GREETING

Good morning po, rinig po ba ako?

So we will continue the discussion about the Frameworks and Principles behind Our Moral
Disposition. The first three groups already discussed the Basic Theories as Frameworks in Ethics,
Virtue Ethics, Kant and Rights Theory, and now we will tackle Utilitarianism.

REPORT
In Act Utilitarianism, the principle of utility is applied directly to every alternative act in a
situation of choice. The right act is then defined as the one which brings about the best results,
or, the least amount of bad results.
Meaning, it is applied on a case by case basis. The decision we make depends on the possible
consequences or results of the given options that we have and we tend to choose the option that
may give the most pleasure and lesser pain to many people.

As Bentham also supported this theory with another quote “Nature has placed mankind under
two sovereign masters; pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do
as well as determine what we shall do”

Ayon nga po through act utilitarianism, ang palagi po nating pinipili ay kung saan tayo mas
sasaya, at kung ano ang nakabubuti para sa nakararami

Also, it is possible to justify immoral acts using act utilitarianism

For example po, yung pagnanakaw para may maipakain or maipangbiling gamot para sa mahal
nila sa buhay. Kasi minsan sa sobrang hirap po kitain ng pera lalo ngayon, yung iba po eh yun
nalang ang nakikita nilang way para makatulong ng mabilis
Another example po ay yung kapag nakapatay po ng tao as self-defense or by trying to save
others

However, one of the criticisms against this outlook is the difficulty of getting a full knowledge
and certainly of the consequences of people's actions.
Kasi diba, we don’t actually know if the action we chose will generate the greatest good for the
greater number of people or if it will really bring pleasure more than pain.

For example po, yung pagpili natin sa pagkain, minsan diba masarap naman magtry ng ibang
pagkain yung mga unfamiliar kaso minsan, nakakapagsisi lalo napo kung mahal yung pagkain at
di kayo satisfied. Parang maiisip nyo na lang sana yun nalang pong favorite nyo ang inorder nyo
ulit