NEWTON’S FIRST LAW

In the absence of external forces, an object at rest remains at

rest and an object in motion continues in motion with a
constant velocity

NEWTON’S 2ND LAW

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net
force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass

NEWTON’S 3RD LAW

If two objects interact, the force F 12exerted by object 1 on
object 2 is equal in magnitude to and opposite in direction to
the force F 21exerted by object 2 on object 1
F 12= - F 21

FREE BODY DIAGRAM

While solving any problem on Newton’s laws of motion, we
make use of free body diagram. In this diagrams we represent
all the external forces acting on the object and then apply
newton’s second law of motion to find its acceleration and
other parameters.

If the system to be analyzed involves more than on object, then

their free body diagrams are drawn separately and then solved.
While drawing the free body diagram, you must include all the
external forces on an object including any reactions which are
not mentioned in the problem but are to be deduced using
Newton’s third law of motion.

FRICTION
The force of friction is something you encounter all the time,
so it’s the easiest to understand. The force of friction is very
interesting in that its magnitude changes up to a maximum
value depending on the external force applied on the object.
Suppose you try to push a heavy box in order to slide it to
another location. You start pushing it with a little force initially
and you keep increasing the force until it starts to slide. Below
that value of force, the box remains at rest whatever be the
force applied on it by you.

For the box to remain in equilibrium, the force of friction must

always be equal to the force applied by you. Hence, it
concludes that the force friction (till the box doesn’t move)
equals to the applied force until it reaches a maximum after
which it remains constant.
Thus, frictional force opposes (impending or actual) relative
motion between two surfaces in contact. Static friction f s
opposed impending relative motion; kinetic friction f k opposes
actual relative motion. They are independent of the area of
contact and satisfy the following approximate laws: