Maryknoll College of Panabo, Inc.

Prk. Atis, Nat’l Highway, Brgy. Sto. Niño, Panabo City

PAASCU Accredited School Level 1

Is

“The Realm of Uncertainty: Academic struggles of the Grade 12 ABM

Students in Maryknoll College of Panabo, Inc.”

A Research Paper

Presented to:

Mr. Kent Ivan C. Romeo, LPT

Presented by:

Lumain, Andy Judd A.

Salting, Abigail Dawn T.

Arroyo, Angel D.

Garcia, Eprille Joyce L.

Calonia, Diane Guia N.

 Chapter 1

Introduction

The concept of education changed since the approval of the implementation of K-

12 curriculum. Fresh graduates coming from the junior high tend to choose a strand that

matches their abilities, skills, or even their personal desires. Within the said program,

one of the requirements of entering as a Senior High student is to pick a desired strand

or track to enroll to. One of the tracks available within the nation’s curriculum is the

Academic Tracks. Within it, there are 4 strands, namely: STEM (Science, Technology,

Engineering, Mathematics), ABM (Accountancy, Business, Management), HUMSS

(Humanities and Social Sciences), and GAS (General Academic Strand). However,

there will be students who choose a strand that doesn’t match with their abilities and/or

skills. Within the ABM strand, there are students who are not that business-inclined nor

mathematically-inclined. Yet, they still manage to pick that strand. Students like them

find it more difficult to deal with their chosen strand due to the fact that there are

numerous reasons why they have chosen that particular strand.

In the College of Accounting at Al-Jabal Al-Gharbi University, Libya; lecturers

noticed that these accounting students tend to have a negative attitude at the very

beginning and assume that accounting is an extremely difficult subject (Tailab, 2013). In

that particular place, negative assumptions have been created by the accounting students

of Libya in which it bears such consequences that might affect their perception about

accountancy in the midst of learning it. Moreover, there are certain courses in that

College that is related to the competencies, specifically the specialized subjects, in the

ABM strand in the Philippine curriculum. He stated that these courses are required for a

variety of majors (accounting, management, economic, and data analysis), and many of
the students who enrolled in these courses have never studied accounting before. By

this, it caused personal chaos among students and eventually received failing remarks in

which it obliged them to repeat in their failed course just to gain a passing grade. He

also stated that the College’s instructors agreed that academic achievement in these

basic accounting courses was very low. The struggle made them not go beyond the

passing remarks.

Since the senior high school program in the Philippines is still in its infancy

stage, the schools offering the ABM strand would face a lot of challenges as they are

still inexperienced on how to satisfy and cope with the demands of this program

(Abella, 2019). He also stated regarding to the problem of Grade 11 and Grade 12 ABM

students of Simala National High School, a secondary public school in Cebu,

Philippines; to cope with the challenges, the students need to develop time management

skills and properly set priorities on where to allocate their available finances. Owing to

the prior statements, it emphasized that the problems of ABM students coming from

Simala National High School are all about the typical difficulties including time

management, lack of finances and resources, lack of skills and experiences in tuned to

wisdom, and such. He also said that these students must be trained through work

immersions to boost its effectiveness and efficiency. Additionally, within Philippines,

many of these rumors include the fact that the strand’s specialized subjects are relatively

easy to grasp but are, at the same time, useful for those who want to get involved in

business-related affairs (Tan, 2017). In this case, the ABM students could understand

some of the specialized subjects easily but could not relate to such real-life experiences

linked to business-related situations. However, it has been observed that education in

most schools these days is very theoretical rather than experiential where students are
 not personally involved in business experiences (McHann and Frost, 2010). So, the

idealism behind this made them infused with such inaccuracies and are subjected to

philosophical miscues, and experimentations of putting them in a place that seems to be

more realistic in a way that will enhance their wisdom is not that evident and effective

enough in these days.

Within the school of Maryknoll College of Panabo, Inc. (MCPI) is the focal

point of this research in which ABM students from Grade 12 experience struggles. That

is enough to distinguish a particular student to know their experiences, coping

mechanisms, and insights regarding to their struggle. Through interviewing, such

information will help in formulating the results and discussion of this piece. The

uncertainty and struggle of most ABM students have led them to be more perplexed. In

this case, there will be numerous reasons that might have put them in a place wrapped in

struggles. Within this realm full of possibilities and uncertainties, this type of

phenomenon can certainly happen to the senior high students, specifically, ABM

students.

The researchers have not come across a study that specifically discusses the

struggle of the ABM students within Maryknoll College of Panabo, Inc. Furthermore,

this study will provide relevant concepts that would possibly create certain coping

mechanisms or solutions in the academic community.

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of this phenomenological study is to go further about the struggles

and uncertainties of ABM students. This research aims to find possible reasons and
themes concerning to their struggle of the ABM students. In that way, we will provide

numerous information regarding to what have thoroughly discussed within this piece.

At this stage in the research, the ABM students’ struggle within their strand is

definitely an issue and a phenomenon that is currently existing within the realm of

academe, specifically, within Maryknoll College of Panabo, Inc. due to the fact that their

phase is when they distinguish their skills and knowledge and look beyond their

potentials in terms of accounting, business, and management; which may lead to having

the capability of choosing ABM-related courses in college. The ABM students tend to be

filled with numerous activities related to their strand in which it is the basis of knowing

such information related to their chose strand. Within these circumstances, they may form

a new set of problem that might linger throughout the years inside to an academic

institution. By that, in any means, it is part of the everyday norms that an ABM student

will face but its popularity and heaviness cannot be tolerated. In this case, a prominent

solution and discussion must be presented in order for it to be essential and significant for

the upcoming researchers.

This phenomenological study would likely to accentuate wisdom and knowledge

by means of providing solution-oriented concepts or ideas towards a problem that is quite

massive within a certain institution. Also, this study would also enable us to add a body

of eruditions towards ABM students who are struggling in their strand. Through this

study, we would be able to attach the most prominent information possible that would

help an ABM student fathom about the concept and purpose of their chose strand. This

particular investigation also aims to voice out those unheard voices of those ABM

students who want to be voiced out, since we assume that many of the respondents are

not confident enough to speak out their opinions or even coming out from their shell.
 Moreover, this research piece visualizes a documentation of numerous

respondents on the ABM students to acknowledge their opinions, sides, and experiences

in regards to this prevalent issue. Both positive and negative answers are highly expected

to be uttered in the midst of an interviewing session made by the researchers of this piece.

Additionally, this study has the intent to ask a group of ABM students, listen to what they

will speak, deeply understand their side, and have an absolute discussion and analyzation

of the respondents’ experiences and opinions.

Research Questions

1. What are the experiences encountered by the struggling ABM students in their

designated strand?

2. How do they cope with their struggle in taking ABM strand?

3. What are their insights about choosing the ABM strand?

Theoretical Lens

In this study’s main problem, there will be specific theories to present based on

the students’ struggle in decision making. It formulated speculations regarding to the

decision-making process behind the struggle of the ABM students of MCPI.

There will be only two theories to be stated on this research in which it involves

the reason of choosing ABM strand of a certain student, which is the behavioral decision

theory and the mindset theory. In this theory, it is generally all about perception,

description, and behavioral-based reasons.

 The Behavioral Decision Theory has two interrelated facets, normative and

descriptive. The normative theory is concerned with prescribing courses of action that

conform most closely to the decision maker’s beliefs and values. Describing these beliefs

and values and the manner in which individuals incorporate them into their decisions is

the aim of descriptive decision theory (Fischhoff, 1977). In this case, the normative

theory, the first facet, is generally about one’s beliefs and values.

The Normative Theory under the theory of behavioral decision states that one’s

beliefs and values serve as the ultimate basis of what he or she will be going to decide to.

Perhaps they have made a decision based on their beliefs, resulting to experience the

unexpectedness of such consequences It is like a fundamental nature to process a

permanent decision. In making a certain decision, a student will probably be going to

emphasize his or her perception and point of view towards something. In that way, the

decision maker tends to be more rational and logical when it comes to making an

irrevocable decision.

The second facet of the Behavioral Decision Theory will be the descriptive

decision theory. Within this theory, one is more likely to produce decision if he or she

will base on their imagination. They will imagine or describe the characteristics of their

belief or value in making a decision whether if it is worthy to be chosen or not. Owing to

this, their judgment or imagination towards something will be their foundation in making

a permanent decision. Just like normative theory, perhaps their imagination is the basis of

making a decision in which they will experience the consequences that will eventually

follow. In that way, in suffering the consequence, it creates a sudden stigma to both of the

subcomponents stated.
 The second theory that will be elucidated will be the mindset theory. This theory

is divided into two, which are the fixed mindset and growth mindset. They are somehow

related to the main problem of this piece due to the fact that one’s mindset could be the

basis of choosing a strand with hindsights in their eventuality.

People who have a fixed mindset have a "certain amount of intelligence, a certain

personality, and a certain moral character" they are these people who always have a

question on their selves such as "will I succeed or fail" or “will I be accepted or

rejected?” (Dweck, 2006). To connect the main problem towards fixed mindset, one

student will probably have to choose a single strand according to their raised standards

and perception. Within fixed mindset, people who have it always aims for perfection. In

relation to this, they are aiming for the best and it is in their total need to be at the top.

Perhaps that might be the reason why ABM students tend to struggle due to being

competitive at times and aiming for perfection. But, there are some instances that they are

experiencing difficulty yet they are pushing themselves just to be on the top.

Within growth mindset, students to overcome their fears and starts working on

essential things that could benefit in their way of living. In growth mindset, students

understand that their talents and abilities can be developed through effort, good teaching

and persistence. They don't necessarily think everyone's the same or anyone can be

Einstein, but they believe everyone can get smarter if they work at it. (Dweck, 2006). In

this case, relating to the point of this research piece, ABM students tend to choose any

strand whether if it is hard or easy in their perception as long as they have the will to

persevere and commit such things that could boost their intellect. Perhaps they chose

ABM strand just to learn something new despite of the difficulties they are facing. They
usually nurture growth and change whether in their academic and in reality-based

circumstances.

So, in this case, generally, the stated theories and its subcomponents are somehow

connected to the struggle of the ABM students of MCPI in which it will later be

distinguished in the latter part of this research piece.

Significance of the Study

The researchers of this qualitative investigation are sanguine and confident at the

same time in having a thorough conduct of study of the ABM students within Maryknoll

College of Panabo, Inc. We are hopeful and confident enough that this phenomenological

study would help many ABM students and the aspiring ABM students to ease the tension

and pressure in their chosen strand. Also, this study would add significance and give

benefit to the following people:

 ABM students

- In this research piece, they are the focal point of this study due to the fact that

they are the ones who are struggling in their own designated strand. Most of them

are not mathematically-inclined and yet they choose the ABM strand. This study

will provide information for the ABM students on what will be the possible

solutions in the main problem of this piece.

 Aspirant ABM students

- They can also perceive this as significant and beneficial as they assess their

possible strengths and weaknesses if they will choose ABM as their strand to
 pursue. In this case, they will be enlightened about the concept of the ABM

strand in which it may raise their awareness.

 Teachers

- Teachers can also benefit in this research as they will have the capability to

deeply observe and analyze their ABM students on what will be their

weaknesses in a specific discipline and how they will manage to make things

easier for the ABM students to overcome their struggles.

 School Administrators

- The school administrators can also benefit in this study as they will fathom

about the struggling ABM students and how they will give enlightenment and

solutions towards them.

 Upcoming Senior High Students

- They can also benefit in this study as they will have enlightenment and

awareness to choose a strand that is related to their matured skills and desires.

 Academe or Academic Authorities

 They can also benefit to this study as they will have the cue to empower and

improve such resources within any academic community.

 Future Researchers

 They can also have benefits to this study as they will be enlightened and rais

their awareness to any kind of problems similar to the main problem of this

study.

Through this systematic investigation, we have the capability on providing such

theories, explanations, and possible factors concerning about the main issue about the
aforementioned topic on this research piece. Also, we are able to construct information

that might ease such circumstances, and probably produce outcomes as it will be

manifested or exhibited in real-life situations.

Furthermore, the information that will be distinguished throughout this piece will

serve as a helpful guide of knowledge in improving ABM students’ condition. In that

way, the students will have the possibility in exhibiting such given solutions that will be

disseminated in the latter part of this study. The creators behind this piece has the full

willful intent and are certainly strategically-inclined in which this qualitative

investigation also emphasizes the improvement of the Grade 12 ABM students. To our

Grade 12 schoolmates who have experienced the main predicament of this study, it is

rest-assured that they have the heart of pouring such wisdom and information in to this

piece since they have undergone that particular phase in their academic life.

Moreover, the researchers in the future who have the intention to conduct a study

similar to the general problem of this piece, this will serve as a guide or assistance for it

will be an ultimate ingredient or a helping hand to their study and investigation.

Definition of Terms

• Accountancy - a practice of accounting; a profession made for an individual who

is inclined in the field of accounting.

• ABM – one of the strands within the Academic Track which basically means

“Accountancy, Business, Management”

• Business - a specific part of an endeavor; commercially inclined to any existing

enterprises.
 • Management - an act act of managing or directing something in order to make a

specific phenomenon systematic and complying to such plans.

• Realm of Uncertainty - it is a metaphor used in this study that refers to the

phenomenon pertaining to the ABM students’ dubieties, struggle, and

unknowabilities in their designated strand.

• Student - an individual who attends school to learn and engage academic and

non-academic activities.

• Grade 12 - a grade level next to Grade 11, in accordance to the implemented K-

12 system within the Republic of the Philippines.

• Struggle - difficulties due to exertion of effort made by an individual.

• Academic – associated with the learnings within an education institution.

Delimitations and Limitations

This phenomenological study was delimited and aimed only in having a

documentation of the struggling ABM students’ experiences, opinions, insights, coping

mechanisms, and their side of the story. Our group will interview some selected Grade 12

ABM students in Maryknoll College of Panabo, Inc. Furthermore, this qualitative study

was conducted from November of 2019 to March of 2020.

However, we acknowledged that this study had number of weaknesses in which it

hinders to achieve the expected prevalence of this qualitative research piece. With the

capability of interviewing and documenting numerous ABM students, we managed to

pick a small group of students since not all of them have experienced the problem within

their strand, and to also keep the limitation in making of this piece. So, in this case, their
claims will be supported as much but it cannot be achieved with a perfect validation. The

experiences of the participants will be gathered but cannot guarantee perfectionism in

such stated information because their claims in tuned to their memory and thoughts are

subjects in human error.

Organization of the Study

Chapter 1 presents the problem of ABM students nowadays, particularly within a

school in Panabo City. This part also presents a short explanation about the education in

the Philippines. International, national, and local coverage are presented in this part.

Moreover, it is where we state such questions for the chosen participants to answer to dig

deep and elaborate more in terms of the outcome of this qualitative investigation. In that

way, such solutions will be presented and it is indeed necessary.

Chapter 2 deals with varied studies and findings about the Senior High academic

strands, facts about the ABM strand, the purpose of ABM strand, the struggle of ABM

students who are not mathematically-inclined, the uncertainties of an ABM student, and

other related studies for this information will contribute on distinguishing such solutions

of the main problem of this research piece.

Chapter 3 presents the design of the study, the role of every researcher in the

making of this piece, and the participants or respondents involved. Also, data collection

and analysis are necessarily included. The study’s trustworthiness and credibility and

ethical considerations are discussed and explained together.

Chapter 4 explains the results of the study from the supportability of the

aforementioned research questions administered to the participants in which it will be the

basis of the enlightenment of the essential matter within phenomenological aspects of

views. These views of the involved participants are gathered.

Chapter 5 discusses the foundation of the study’s findings and its deviation of the

stated theories given by such sources and distinguished authors. Furthermore, it also

shows the elucidation of its implication in the practice and further research, the discussion

of the main predicament, and its concluding remarks.

Chapter 2
 Review of Related Literature

This part of the research presents various related literature and studies in relation

to the main predicament of this study. This will enhance the understanding of a particular

topic related to this study. Also, this part will present three different section within its

scope, such as: struggles experienced by ABM students, effects of being an ABM student,

and benefits of being an ABM student.

Struggles experienced by ABM students

Being an ABM student has many competencies to achieve and skills or abilities to

possess and improve. The ABM strand in its most fundamental sense refers to the

accountancy, business, and management academic programs that concentrate on the

foundational concepts in corporate operations, financial management, business

management, as well as each and every factor that revolves around those central fields

(Antonio, 2018). From the name of the strand itself "Accountancy, Business,

Management", those three must be thoroughly discussed and requires immersion to fully

relate oneself towards the real world of business and finances. Behind the progress of an

ABM student is where struggles lie; difficulty in terms of decision making, solving

mathematics, analyzing, background or prior knowledge or experiences, time

management and stress management, and effectively communicating.

One of the many challenges in ABM is the decision-making that students have to

face. In order to become a successful entrepreneur, one must know how to make

intelligent decisions (Biliran, 2018). Since the students within ABM strand must possess

and distinguish the characteristics of ABM-related careers like entrepreneurs, accountant,

and managers; it is indeed a must that they need to make an intellectual decision. In this
way, it will broaden their mindset and would make them more aware of what is likely to

be an individual immersing within the business world. You can learn a decision-making

process that allows you to quickly assess the best choice and make it based on data that

supports the objectives and goals you’ve been tasked to achieve (Ray, 2018).

The process of decision making is indeed keen for a certain individual to possess

due to the fact that it strengthens the probability to make such things happen in reality.

The process does not only involve one person yet two or more persons can be involved,

especially when they are in a big business. In relation to this, this would train the students

to boost their intuition and intellect concerning that particular process, which is the

decision making. Simply put, the way life unfolds—with its twists and turns, starts and

stops—requires us to make choices and decisions every step of the way (Brenner, 2015).

Just like STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) strand, ABM is a

mathematically-inclined strand. But the difference is that ABM focuses more on With the

ABM Strand track, your reasoning skills are going to get sharpened to their fullest

potential. (Antonio, 2018). Also, the ABM strand does not need algebra, trigonometry,

geometry, calculus, and such; thus it only entails with basic mathematical operations. Its

purpose would make such ABM students raise their awareness of the things that are

circling around the business world. Accountancy, Business and Management strand does

not fall in the spectrum of Mathematics alone and it is not about for the students who are

excellent in Mathematics (Arceo et al, 2018). In this case, mathematics is still used yet

analyzation is considered to be the major component in the ABM strand. Analytical skills

is indeed an essential skill for a student to have. This is one of the most necessary skill

sets that you are going to master while studying the fields of business, finance, and

accounting (Antonio, 2018). The students' perception towards the ABM strand induced
difficulties or struggles in which its outcome could be detrimental for their own sake due

to the fact that perceiving a certain thing negatively would likely disturb them mentally.

This allows us to make snap judgments and decisions, but it can also lead to biased or

stereotyped perceptions of other people (Cherry, 2019). In this case, their general

overview in knowing the ABM strand through forming assumptions and judgment on its

characteristics or traits is clearly manifested in a way that it affects their performance.

The mindsets people adopt have everything to do with their judgment of anything

(Oppong, 2017).

Furthermore, within the angle of the ABM strand, management and business-

related actions are quite necessary for a student to deeply learn and manifest. You will

have a knowledge on what business are you going to start with and how will you run your

business (Antonio, 2018). The implications of a student who has a background of running

or assisting a particular business or having such eruditions about business would give

them the benefit of learning within the ABM strand smoothly and easily. The greater your

expertise in that domain, the more requisite knowledge you have on the ready to consider

the novel question (Wenk, 2017).

Mostly of the students nowadays, especially ABM students, have no background

knowledge of accountancy, business, and management. Given by the fact that some chose

that strand with the objectivity and intent to learn and comprehend, give them courage to

distinguish through the unknown, and enhancing their knowledge or depleting their

ignorance. Calling them as novice students or learners, they are the ones who are

embraced by the uncertainties thus leading to having difficulties. Even with all the

necessary prerequisites met, students commonly begin courses with inadequate prior

knowledge or, more problematically, with prior knowledge that is confused and that
includes misunderstandings, flawed thinking, and misplaced assumptions (Hudson,

2016). Even if students have prior knowledge, there are some instances that their already

formulated thoughts are distorted or inaccurate and by this, it can be identified through

having new knowledge where misconceptions are corrected.

Moreover, being a Senior high student, especially an ABM student, has numerous

workloads to deal with. In this way, time management is often needed to deal with such

things in a short amount of time. In this case, they often feel the pressure and struggles in

fulfilling such tasks. Because of this, they cannot seem to properly enact time

management since they are still progressing. Students have always been perceived as

stressed individuals due to the amount of academic workload they bear (Aishah et al,

2016). Likewise, academic stress involves mental distress regarding anticipated academic

challenges or failure or even the fear of the possibility of academic failure (Thakkar,

2018).

With combined workloads in academics, stress and pressure is expected to happen. By

this, they cannot perfectly fight or control stress, instead, stress controls them. Excessive

stress may leave us feeling "tied up in knots" (Ceniza, et al, 2017). Owing to the prior

statements, the students are trainees of stress management, in which it is part of the

academic process. With the aid of stress management, they have the urge to fight the

stress within themselves to continue on doing what is important productively. Stress

management defines stress precisely as a person's physiological response to an external

stimulus that triggers the "fight-or-flight" reaction (Ceniza et al, 2017).

Moroever, an individual like an ABM student needs communication skills in

pursuing ABM-related courses. While taking the ABM strand track, you are going to

learn how to communicate with different types of people (Antonio, 2018). Also, public
speaking is a great way of building personal development on many levels, since

improving communication skills is helpful in almost every area of life (Barnard, 2017).

The concept of ABM is all about engaging to different people through the use of finances

and business. Unfortunately, in communicating orally in English, students usually

encounter varied speech problems that evidently hinder their communication and

eventually negatively affect their general proficiency and academic performance (Azagra,

2017). Due to this, there are senior high students, especially ABM students who are timid

to showcase their communication skills. In other words, some of them have glossophobia

or fear of public speaking.

Students under this strand are expected to have numerical, leadership,

interpersonal, and communication skills (Biliran, 2018). Communication is one of the

requirements that an ABM student must put into manifestation. With reason of this, skill

in oral communication is demanded globally because all the careers offered by the global

village like banking, commerce, business, tourism, education, engineering, medicine, etc.

use English language as a means of communications (Azagra, 2017).

Effects of being an ABM student

The ABM strand is designed to teach the aspiring students to dive deep about the

concept of accountancy, business, and management in real world. This particular track is

more on analyzation, interpretation, and logic in which it form students to be more

meticulous, advanced, and logical. Understanding its effects, accountancy, business and

management (ABM) will definitely boost the skills and competencies of Senior High
School students aspiring to take Accountancy, Business Administration and Management

in college (Batu et al, 2018).

