreover, Groundwater Storage (GWS) dynamics of Ganga plains have been studied by Srivastava and Dikshit (2022) using the
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data. In this study the seasonal analysis, of groundwater depletion was
determined and found that maximum depletion rate was observed during the for the monsoon season. The study obtained from the
GRACE based groundwater storage analysis was further validated using SPI index for drought as the long duration drought is strongly
correlated with ground water storage.

3. Conclusion and futuristic planning

The idea to edit this special issue came from a discussion with early career researchers (Group of 50 Water, Cryosphere and Cli-
mate change researchers in Indian working in the various research and academic institutes in Indian sub-continent using Remote
Sensing and GIS techniques. The articles in the present volume has depth knowledge of the many aspects of the water, cryopshere and
climate change, however we will propose a more coherent special issue on cryopshere and climate change using space based inputs in
the next year, which would be a new of its kind in the RS applications in society and environments. Morevoer the future research on
water,cryopshere climate change must, therefore, focus on designing an ecofriendly strategies that strikes a balance between the de-
velopment of human and protection of an environment so that clean air, water and food for all shall be provided to all creatures of na-
ture.

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A.K. Taloor et al. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment 28 (2022) 100866

Ethical statement
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to
influence the work reported in this manuscript and the work is ethical correct.

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to
influence the work reported in this paper.

Data availability
The authors are unable or have chosen not to specify which data has been used.

Acknowledgement
We are thankful to Prof. George Xian Co-Editor in Chief Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment Journal for giving
us an opportunity to edit this issue and constant support and guidance and healthy advice time to time for timely completion of this
special issue. This Special Issue would remain incomplete without expressing our sincere and deep sense of gratitude to Journal Man-
ager for valuable support, prompt response and able guidance and during the handling of the manuscripts for this Special Issue. We
would also like to thanks to the reviewers for their valuable comments and support during the editorial process. Special thanks to the
contributing authors of this special issue and all each and individual who help us to make it a successful issue.

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