Choosing the ABM strand and going to school as an ABM student would make a

step closer to their desirability or passion of pursuing ABM-related courses, in that way,

they will have the capability to fully engage with the give subjects by the time they are in

college. The implications of it could benefit them big time knowing that in the part of

their progress underlies the acquisition of learning ABM-related studies. In relation to

this, Subjects in the Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) strand will help the

Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) students on their journey to be

successful in the corporate world (Batu et al, 2018). This strand serves as the bridge

towards absorbing the beauty of the world of finances, corporation, and negotiation.

Once a senior high student graduates as an ABM student, opportunities come

closer to him or her. Numerous ABM-related courses are ahead of them and they are free

to choose whatever they have in desire. There are college courses under accounting (e.g.

BS Accountancy and BS Accounting Technology), business (e.g. Agribusiness

Management, BS Business Administration, and BS Entrepreneuriship), management (e.g.

BS Community Development, BS Customs Administration, BS Foreign Service, BS

Hotel and Restaurant Development Management, BS International Studies, BS Office

Administartion, BS Public Administartion, and BS Public Safety), and real estate

management (BS Social Work and BS Tourism Management), as stated and

comprehended by Fortun (2018). Those are some of the courses that an ABM student

have the capability and encouragement to pursue in their college to get a particular

degree.
Benefits of being an ABM student

The ABM strand introduces and equip students for the corporate and business

world. This strand have subjects like Business Math, Applied Economics, Organization

and Management and many more. These skills will help them become entrepreneurs or

individuals who run or manage a company (Biliran, 2018). The mentioned subjects will

serve as the steppingstone towards the knowingness of the concept of business,

accountancy, management, and such.

With the ABM strand, basically, it is all about managing, engaging in businesses,

and handling and computing money. This strand is best for students who would like to be

businessmen, entrepreneurs, marketing/sales/financial managers and specialists

(Constantino, 2016). Likewise, Being in the ABM strand can lead you to become a

banker, budget officer, sales agent, financial analyst, or an accountant (Constantino,

2016). Each competencies the ABM strand have serves as the basis of one’s knowledge

interrelated to such businesses, finances, accountability, corporation, and other

ABMrelated jobs. So, owing to the prior statements, their leadership and numerical skills

will be enhanced to be fully equipped with such eruditions to the future. By this, they will

formulate such characteristics like being strategic, wise, smart, open-minded, and other

traits that are essential for an individual like them to have.

The ABM strand can take you on a direct path to careers in accounting and

management: sales management, human resources, marketing director, bookkeeper,

project officer, accounting clerk, internal auditor, and many more (Biliran, 2018). By this,

the ABM strand provides competencies that are related to business, financing, and

accounting; in a nutshell, certain things such as money and documents are the major
things that they will face and experience to the extent that it is bound to their

professionalism.

Moreover, the ABM strand curriculum opens doors for aspiring students to have

more knowledge and wisdom about appreciating and dive deeper about the intricate

elements and concepts about the accounting, business, and management realm. This

strand also uses basic mathematics and great analytical skills to systemize the given

equations for their solutions. Though in this strand, one must be mathematically-inclined

but it would not dive deeper about mathematical complexities in such mathematical fields

like geometry, algebra, trigonometry, and others. With subjects like Applied Economics,

Business Ethics and Responsibility, Accountancy, Business Math, and Principles of

Marketing, you are trained to think big. Those who complete this strand will play an

important role in the corporate world (Constantino, 2016).

By taking the ABM strand you will be trained to analyze assets, understand

everything involved with financial positions, interpret various profitability, and prepare

audit accounts (Biliran, 2018). The subjects that are involved in the ABM strand are the

tools designed and crafted for the aspiring students to distinguish and develop their skills

in order for them to utilize it throughout their journey within the business and corporate

world. In this strand, subjects that are inclined to such finances and management are very

much expected. Managerial and organizational context are disseminated to every ABM

students for the sake of having the access to get in professional white-collar or blue-collar

jobs. Likewise, the ABM strand can take you on a direct path to careers in accounting and

management: sales management, human resources, marketing director, bookkeeper,

project officer, accounting clerk, internal auditor, and many more (Antonio, 2018).
 Aside from analytical or critical, finance, and mathematical skills; time

management, communication skills or public speaking, and having a harmonious balance

between workers are also practiced in the midst of learning within ABM strand. Within

the business world, those three components must be utilized by a business-inclined

individual to be able to not be ostracized within that realm; or in other words, having the

capability to reach their standards and expectations and conserving ethics to continue the

systematic flow of business, corporation, finances and such. Thus, having certain

etiquettes to live with. Likewise, good business etiquette allows a business to put its best

foot forward and stand out from the rest (Grant, 2016).

Time management is very important and it may actually affect individual's overall

performance and achievements (Khan & Nasrullah, 2015). One thing for sure is that

ABM students are practiced to be more efficient in time to manage their doings in an

organized manner. Proper decision making will also bear during the practice of time

management. Adeyemi-Balogun and Fejoh (2018) also implied that time management has

a way of affecting decision making process. By means of time management, an individual

has the capability to allocate time, prevent procrastination. and wisely manage their

personal finances. Though this requires amount of work to be done, but eventually, it will

be worth it by means of closely perfecting the skill. In relation to this, each and every

student should have time management ability which includes setting goals & priorities,

using time management mechanism and being organized in using time (Khan &

Nasrullah, 2015).

Moreover, running a business involves clear and concise communication

(Antonio, 2019). Being an ABM student does not only require being good in analyzation
and in mathematics, he or she must also learn and adapt the ethics of a good public

speaker or being admirable when it comes to discourse or communicating to other

persons. Whether you communicate via email, phone conversations, in-person meetings

or presentations, relaying information clearly and concisely goes a long way toward

supporting your credibility (Half, 2018). The similarities of the requirements needed in

accounting, business administration and management, one must be charismatic in

explaining and interpreting such thoughts towards a person to boost one's credibility and

reliability. So, with the help of the strand ABM, a student will assess their weaknesses

and strengths in terms of communicating or publicly speaking, since "oral

communication" is a core subject in all Senior high strands. By this, oral communication

enhances communication skills and induces professionalism. Communication skills

inculcate professionalism in speaking styles, ways of self-expression and attitudes

towards others, and these traits would hold students in good stead in their professional

lives (Lucanus, 2017).

Having a harmonious relationship is essential for an ABM student to possess, due

to the fact that it induces professionalism, respect, and camaraderie towards an another

person. Put simply, greater diversity means greater business vibrancy, and you must

ensure you stress the importance of respect in the workplace to reflect this (Martinelli,

2018). Well, in this case, there is a difference between business relationship and

friendship, wherein obviously, business relationship is often placed within businesses

while friendship is fully wrapped in intimacy and is indeed personal. Friends are those

people that we socialise with outside of work and are characterised by significant and

somewhat intimate interactions (Acuff, 2017). Through the specialized subjects within
ABM strand like Work Immersion, Organization and Management, and Business Ethics

and Social Responsibility; ABM students will know such information concerning the

principles and ethics of socializing, handling businesses, managing units, and cooperating

within a business. However, it’s important that your employees understand that, while

discussion is important, you must be respectful, professional and pleasant while at work

(Martinelli, 2018).

Furthermore, senior high school students will also be required to engage

themselves in the field through practical experience and immersions in various sectors

and corporate industries (Yu, 2018). In this case, to fully immerse oneself to the real

world regarding to the competencies of the accountancy, business, and management

strand; immersion and culminating activities would benefit them in a way that efficiency

and effectiveness is never an understatement nor a mere possibility. It would enrich their

skills and abilities to engage such activities in real life. The intricacies behind the

systematic beauty of ABM strand lies in one’s knowledge and wisdom, thus sharing it to

raise eruditions for the ones who have desires about getting in to the business and

financing world. One of the key benefits of studying ABM is that it offers students the

opportunity to undertake work placements and professional projects (Antonio, 2018).

Through ABM strand, critical thinking and a thorough problem solving is highly needed

to immerse yourself in to the particularity of that world, making them equipped with a

background of knowledge regarding ABM eruditions towards pursuing college.

 Chapter 3

Methodology

Research Design

In order for this research to be understandable and relevantly inclined to an in-

depth analysis of such distressful circumstances, insights or opinions of the ABM

students and their coping mechanisms, we utilized a certain research method to be able to

formulate and substantiate such information in this piece, which is phenomenological

study.
Phenomenology is an approach to qualitative research that focuses on the

commonality of a lived experience within a particular group. The fundamental goal of the

approach is to arrive at a description of the nature of the particular phenomenon

(Creswell, 2013). By the means of this, this study focused on the experiences of a certain

group or person. The respondents typically have knowledge about such events and

experiences in which it can be uttered through in a form of an interview and/or

documentation.

Among the five approaches described by Creswell, we used phenomenology as

the basis of our study due to the fact that this research uses the participants’ experiences

and insights regarding to the main problem of this piece. Phenomenology is a form of

qualitative research that focuses on the study of an individual’s lived experiences within

the world (Neubauer, 2019). From the word “phenomenology” itself, it refers to a

phenomenon based on a certain person’s knowledge in a certain event or experience.

By the means of this, this study is dependent to the insights, experiences, and

opinions since the formation and attachment of such information is based on the uttered

words of the participants.

 With roots in philosophy, psychology and education, phenomenology attempts to

extract the most pure, untainted data and in some interpretations of the approach,

bracketing is used by the researcher to document personal experiences with the subject to

help remove him or herself from the process. One method of bracketing is memoing

(Maxwell, 2013). In this case, phenomenology is indeed linked to one’s intuition or

experiences based on a certain phenomenon. The participant will utter such words that

might be the basis of the success if the complete formulation of the research piece.

As created by Creswell (2007), there are five major steps in conducting a

phenomenological study in which it will be followed in this study. The first step in this

study is to find a problem and find a suitable research approach to fully analyze the

participants’ experiences of a particular phenomenon and gain a deeper understanding.

So, in this phenomenological study, the main problem of this research will be the struggle

or difficulties of ABM students in their own designated strand.

The second step in this phenomenological study is to provide questions relevant to

the main problem of this research piece. There are 3 main questions with 5 sub-questions

in every question to gain such information and better understanding pertinent to the

participants’ experiences, coping mechanisms, insights or views. Besides, the goals of the

interview were deeply exploring the respondent’s point of view, feelings and perspectives

(Gempes, 2008).

The third step is to transcript the collected data coming from interviewing the

participants. The five sub-questions tend to be basis of creating such information in

accordance to the main questions and ensure that the participants will utter their

experiences, insights, and coping mechanisms pertaining to the research problem. The

information that will be gathered will undergo in the process of transcription. As stated
by Creswell (2007), to fully describe how participants view the phenomenon, researchers

must bracket out, as much as possible, their own experiences. By the means of this, the

participants will serve as the focal point of this research piece.

The fourth step is the establishment of themes in-lined with the organization of

responses uttered by the participants. Thematic analysis is the process of identifying

patterns or themes within qualitative data (Delahunt and Maguire, 2017). After the

transcription process, categorization and clustering is indeed vital and necessary. The

themes that will be yielded is advantageous enough to form numerous descriptions.

Lastly, the formulation of findings and results in the research piece. The results

section should state the findings of the research arranged in a logical sequence without

bias or interpretation (Labaree, 2009). By the means of this, the researchers will come to

a systematic conclusion and provide such recommendations. Thus, the phenomenological

study seeks exploration and thorough analyzation of the experiences, insights, and coping

mechanisms of the participants.

Through phenomenological research, the researchers have the capability to assess,

determine, and grasp the meaning behind the texts given by the participants. Additionally,

interviews are an appropriate method when there is a need to collect indepth information

on people’s opinions, thoughts, experiences, and feelings (Easwaramoorthy and

Zarinpoush, 2006). Through the use of an interview, it is the foundation of substantiating

the possible solution of the main problem of this piece, since its content will be the

opinions and sides of the corresponding participants. Moreover, the interview does

focuses on the ABM students’ struggle in their strand, particularly the main predicament

of this piece.
Role of the Researchers

The role of the researchers in this qualitative research is an important or

significant matter to be considered in the successful pursuit of this investigation of any

social phenomena. The role of the researcher in qualitative research is to attempt to

access the thoughts and feelings of study participants (Austin and Sutton, 2015). In this

particular study, the researchers are highly qualified and are having intellectual curiosity

to pursue this type of investigation due to the fact that the researchers are ABM students

and have encountered a lot of ABM students struggling in their own designated strand.

The ABM students’ experiences, insights, and opinions are relatable to the researchers;

thus having a mutual inclusivity to both researchers and to the informants.

The research is an instrument of data collection (Denzin and Lincoln, 2003). In

essence, this research needs data, thus allowing the researchers to collect data. Moreover,

the researchers possessed the abilities of writing such information, thoroughly analyzing

the participants’ experiences, insights, and opinions, having a keen observation about the

recent phenomenon concerning the struggle of the ABM students, and helping those

distressed and struggling ABM students to overcome their revolving predicament within

themselves and their fellow peers and allowing them to have a healthy living mentally

and emotionally. Although we have some biases in this study, especially to the

researchers who are also subjects to human error and inaccuracies in terms of their

manifested feelings and emotions about this piece, but the theories and related studies

stated in this piece are respected and considered.

With regards to the basic roles of the researchers in this piece, to make it

systematically organized, the researchers or considered as data collectors played the role

of an interviewer, translator, transcriber, analyst, and encoder. In this way, this research
will be well-constructed and comprehended. Kvale (1996) describe the researcher’s role

splitting the research into seven stages: thermalizing, designing, interviewing,

transcribing, analyzing, verifying and reporting.

However, the splitting of roles for the researchers in the process of making this

research is not made to imply that the researchers are obligated to work in a

systematically progressive way wherein fact this is impossible for sustaining the

credibility and accuracy of this research piece.

Furthermore, the researcher’s role in qualitative research is critical, as he or she

collects data and implements analysis (Creswell, 2007). The researchers in this study will

gather those data and organize it through the process of categorization in tuned with such

possible themes. The researchers have the full responsibility to deeply analyze and

understand the gathered data made from the informants in this piece. It is vital to wholly

comprehend the answers and have intellectual honesty to form such detailed information.

Thus, through conducting this qualitative piece, sustaining accuracy and credibility is

indeed necessary to promote reliability and trustworthiness. Ensuring our usage of a

phenomenological approach for the sake of this piece’s credibility is one way to settle a

pure understanding of the participants’ experiences, coping mechanisms, and insights as

they are experiencing struggles or difficulties in the ABM strand in Senior High.

Research Participants

In this phenomenological study, the participants are Grade 12 ABM students of

Maryknoll College of Panabo, Inc., Panabo City, Davao del Norte. The Senior High

ABM students are the chosen participants in this research piece due to the fact that they

have experienced struggles in their strand. The ABM students are the main key

informants in the interview or documentation for the gathering of data concerning to their

experiences, coping mechanisms, and insights about their difficulties and uncertainties.

Furthermore, the participants were identified and determined by the following

attributes needed: (a) a senior high student currently enrolled in Maryknoll College of

Panabo, Inc., (b) an ABM student, (c) a Grade 12 student, (d) male or female, (e) 15-19

years old, (f) experiencing difficulties in the ABM strand, (g) honor student or not, (h)

willing to participate in this empirical study. However, there were only 11 participants in

this investigation due to the fact that this phenomenological study is reliant to the

recommendation of Creswell (1999) in which it states that there are 5 - 25 participants in

a qualitative study. To be specific six for the in-depth interviews and five for the focus

group discussion. Additionally, qualitative samples are purposive, that is, selected by

virtue of their capacity to provide richly-textured information, relevant to the

phenomenon under investigation (Barnett et al, 2018). Appropriate sample size is a

suggestion by which it varies depending on the topic that will be pursued. It also varies

on the given time and materials, thus creating a certain capacity. Since this study is

quality-inclined, the attached information is the epicenter of this piece.

Aside from all of this, the research questions will serve as the guide for the

informants to be able to share and describe their experiences, coping mechanisms, and

insights of their own struggle of the ABM strand. Through this process, some facets of

the participants’ lives will never be discussed nor argued.

Data Collection

Data collection is the systematic approach to gathering and measuring information

from a variety of sources to get a complete and accurate picture of an area of interest

(Rouse, 2016). So, by the means of this, the researchers undergone a series of thorough

investigation through conducting an interview among the Grade 12 students who have

took ABM as their strand. The interviews were divided into two, which are: in-depth

interview and focus group discussion. The difference between both is that in-depth

interviews are likely to interview one-by-one while focus group discussion interviews a

particular group of people.

The interviewing process is the best way to collect data. Behind its process, the

researchers have decided with regards to its sample size. In this case, the in-depth

interview is composed of six Grade 12 male students while the focus group discussion is

composed of five Grade 12 female students. Thus, leaving with the total interviewees of

eleven, and their answers are the basis of attaching such prominent information and the

providing of numerous related literatures in the national and international scope.

Afterwards the collecting of data, the next step is the categorization of data. The

uttered answer of the participants will be transcribed and will undergo through a thorough

analyzation using thematic analysis. The goal of a thematic analysis is to identify themes,

i.e. patterns in the data that are important or interesting, and use these themes to address

the research or say something about an issue (Delahunt and Maguire, 2017). The purpose

of the thematic analysis is to analyze and classify different notion or answers to determine

and characterize a specific concept or generating themes.

Data Analysis

Data Analysis is the process of inspecting, rearranging, modifying and

transforming data to extract useful information from it (Chapman, 2018). Through the

process of data analyzation, it follows a systematic organization to make the description

very clear and understandable in the individuals’ perception. Data analysis also

emphasizes the most essential and important information. Additionally, data analysis in

qualitative research is defined as the process of systematically searching and arranging

the interview transcripts, observation notes, or other non-textual materials that the

researcher accumulates to increase the understanding of the phenomenon (Biklen and

Bogdan, 1997).

After the data is being collected and analyzed, the explanation and interpretation

of different phenomena or situation experienced by the participants will be put in to place

and it will be organized. Moreover, the approach created by Clarke and Braun (2006) will

be followed and used by familiarizing the data, generating initial codes, searching for

themes, reviewing themes, defining and naming themes, and producing the report about

the researchers’ investigation. The researchers used thematic analysis as a way of

analyzing the collected data. Thematic analysis is a way of categorizing the collected data

to establish essential themes and thematic statements. It suits in this piece since the

researchers have chosen a qualitative type of research.

Furthermore, these interviews involve unstructured and generally open-ended

questions that are few in number and intended to elicit views and opinions from the

participants (Creswell, 2014). The interviewing process will undergo through audio

recordings to record the respondents’ response. After the audio recording process, it will

be listened numerous times for the sake of getting the exact uttered words for
transcription and translation, and it will be translated into English verbatim. Likewise,

familiarization with the data internalizes through transcription and translation of the

interviews (Creswell, 1994). Then, the answers will be analyzed, grouped, and establish

numerous themes to make it more understandable and systematic.

Moreover, the representation of both main and collected data will be shown or

displayed through matrices and table charts. Data matrices can be used as a tool for

making qualitative data analysis more manageable (Holt and Thorpe, 2008). Also, tables

are an organiser for an investigation, a way of presenting data in a report, an organiser to

assist comprehension and thinking (Fisher et al, 2008). In this way, both tables and

matrices could pursue organization in the collection of data.

On the other hand, data reduction is also applied in analyzing the data to simplify

and revising such unnecessary information into useful and helpful ones so that the readers

could easily grasp the transcribed information. Data reduction refers to the process of

selecting, focusing, simplifying, abstracting, and transforming the data that appear in

written up field notes or transcriptions (Miles and Huberman, 1994).

Trustworthiness

Within this research piece, the establishment of validity, credibility, or rigorism is

a necessity to uphold effectiveness and accuracy. Thus, conformity towards righteous

standards is applied. Additionally, in qualitative research, trustworthiness has become an

important concept because it allows researchers to describe the virtues of qualitative

terms outside of the parameters that are typically applied in quantitative research (Given,

2008).
 To establish trustworthiness and credibility within the study, moral standards

between the researchers and informants must be purely exhibited to widen the

trustworthiness of this research piece. The researchers also exhibited accountability

towards the informants’ answers during the interview. The answers uttered by the

participants are meticulously analyzed and is put into justification. The importance of the

gathered data its themes are both checked and rechecked in terms of their transcription to

make such information clear and understandable to the readers.

Trustworthiness is the only way researchers can persuade themselves and readers

that their research findings are worthy of attention (Lincoln & Guba, 1985). In essence,

the emphasis of credibility or validity could make a difference for the readers’ attention

and allotted time due to the fact that reliability bears persuasion and fascination.

Furthermore, trustworthiness can be exhibited in every qualitative research

through ensuring the evidence of credibility, transferability, dependability, and

conformability, as what Lincoln and Guba (1985) have proposed. In this way, it will

make the research piece more trustworthy and inclined to moral standards.

Credibility is an evaluation of whether or not research findings represent a

“credible” conceptual interpretation of the data drawn from the participant’s original data

(Lincoln & Guba, 1985). To fully establish the concept of credibility, the researchers will

use three techniques.

First, credibility will be presented through illustrating truthfulness of the

experiences and fully grasp the given facts inclined to the phenomenon experienced by

the participants.
 Second, in devising or designing the research procedure, a focus group discussion

is conducted in which numerous thoughts and opinions are extracted about the study of

the struggle of Grade 11 and Grade 12 ABM students in Maryknoll College of Panabo,

Inc.

Third, the informants are directly asked about how the ABM students cope with

their struggles or difficulties in their own designated strand. In this way, the researchers

have the capability to deeply understand the given facts by the informants. Also, their

experiences, coping mechanisms, and insights regarding to their difficulties in the ABM

strand are captured and recorded.

Transferability refers to the degree to which the results of qualitative research

can be generalized or transferred to other contexts or settings (Trochim, 2006). By the

means of this, transferability means that the results and findings a particular research

project is applicable to other similar or dissimilar topic or situation.

To establish transferability, the researchers have put sources and citations in the

references or appendix portion of this research piece and have provided numerous

information regarding to the main problem of this piece. By this, the corresponding

context can be applied and deeply comprehended by the other researchers who have the

will to undertake their own research project.

Conformability refers to the objectivity, that is, the potential for congruence

between two or more independent people about the data’s accuracy, relevance, or

meaning (Elo et al, 2014). Conformability means that the qualitative researches must

correspond with the answers of the informants in order to proceed with the producing of

themes and classifying them. In that way, the response made by the participants are the
basis of pursuing the results and findings of the main problem of this piece, avoiding

research distortion and bias.

To establish conformability into this research piece, during the interviewing

process, the participants’ responses to the research questions will be recorded. In terms of

their identity, confidentiality is considered through giving each participant a pseudonym.

Also, their responses are saved into a particular contraption and will consider to relisten

their responses to accurately transcribe and translate it. After that, the transcribed

responses must be given back to the informants for authentication and signing a

verification form.

The researchers also reassured the documentation and interviewing process

inlined with the data collecting procedures for the reiteration and rechecking of the

collected data. Inspection of data collection and its analytic procedures is indeed

necessary to detect potential biases and distortion.

Dependability refers to the consistency and reliability of the research findings

and the degree to which research procedures are documented, allowing someone outside

the research to follow, audit, and critique the research process (Sandelowski 1986, Polit et

al. 2006, Streubert 2007). To add that point, it means that the quality and reliability of

such information—which are the collected data and the explanation of such phenomena

—from time to time is maintained despite of such conditions. Likewise, dependability

refers to the stability of data over time and under different conditions (Elo et al, 2014).
Ethical Considerations

In ensuring the students’ full protection and safety so that the researchers will not

break their trust, such ethical standards must be established. The consideration of ethics

in research, and in general business for that matter, is of growing importance (Polonski,

2004).
To constitute ethical considerations, the researchers followed the ethical principles

or steps created and suggested by Boyatzis (1998) in which the following are respect for

persons, justice, beneficence, confidentiality, and consent.

To establish respect for persons, the researchers informed the targeted school,

specifically in Maryknoll College of Panabo, Inc., ABM students or the participants, and

their designated advisers so that they will be aware of the purpose of conducting this

research. Also, the participants undergone a permitted interviewing session and their

responses are used for the findings of this study with their consent. The willingness of the

participants to answer are humbly respected for they have contributed enough to this

research conduct. This was done to emphasize respect for the participants involved in this

study. Respect for persons is the overriding universal principle, in that the other major

principles relate closely to it (Henry, 1996).

To establish justice, this principle requires that researchers are always fair to the

participants in their research and that the needs of research participants should always

come before the objectives of the study (Gelling, 2015). For its application, the

contributions of the involved participants are equally acknowledged and are part of the

success of this research piece because they are very important in this study. They are

given due credits because of their contribution to this study through answering with pure

honesty and willingness. Also, they were not able to spend any amount during the process
of interview. Instead, the researchers have provided snacks for the participants to make

them feel comfortable and ease their tension and pressure.

To establish beneficence, the researchers asked the participants in terms of their

schedules to settle in a convenient time and choice of place that they are comfortable with

to prepare themselves and freely express their emotions and answers in responding to the

research questions which are mainly about their experiences, coping mechanisms, and

insights in a form of an in-depth interview and focus group discussion. Beneficence is

defined as an act of charity, mercy, and kindness with a strong connotation of doing good

to others including moral obligation (Kinsinger, 2009). In this case, kindness and charity

are some of the keys to give benefit to the respondents.

To establish confidentiality, the researchers reassured that the real names of the

participants were concealed through naming them with pseudonyms. Also, their personal

information is kept in private. After using the data collected such as video tapes, recorded

transcripts, notes, and other materials that are part of this study, destroyed by the

researcher to ensure that there was no opportunity for people to be identified even though

names or code names are not used (Westhuizan, 1999).

To establish consent, a written and/or verbal permission or consent is presented to

the participants to make them aware and informed of the purpose of conducting this

research. After their approval, they are participating the in-depth interviews and focus

group discussions. Obtaining consent involves informing the subject about his or her

rights, the purpose of the study, procedures to be undertaken, potential risks and benefits

of participation, expected duration of study, extent of confidentiality of personal

identification and demographic data, so that the participation of subjects in the study is

entirely voluntary (Bhat et al, 2013).

Chapter 4
 Results

This chapter presents the experiences, coping mechanisms, and insights of thr

struggling Grade 12 Accounting, Business, and Management students collected from the

in-depth interview and focus group discussion. The following are the main questions in

this research piece:

1. What are the experiences encountered by the struggling ABM students in their

designated strand?

2. How do they cope with their struggle in taking ABM strand?

3. What are their insights about choosing the ABM strand?

This chapter is divided into three parts: Part 1 is the participants’ information

from which the collection of qualitative data is well-manifested. Correspondingly, part 2

is the exhibition of thematic analysis along with its details in terms of the categorization

of the emergent themes from the results made in the questions of the in-depth interview

(IDI) and focus group discussion (FGD) under each main research questions. Lastly, part

3 is the summarization of the participants’ responses.

Within this portion, it includes the themes that were surfaced through the

participants’ frank and straightforward responses with regards to their experiences,

coping mechanism, and insights in their designated strand. We gathered their congruities

which we finalized with the following themes.

TABLE 1: PROFILE OF INFORMANTS IN IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW

Participants Age Grade Level Sex Strand

Participant A 18 years old Grade 12 Male Accountancy,

 Business,
Management
Participant B 18 years old Grade 12 Male Accountancy,
Business,
Management
Participant C 18 years old Grade 12 Male Accountancy,
Business,
Management
Participant D 17 years old Grade 12 Male Accountancy,
Business,
Management
Participant E 18 years old Grade 12 Male Accountancy,
Business,
Management
Participant F 18 years old Grade 12 Male Accountancy,
Business,
Management

PARTICIPANTS

The participants were chosen as the respondents of our study who are the Grade

12 students under the strand of Accounting, Business, and Management in the school year

2019 – 2020 and were categorized within in-depth interview. They are the senior high

students within the school of Maryknoll College of Panabo, Inc., the main scope of our

study. Most of them are in their legal age and their biological sex is male.

By the use of purposive sampling, some are pinpointed and some have the will to

answer honestly with regards to the questions that the researchers sought to ask. They

have shared their unforgettable experiences in terms of their highs and lows, progressive

coping mechanisms, and realizations or insights within the Accounting, Business, and

Management (ABM) strand as Grade 12 students.

TABLE 2: PROFILE OF INFORMANTS IN FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION
Participants Age Grade Level Sex Strand
Participant G 18 years old Grade 12 Female Accountancy,
Business,
Management
Participant H 17 years old Grade 12 Female Accountancy,
Business,
Management
Participant I 18 years old Grade 12 Female Accountancy,
Business,
Management
Participant J 17 years old Grade 12 Female Accountancy,
Business,
Management
Participant K 18 years old Grade 12 Female Accountancy,
Business,
Management

PARTICIPANTS

The participants were chosen as the respondents, with the use of snowball

technique, of our study who are the Grade 12 students under the strand of Accounting,

Business, and Management in the school year 2019 – 2020 and were categorized within

focus group discussion. They were the same department as mentioned in the information

within table 1, but the difference is that within focus group discussion, all participants’

biological sex is female.

The second step is to present such data in an organized way with the use of

categorization using essential themes in tables 3, 4, and 5. The essential information that

emerged from the transcripts and comments were identified as thematic statements. They

were systematically organized to come up with such essential themes.

Research Question No. 1: What are the experiences encountered by the struggling
ABM students in their designated strand?

Vague Education

One of the experiences that the Grade 12 ABM students have experienced is the

vagueness of the teaching style of their teachers, especially to their specialized subject

teachers. By this, it is the cause of their struggle within their own strand. As it is the

response of the most interviewees, it is considered as one of their major problems within

their strand, leaving frustrations, perplexities, and disappointment within their realm.

Participant G mentioned that:

“… dili gud sa amoang gina-discriminate among teacher pero

dili namo siya ma gets dayon unya bale kami mag
lisod pud mig apply sa atong sarili.” (Archive####P7)

(...Currently, in our experience, it is not in discriminating our

teacher but we cannot understand it and we are having
troubles in applying it into ourselves.)

Participant H shared that:

“About pud sa pagtudlo is kanang murag dako pud siya ug

kanang impact sa amoa kay major gud namo siya so kailangan
jud namo kanang naa mi ano na knowledge and then usahay
kay kanang malibog mi ana and then usahay kay amo ang
mga ginalibog is dili siya… dili siya tarong ma… sa… dili
siya ma… dili sya ma… unsa na oy… matarong ug explain sa
amoa” (Archive####P8)

(About teaching, it has a big impact towards us because it is

our major subject, so it is a requirement to have knowledge.
Sometimes, we were perplexed. Behind our felt perplexity, the
topics are vaguely taught.)
Participant I also mentioned that:

“So… murag naingon naman nilang tanan pero as an ABM

student, struggling ABM student, kailangan namog teacher na
kanang kabalo gud mutudlo dili lang kay kanang murag para sa
iya kasabot siya dapat kanang iya pung i-kanang mag murag
muhatag siyag opinion sa amoa if makasabot ba jud mi…”
(Archive####P9)

(I think that they have said it all, but as an ABM student, a

struggling ABM student, we really need a teacher who is very
effective in educating us, not just only in having a clear
understanding in a certain topic, but disseminating opinions to
fully know if we understand the topic or not.)

Participant J confidently shared that:

“naga struggle man jud ta and having incompetent teachers or

kanang… kanang normal gud na problem sa students kanang…
kanang teachers na dili kaayo tarong siguro mutudlo…”
(Archive####P10)

(All of us all have experienced struggles and encountered

incompetent teachers, or perhaps some normal problems that
we have experienced as a student. Maybe it is the teachers
that won't teach their students properly…)

Compliance to Academic Tasks and Conditions

Another experience that the struggling Grade 12 ABM students have encountered

is their compliance towards academic tasks even if they are struggling. They often do

work in their given projects and tasks and attain learning in any angles within their

academic life because it is solely necessary for the sake of their own grades. Sometimes,

they find it difficult in complying with such academic conditions and sometimes, they

found it enjoyable.
Participant H stated that:

“Akoang maexperience is kanang kailangan… ano…

kanang… analyzing jud ug kanang kailangan jud nimo
siya i-analyze jud ug comprehend ang kanang
murag kanang mga transactions anaana para masabtan jud
nimo.” (Archive####P8)

(My experience is usually inclined to possessing

analyzation in any aspect. You really need to analyze
and comprehend such things like transactions so that
you could understand it.)

Participant B uttered that:

“Kuan kanang maka experience gani ka ug kanang mga

lisud na subject kapag ang teacher na gani unya ma
handle sa among specialized teacher, kay kailangan
man kuan dili jud ka mag speak jud ka in vernacular.”
(Archive####P2)

(You will experience difficult subjects, like, we should

not speak in vernacular language when we are handled by
our specialized subject teacher.)

Participant D shared that:

“Sa karon sa amoa kay tulo among specialized sa second

sem fun… Fundamentals of ABM 2, Business Finance,
ug Business Ethics. Mao nana among gina kuan sa karon
second sem... Oo, kay para ma train daw ang purpose
man daw sa K to 12 kay iprepare ta sa I prepare ta
satoang college life..." (Archive####P4) (In our batch,
we have three specialized subjects in our second
semester, which are: Fundamentals of ABM 2, Business
Finance, and Business Ethics. Also, we are trained
through the K-12 system in which its purpose is for us to
be prepared for our college life.)

Participant J mentioned that:

 “Kanang naa man guy mga times na diba na kanang kay
kanang mga project gud na kanang ang buhat kay magpatukod
mo ug business or kanang mag solve solve mo ug problem
pero lingaw man pud siya.” (Archive####P10)

(Also, there are times that we have a project about building

a business or solving some problems, and it is indeed
enjoyable.)

Participant F also stated that:

“So na experience nako sa kini nga strand is is… how to

manage your business to how to uhhmmm…. Unsaon
pag kanang pag… Pag… pag pangita nga nindot nga
decision kay sa ABM man gud is more on business man
gud sya so kailangan nimo sya mag manage ug usa ka
business ug… ug unsaon pag kanang pag buhat ug usa ka
business…” (Archive####P6)

(Managing a business and finding a good decision are the

things that I usually experience within this strand
because in ABM, it is more inclined on business, so you
need to know how to manage a business and how to build
a business…)

Academic Challenge

The respondents shared their experiences with regards to their challenges within

academic life. Behind every problem that they have faced, they are attaining

determination, perseverance, and commitment despite of all the difficulties they have

experienced. Through this, they only depend on their selves to survive their Senior High

life.

Participant B uttered that:

 “Kuan kanang like machallenge ka kay kanang uban
teacher kay tag-as kaayog mga standards gani kanang
kailangan kani, mao jud ni, kani dapat karun jud ni, ugma
jud ni dapat ipasa, para gusti ka mo pasar imo jud mao jud
ni imong buhaton ma challenge jud ka sa ilaha labaw na ug
imong mga classmates kay mga competetive kaayo ma
apil sad ka or ma influence ka saila na maging competitive
pud.” (Archive####P2)

(There are so many challenges that I've encountered, just

like being pressured especially the high standards of the
teachers when they give such tasks. For you to be able to
get passing grades, you must do what they ask you to do.
Especially when your classmates are very competitive,
then, you will compete too because you are influenced
by them.)

Participant H also mentioned that:

“Sa akoa siguro uhm... Business man jud so murag sa akoa is

kanang maulaw jud ko mo kanang mo atubang ug mga tao so sa
akoa is comminication skills, kay kuntahay kay as a business
woman or man kay kuan kanang kailangan jud nimo mo... Unsa
na mo… Halobilo ug mga tao so kailangan nimo ug
communication skilss so pareha sa akoa kay kanang naga study
pako kay murag mao ni akoang challenge na dapat e cope up
nako uhm... Kanang murag confident gud ug unsain pag
atubang sa mga tao para pagka near future murag maka dili pod
sa ingon na hawd pero para makabalo lang, ana lang.”
(Archive####P8)

(ABM is business-related, and it is hard for me because I

am shy when it comes to communicating with people.
Communication skill is indeed a challenge for me. For
example, if you were a businesswoman or businessman,
you need to effectively communicate with others and that is
why you really need a good communication skill. This is
why I am studying as of now to cope with that challenge
within me to improve my confidence when it comes to
engaging with people in the near future.)

Participant I confidently stated that:

 “So, uhm... akong challenge within ABM strand kay… kuan…
kanang challenge nako sa akoang sarili na kanang mag study
bitaw ug tarong knang pag dili lang kay mag study kay pag sa
exam… mao to basta mag study lang jud ug tarong para dili na
mag sige ug panundog. You know! Kanang dili jud sya
maiwasan ha mao to… ang fact is biskang honor student is naa
juy manundog so mao to mag study lang ta ug ato.”
(Archive####P9)

(My challenges within the strand ABM is that, I have challenged

myself to study hard not just because the examination day is
coming but I can still study even in an ordinary day. As I have
said, just study so that you would not cheat and you won't ask for
answers but we all know that we cannot avoid that kind of
doings and in fact, even if you are an honor student, still, there
are some who will ask for answers.)

Participant K also stated that:

“Kuan kanang… ang challenges kay parehas anang sa mag kuan mi

ug income statement so dapat jud kanang e analyze kay naa man
gud nay uban kuan naay uban mga transaction na wala na diay
labot ge char-charan lang diay mi…hahaha… char-charan lang diay
mi sa amoang adviser… ay sa amoang kuan sa amoang specialized
teacher nga ing ana apil saw to unya wala diay so dapat jud diay
ing-ana apil daw to unya wala diay si dapat jud diay na e analyze
jud ug tarong aron makuha ang net income.” (Archive####P11)

(The challenge is that we will solve an income statement, so it

must be analyzed well because there are some transactions that are
not included in solving but are included in the questions.
It is like our teachers are trying to pressure and perplex us.
So, you must analyze it well to get the net income as what our specialized
teacher have said.)

Participant C confidently mentioned that:

“As an ABM jud, ahh… ABM students is isa jud sa akung mga
challenges, labaw na sa Grade 11, kay katung math namo kay
ako dili man jud ko, personally dili jud ko hawud ug math di..
lisud jud kaayo siya kay as ABM students so kaylangan jud nimo
mag deals ug numbers, solving , mga equation, nya ako kay dili
man jud ko hanas diraa so... na challenge jud ko ana, so as an
 ABM student na challenge pud ko, sa akoang... social speaking,
kanang mag report kanang mag storya sa atubangan, kay dili pud
kay ko hawud ana kanang nay times nga makulbaan , nay times
nga maratul…ing ana kanang lisud jud kaayo, ma challenge jud
kaayo na saakoa dali rajud ko makulbaan, ulawun pud kaayo ko.”
(Archive####P3)

(As an ABM student, one of my challenges, especially in Grade 11,

is our Math subject. Personally, I am not good in Math. It is difficult
for me as an ABM student, so you need to deal with numbers and
solving equations. It is very challenging for me since I am not good
at it, and as an ABM student, social speaking is so challenging when
it comes to reporting. There are times that I feel nervous when I am
in front of others and sometimes, I get panic and it is hard for me, so
it is very challenging because I am timid and get easily nervous.)

Furthermore, Participant D stated that:

“Sa akoa kay ang mga deadline kay… kay usahay ma late na nakog
buhat ang mga..mga projects mgaaaa assignments kay daghan lagi
ang.. usahay mag sabay sabay mana sila tanan nya mag lisod nag...
maglisod ko ug bu-buhat ug sabay ato tanan mao ng deadline jud
ang pinaka kuan jud. Sa pag speak guro ug english kay sa pag
solving kay gamay nalang man gamay gamay nalang gud ang
solving pero lisod! Lisod sya pero ug paningkamotan nimo makaya
man ug hawd lang ka ug pagsabot nimo sa mga problems.”
(Archive####P4)

(For me, it is the deadlines because there are times that I am late
in doing my projects and assignment due to the fact there are so
many academic workloads. It is difficult for me to do such tasks
at one time, that is why the deadline is one my hardships.

Additionally, speaking English and problem solving is hard for me.

It is challenging but if you are determined enough, then you can do
it.)

Moreover, Participant E stated that:

“Daw... uhm so kaning abm kaning dako kaayo ni sya nga

kaning ay uh kaning big challenge kaning sa.. sa abm strand kay
kaning kani nga strand kay…. Kuan kay kaning unsa ni kaning…
 kaning kaning.. unsa gani to uy kini sa akoa para sa akoa kinging
specialized ay specialize kaning abm kaning.. challenges kay sya
kay kaning.. psti mani…kaning unsa ni uy like kanang kuan
kanang mag buhat ug kanang research kanaang.. kanaaang.
Diba specialized ta- ay abm business gyud kaning.. kaning usahay…
Sa among specialized kaning usahay kaning.. stiii hehe.. like kanang
mag kuan kanang mag solve ka kanang usahay kanang unsaon pag
gunit sa kaning ay kaning unsaon pag manage sa business and…
unsaon uuh kaning dapat buhaton para kaning success ka sa mga, sa
imong mga kuan .. success ka sa imong life.” (Archive####P5)

(The ABM strand is a big challenge. For me, the ABM strand, it
is very challenging especially when it comes to our specialized
subject, when we solve problems on how to handle or manage the
business and what to do with your business in order for you to be
successful in life.)

Participant F uttered that:

“So challenges nako sa ABM sa akong strand is daghan jud sya pero
mas main jud nako is kanang…. Kanang,…. More on sa solving jud
sya and sa mga topic gamay kay daghan man gud na dili kayo nako
kanang ma kanang dili pamilyar sa akoa nga words ug dili kanang
dili pa kaayo nako kaya ang mga solving.” (Archive####P6)

(My challenges within ABM, my strand, are too many to mention,

but my main challenge is that this strand is more on solving and
the topics are not that broad because there are words that are not
familiar to me and I am not that good in solving.) TABLE 3:
EXPERIENCES ENCOUNTERED BY THE STRUGGLING
ABM

STUDENTS IN THEIR DESIGNATED STRAND

ESSENTIAL THEMES THEMATIC STATEMENT

VAGUE EDUCATION  Their teachers’ vague teaching

skills affected their academic
standing which left them wrapped
in perplexity.
 She said that knowledge is the basis
of one’s understanding and
comprehension.
  She uttered that the teaching skills
of their teachers are not that
effective and proper.
 When she said that their teachers are
incompetent.
 They have troubles in applying the
uttered topic to themselves.
COMPLIANCE TO ACADEMIC  When she said that she usually uses
TASKS AND CONDITIONS her analytical skills for the sake of
her own survival in academics.
 He said that the use of English
language is more acceptable than
uttering vernacular language.
 When he said that we are trained to
be equipped in college by
conforming to the necessities
 She deemed such projects as
enjoyable by which her strand is
usually in managing and solving
problems.
 They are molded to be as competent
ABM students by being trained
such ABM-inclined activites.
ACADEMIC CHALLENGES  They are pressured by their teachers’
high standards.
 When he said that his classmates are
competitive and he is influenced
by it.

 When she said that she lacks in

communication skills due to her
timidity.
 She challenges herself to study
everyday to avoid cheating during
exams and how she said that
cheating is inevitable for honor or
non-honor students.
 When she said that analyzation is
the key to pass the specialized
subjects.
  When he said that he is not good in
Mathematics and English and lacks
in analytical skills.
 He said that the deadlines of their
projects and assignments what
made them pressured and nervous.
 He said that the specialized subjects
what made them challenged.
 He said that the topics are not that
broad.
The following are the themes emerged by the statements of the participants as

they respond the research question no. 2: “How do they cope with their struggle in taking

ABM strand?”

Teachers’ Impact

Almost of the participants shared their struggles in terms of the assigned teachers

to them. Most of the participants have uttered that their specialized subject teachers teach

wearily and vaguely in which it affects their overall academic standing. Moreover,

instead of exerting their utmost efforts to achieve their desires, their teachers still persist

their high standards towards them, giving such low grades. Behind the theme itself, it is

the introductory phase of the problem. It serves as a starting point towards determining

the main predicament and move directly towards the students’ coping mechanisms.

Participant G stated that:

“So ako kay akong concern sa among strand is unta

kanang teacher jud, teacher jud ang concern nako kay
kay saiya man gud bali kumbaga sya ang basis siya ang
nagpadala ng kanang unsa pasabton sa amoa ng unsa
gyud juy dapat na tun-an namo, mao lang to akong
concern sa akoang strand.” (Archive####P7)
 (For me, my concern in our strand is the teacher
because the teacher is the basis of knowledge. A
teacher is the one to who is obliged to explain
those lessons, and that is my only concern.)

Participant H uttered that:

“Sa akoa pod same lang sa iyaha, teacher jud kay

base sa ano kanang walay teacher wala baya juy mag
tudlo so ug wala sila, murag lack pod mi ug kanang
knowledge ing-ana gud so murag ma lisodan pod mi
pag labaw na sa amla na Grade 12 mi labaw na kapag
mag next is mag college nami so lisod na jud kaayo
so mao na to.” (Archive####P8)

(Mine was same as what she has said, but if there is no

teacher, we would lack in knowledge because there is
no one who will teach us. I have imagined, what if we
will move to college? So, it is very hard also for us as
Grade 12 students if that particular exhibition would
exist in our college life.)

Participant B mentioned that:

“Kanang... Kanang kuan... Uhm kanang... Kanang

parehas anang teacher namo, ay o kana kanang uban
teachers kay kanang bisag unsaon nimo ug
pagpaningkamot na maging better gani unya murag
kanang kulang gihapon para sa ilaha ba, mao na nga
gi buhat na nimo imong best pero kanang dili pa
nila ma appreciate.” (Archive####P2)

(Just like our teachers, when we do better, all of our

efforts and improvement are not easily appreciated
enough or not that enough for them.)

Participant C uttered that:

“Ang concern... isa saakong mga concern sa... sakung strand

kay ang teachers jud ..ang teachers jud nako.. Especially
karun sa grade 12 kay naa juy ubang teachers nga gamay
kaayo maghatag ug grado, bisag unsaun nimo pag
paningkamut abi nimog enough na imuhang effort kay abi
 nimog enough na tanan imung gibuhat, pero.. para sa ilaha
kay dili pa diay, maong matingala nalang ka nga ing ana diay
ka gamay imong grado, mao nang ,isa jud na… mao-mao jud
na ang pinaka concern nako ang mga teachers, tapos dili pud
kaayo sila mutudlo, na libug mi sa ilaha, labaw natu
amuang... ang... specialized na teacher kay igo ra niya
basahon, lisud jud kaayo, labaw nag dili niya I explain... ang
iyahang mga lesson, lisod jud kaayo.” (Archive####P3)

(One of my concerns in our strand is our teachers,

especially in our Grade 12 days because there are a lot of
teachers who give us low grades. Even if you do all your
best and exert much effort, but in their perception, it is not
enough. So, it is very questionable why our grades are too
low, and that is one of my concerns. Also, it is very hard
especially when they did not explain well their lessons.)

Participant D answered that:

“Ah sa karon kay kanang murag maglisod lang man kay sa

mga teachers ug sa ilahang teaching skills nila, pag dili jud
hawd ang inyong teacher mo tudlo jud murag kamo nalang
mismo jud ang maningkamot para maka tuon mo ana. Dili
kay ug dili ka maminaw sa ilaha kay useless gihapon ilang
pag tudlo ug dilipudka maningkamot sa imohang sarili kay
wala man jud kay ma learn. Mao lang man siguro.”
(Archive####P4)

(As of now I experienced hardship with our teachers and with

their teaching skills. It resulted to self-studying in able for you
to learn when your teachers do not have a good teaching skill.
Their teaching is also useless if you do not listen on them and I
think that’s all.)

Participant F responded that:

“So ang concern nako is more on sa kuan jud sa teacher sa

ABM kay naa man guy usahay na kanang biskan unsaon
nimog paningkamot ana unya gagmay kayo sya muhatag ug
grado and then concern pud nako sa kanang teacher kay nay
uban na dili nila ma explain kaayo ang among topic ang… ang
amoang strand amoang lagi amoang subject or among
specialized.” (Archive####P6)
 (So, my concern is more on the teacher within ABM
because there are times that no matter how you strive hard,
you still get lower grades. Moreover, there are some topics
that are not that explained well within our specialized
subjects.)

Self-reliance

In terms of the participants’ coping mechanisms, they seem to possess the value

of self-reliance amidst of the difficulties they have experienced. Through being

selfreliant, self-acquisition of knowledge and complying to such academic workloads is

wellmanifested, as stated by the participants. In this case, they only got themselves for the

sake of their own academic survival.

Participant G answered that:

“Uhm... Para sa ako, kay next time like sa kato

akoang gi ingon ug sa ilang gi ingon, mag ano jud ka
mag self-study kung wala man ka kasabot or dili ka
mangayo ug tabang sa imohang mga friends or
kanang sila is maglisod pud ug sabot, ikaw mismo sa
imong self mag depende man gud, tanan jud sa
estudyante jud, sa student ra jud na mag depende
tanan so ikaw, as a student, mag tarong lang jud ka
ug skwela para maka... Maka graduate ka ug maka
kuha ka sa imong mga gusto. Ana. (Archive####P7)

(For me, just like what we have said, you really need
to self-study if you did not understand the topic.
You should not get help to your friends because they
are also struggling in understanding the topic. You
are the one who depends on yourself. It all depends
on the student. So, you should study hard so that you
will graduate and achieve what you wanted, like
that.)

Participant H uttered that:

 “Uhm... Same ra pud sa iyaha mao ra jud mag study
lang jud ug ano kay pareha sa amo, murag na sanay na
man pud gud mi na self-study lang , ana-ana kay
maskin pa ug mag discuss kay murag ahh... Mao ra
gihapon mag self-study man gihapon mi kay daghan pa
kaayog PPT unya exam na pagka ano tapos dili ma
human gud. Si mao naga ano mi na e self-study lang
jud namo and then mao ra to.” (Archive####P8)

(Same with her, always study hard. Just like us, we are
adapting in self-studying because even though the
teacher discusses, it is just the same because there are a
lot of PPTs and when our exam arrives, we won't be
able to finish it. That is why we always do self-study
that's all.)

Participant I mentioned that:

“Kuan, kanang... Ang makatabang lang man jud sa

imohang sirili is kanang ikaw lang jud gud so pero
kailangan nimo ug help sa uban, pina ka una jud
ang teacher…” (Archive####P9)

(The one who will help you is just yourself. But also, if
you cannot handle it well, you can ask for help to
someone like your teacher…)

Participant C stated that:

“Ahhmm... ang na… observahan nako sa akong mga

difficulties is kanang mag adjust sa... being a... sa una
kay being regular student lang ahh junior high school nya
karun kay mag adjust... sa imung responsibilities as
senior high school and as an ABM student…”
(Archive####P3)

(I observed that you need to adjust being a regular

student in Junior High school but now, you need to
adjust your responsibilities as a Senior High student
and as an ABM student.)

Furthermore, Participant D also stated that:

 “Uhm kanang maningkamot nalang kuntahay kanang sa
teachers, kanang dili kay sila hawd mo tudlo nya
maningkamot nalang kag imoha para naa kay ma learn
ana nga subjects.” (Archive####P4)

(Striving hard. For example, the teachers, they are not

good in teaching, so you need to strive hard for yourself so
that you will learn the lessons from the subjects.)

Participant E answered that:

“Kaning kuan kaning unsa mani uy ahahaha uhm kaning

unsa ni kaning sa kuan kaning abm student uhm kaning…
mani siya uy... unsa kaning unsa kaning uuuy ka-ay… Dapat
kaning …unsa ba kaning ..ah kaning kuan kani uhm kaning
para mas kuan kaning uh unsa ni para malampasan nako ang
mga difficulties sa kuan sa abm strand as kaning unsa ni
kaning kuan lang jud skwela jud ug tarong and maminaw ug
tinabangay.” (Archive####P5)

(For me, in order to surpass the difficulties within ABM

strand, I might just study hard, listen, and value the spirit
of teamwork.)

Participant F also uttered that:

“So sa …sa na observe nako sa akoang mga challenges or

difficult sa ako, being a ABM student is…. I lisod jud sya kay
labi nag kanang… kanang usahay ikaw ra ang mag… ikaw ra
ang mag…ikaw ra ang kanang mag… mag… Ikaw ra ang
kanang mag…. Ikaw ra ang maningkamot sa imong
kaugalingon ikaw ra ang kanang… kanang example kanang…
kanang mag report, individual so ikaw ra ang maningkamot sa
imong sarili ikaw ra ang kanang mag risk ug time nga
maningkamot para ma… ma achieve nimo ang reports and…
and life.” (Archive####P6)

(As what I have observed on my challenges or difficulties that I

have experiences, being an ABM student is hard especially there
are times that only you, yourself is the one who will strive hard
for. For example, reporting individually, so only you are the one
 who strives hard and take risk in time to achieve your reports
and especially, life.)

Devotion of Endeavors

Some of the participants have shared their way of coping with such problems in

terms of academic difficulties. The acquisition of self-understanding and self-solving is

enacted by the struggling Grade 12 ABM students to reach their goals and objectives.

Participant G stated that:

“Uhhmmm akoa kay ano.. like sa katong gitudlo sa akoang

isa ka teacher, dapat mangita sa kag way kanang positive
way nga ma solve nimo ang isa ka problem ana to sa among
specialized teacher nga dili sa ka-kaga-kaka kaparehas atong
iyang gi ingon nga mo ingon ug stress. Dili na sya word lang
nga stress kanang naa pana syay lalom nga kanang pasabot.
Dili kay mo ingon kag kanang lisod lang ka, stress naka.
dapat mangita kag kanang possible solution sa isa ka
problema para dili maingnan nga “ay kani stress nako kay
kanang ana daghan kaayo kog buhatunon ana ana dapat
mangita kag kanang.. kanang way na katong

nga katong problema nga imong gi kuan masolve nimo.” (Archive####P7)

(For me, like what our teacher have said to us, we must find
a positive way to solve our problems, then one of our
teachers said that if you will say stress, it is not just the word
“stress”, but it has a deeper meaning behind it. It is not
about you are struggling, you can easily say that you are
stressed out. Well, you will just find some possible solutions
in that problem so that you cannot say like: "this is why I'm
stress", "I have a lot of things to do". So, you must find
some way to solve those problems and with that, you can
solve it.)

Participant H also stated that:

 “Para sa akoa kay siguro kuan murag kana sya nga problem is
iingon ay ano nalang sa imoha positive nalang gud na way
murag ah kani naglisod ko ani para man pud ni sakong future
ana karon naglisod ko kay kanang matabangan mata- ay kabalo
judko na ma-makatabang jud ni sa akoa pag abot nako sa
college, pag abot nako sa kanang future na nako ana ana so
murag e ano nana positive way dili na sya negative kay murag
kung I negative man gud nimo is ma depress ka ana ana mag-
ma stress kag samot so murag daghan na kaayog mga, mga uban
na mga subject na ganahan nimo unya maapektohan sya. So e
ano lang nimo na positive way lang jud.” (Archive####P8)

(For me, maybe that I can make this problem in a positive

way like I am struggling in this part but then I realized that it
is for my future. I know that this would help me when I
reach college. So, I do not perceive this as negative because
I know it would cause depressions and stress, and it would
affect your academic subjects. Even if there is a lot of
negativities but I handle it in a positive way.)

Participant J mentioned that:

“No kanang to mao... to generate a solution, akoa kay

kanang to heheheh kanang mag e assess lang siguro ang
situation kanang sabton nimo kung unsa juy kanang
problem diria and then from there kanang mag create kag
ah ways or kanang mga possible options nimo in solving
the specific problem. And then if mag decide ka kung
asa ato nga options ang kanang best for you. Para sa
akoa man gud kay pag naa koy kanang kinahanglan
decide-dan kanang mag lay kanang mag mag han-ay jud
ko or kanang sakong huna huna mag han-ay kog kanang
mga possible solutions pud na pwede nako buhaton and
then iiihh…. Ihhh… huna hunaon nimo kung unsay mga
probable consequences pud ato nila and then from there
then mami- pilion dayon nimo kung asa ang best ato sa
ilaha.” (Archive####P10)

(To generate a solution, perhaps for me is you need to

assess the situation or understand the problem deeply.
From there, you will just create some ways or possible
options in solving that specific problem. You will be going
to decide if what would be better for you from those
options. Literally for me, whenever I need to decide, I will
 think and organize some possible solutions that would fit
onto the situation and know its probable outcomes or
consequences that I might face, and then I must choose the
best of those choices.)

Participant D uttered that:

“Mao to mag kuan nalang mag… maningkamot nalang kag imoha

mag study ka mag advance kag research about sa mga...
mga… topics ninyo nya mag scan ka daan sa imong mga
libro nga ipanghatag. Kay ug memorize-son lang nimo...
unya dili nimo sabton kay wala kay matun an ana kay... ug...
memorize lang nimo ug unsa lang to imong na memorize
mao lang man imong maingon pero pag masabtan jud nimo
sya ug maayo kay... kanang mas... ma ko ma kuan man jud
nimo sya madala man jud nimo sya hantod sa pag college
hantod sa pag trabaho kay matun an naman to nimo… sa
akoa kay mag advance study lang jud.” (Archive####P4)

(Study in advance, research about the topics, and scan the

books that are given to you. If you only settle in memorization
without analyzing it, it is useless because all you can say is the
objectivity of the context that you have memorized. It is better
to understand it all because you can apply that when you go to
college until you get a job. Advance studying is all I can say
to you.)

Participant F also mentioned that:

“So sa….sa being ABM student is kailangan jud ka kanang

maningkamot kay para para ang isa ka topic or imong strand is ma
achieve nimo ma successful ka kay pag abot sa future pag abot
man gud sa future pag human nimog skwela is magamit man gud
nimo na ug ma handle nimo na… ma handle nimo na sa imong
sarili labi nag mag tayo kag usa ka business so kailangan jud ka
maningkamot ug mag study hard.” (Archive####P6)

(In being an ABM student, you really need to strive hard so that
you can achieve your desires in the near future after you finish
school. You can use it and you can handle that within yourself
especially in building a business. Also, you need to strive hard and
study hard.)
TABLE 4: COPING MECHANISMS OF GRADE 12 STUDENTS WHO ARE
TAKING THE ABM STRAND
ESSENTIAL THEMES
TEACHERS’ IMPACT
SELF-RELIANCE
DEVOTION OF ENDEAVORS
THEMATIC STATEMENTS
 When she said that their teachers
are not that teaching effectively and
is certainly the basis of knowledge.
 When she said that their teachers’
teaching style would affect their
standing in their college life.
 When he uttered that their teachers
have high standards, are not that
appreciative, and gave them low
grades despite of the exerted efforts.
 The basis of their hardship is their
teachers’ educating style towards
them.
 Their own self is their only hope of
depending in such things to survive
in their Senior High life
 When she said that self-studying or
self-educating is the key to survive
and grow as a student.
 Their motive of studying hard for
the sake of their own academic
standing.
 When he said that they are adjusting
their responsibilities in their Senior
High years.
 When he said that he will strive
hard by listening to the teachers,
advance study, and value the spirit
of teamwork.
 Taking risk is one of the ingredients
of aiming their desires.
 When she said that she has a
positive outlook in solving her
problems academic-wise.
  When she said that assessing and
understanding problems deeply
would make them grow as a person
and as aa student.
 Organization of possible solutions
that would fit in a problematic
situation.
 When he said that he studies in
advance, relying in researching
such facts, and scanning some
books.
 When memorization is useless if
there is no analyzation.
 When he said that striving hard is
the progress of achieving one’s
dreams.
The following are the themes emerged by the statements of the participants as

they respond the research question no. 3: “What are their insights about choosing the

ABM strand?"
Accompaniment of Religious Beliefs

Most of the participants have shared their religious beliefs in terms of

experiencing certain predicaments within their academic life. Since they are molded with

moral standards, they often accompany their situations with religious beliefs.

Participant G stated that:

“Tapos kanang… isa pud... isa pud nga kanang

akong maingon is pray lang jud, pray kay sa tanan
tanan si God lang jud ang makabang sa atoa.”
(Archive####P7)

(Also, what I can say is that you must always pray because
all in all, God is the one who helps you.)

Participant H mentioned that:

 “Akoa pud is ano lang pray to God, study hard and kang e
enjoy lang ang imohang ano kay we… ana pa sila we only
live once daw charot hehe pero kailangan jud I enjoy nimo
kay pagka near kay kay pagka college survival naman jud
daw ana ana so habang karon pa lang e enjoy nimo kay
kung e enjoy nimo sya is so ma daghan kag mga ma learn
na ing ana then pray kay God and then study hard.”
(Archive####P8)

(Also, for me, just pray to God. Study hard and enjoy your life
because they always say that we only live once. You need to
enjoy yourself because in the future or when we go to college,
some uttered that it is for our survival. That is why we need to
enjoy it because if you enjoy yourself, you will learn a lot.
Also, pray to God and study hard.)

Participant F also stated that:

“…kanang mga challenges mga struggles sa ilang life is himuon

nila nang kanang… kanang.. kanang inspirasyon and mag mag
ampo lang gyud sa ginoo na ma achieve nila ang ilang goals
and dreams.” (Archive####P6)

(Those challenges and struggles in life can be used as

their inspiration, and always pray to God that they
have the capacity to achieve their goals and dreams.)

Participant C proudly mentioned that:

“kung makulbaan ka, mas makulbaan na sila para sa

imoha, so just be your self do your best and God will
do the rest.” (Archive####P3)

(When you feel nervous, they also feel nervous for

you, so just be yourself, do your best and God will
do the rest.)
Desiring to Objectivity

One of the many reasons why students comply to such academic work is their

ambition or aim. Many of the respondents claim that they need to strive hard and solve

their academic problems due to the fact that they have a vision in which they need to

attain it for their future. Because of this, they have the desire to reach their objectivity and

packed it in a single goal.

Participant G stated that:

`“Akong realization is… kanang… na realize nko

nga… kanang… ayy honestly dli jud nko.. choice
nga mag ABM, pero kaya man nako so na realize
nko nga na ayy dili lang diay kanang…kanang
kani akoang kaya, na realize nako nga naa pa diay
koy lain, kanang… skill nga kanang magamit, na
ma apply nko sa kani nga strand ana.”
(Archive####P7)
(My realization is that, honestly, the ABM
strand was not really my choice, but I seem to
have the capability. So, I realized that it is not
just in my capacity, but there is something
within me, specifically my own useful skills that
I apply in this strand.)

Participant K mentioned that:

“Kuan kanang realization nako kay syempre kung mag

kuan tag ABM kay dapat kabalo najud ka sa imuhang
kuan sa imuhang goal… nga ing ana kay lisud man gud
pag untahay nagsulod kag ABM nga strand tapos
pagka college kay mag engineering diay ka tapos
kanang ing ana gud …kanang lisud gud kayo siya..naa
koy kaila nga senior high.. senior high school siya niya
kay nag GAS tapos pagka college niya kay nag
accountant siya, so lisud jud kayo kay pati man lang
debit, credit kay wala siya kabalo unsa nga mga
definition ana so lisud jud kayo so dapat… kanang…
pag human jud nimo ug high school..kanang kabalo
najud ka unsa imung kuanan..tapos unsa imung sudlan
 nga strand tapos kung… paminaw nimo sa imung sarili
nga kaya nimo so dapat kayanun jud nimo kay nakaya
man gani sa uban nga nahimo silag CPA how much lang
kaya nga ikaw para sa imung sarili kaya jud nmo.”
(Archive####P11)

(My realization is that if you choose ABM as your strand,

you already know your goals. It is very hard especially, for
instance, you chose ABM as your strand but you chose
Engineering as your college course. That particular is
indeed hard because I know a Senior High student whose
chosen strand is GAS but chose Accountancy as his college
course. So, it is very hard especially when you learn the
basic debit and credit topic because of not knowing its
definition and application in Senior High. If you graduated
in High School, you need to assess yourself and know your
Senior High strand. If you are aware that you are capable,
then prove your capacity since there are a lot of people have
proved their capability by achieving the CPA (Certified
Public Accountant) title. What more if you have the
capability to do such things all by yourself.)

Participant C uttered that:

“Ahhmm mao tu… of one of my realization as ah, pagpili

nako sa ABM strand is feel jud nako na belong jud ko
diri... ahhmm... as an ABM student is na develop pa pud
nako akung pagka business-minded daghan pud kug na
tun-an, and naka realize pud ko nga para jud diay ko sa
business, daghan kaayo kug na tun an, unya daghan
kaayo kug na kuan ani nga strand because some of my
hobbies or ahh... ganahan kay naa diri ., na belong diri na
strand and gusto ko mag grow, gusto pako daghan matun
an diri na strand and bago ko mag graduate ug college...
ayy muadto ug college is gusto nako nga daghan nako ma
hibaw-an as an ABM student.” (Archive####P3)

(One of my realizations is that when I chose ABM

strand, I feel that I belong here. As an ABM student, I
have developed my business-minded attribute. I have
learned so much because of my hobbies. Also, I want
to grow and learn more about this strand, before I
graduate or go to college.)
Participant D confidently answered that:

“Bisag lisod sya pero… bisag lisod sya daghan man pud
kog opportunities ang kuan sa in line sa business nga world
kay.. sa karon nga panahon kay daghan man jud ug mga
business industry sa atoang sa atoang kuan sa atoang
syudad tas murag isa pud na sya sa mag pa taas ug… magpa
taas sa income sa atoang community kay sa mga business
kay naa man jud na silay tax nya mabutang gyud na sa
government mao nang mo taas ang hahah ang kwarta
satong community…. Like kanang mag decision sa mga
decision making dapat andam gyud ka mo risk gyud kay as
an entrepreneur daw kay dapat willing jud dawka mo risk sa
imong decision kay wala man jud daw kasiguraduhan
tanan.” (Archive####P4)

(Although it is hard, but I have a lot of opportunities

inclined to the business world and in decision making.
Business industry is expanding now in our city and it is one
of the reasons why the income of our community rises
because every business has their taxes and their taxes that
they pay will be put in our government, that is why the
economy of our community rises. In decision making, you
should be ready in taking risks because as an entrepreneur,
you should have the will to take risks with your own
decision. They say everything is uncertain the way it is.)

Participant F also uttered that:

“So na realize nako nganong… nganong gi choose…. Gi choose man

gud nako ni ang ABM is…. Is gusto kanang mag handle sa usa ka
business by myself kanang ako ra jud isa jud kay gusto ko makatuon
nga kanang…. Kanang dili ko kanang mangitag kanang… Kanang….
Mga advice… kanang mga decision na mga advice sa ibang tao
mga…. Kanang mga plan nila gusto ko lang ako sarili kanang by
myself lang gud na ako ang maningkamot sa akong sarili na ako mag
handle sa isa ka business or organization.” (Archive####P6)

(I realized why I chose ABM as my preferred strand. I

chose the ABM strand because I want to handle a business
wherein only myself, wants to learn it. I do not need to seek
advices, decisions, advices on other people, and their plans.
Instead, I want to settle that myself will be the one who
will strive hard and handle a business or organization.)
Balancing of Priorities

Most of the respondents have shared their balancing of priorities in terms of their

academic and enjoyment and their necessities and desires. They need to balance in order

for them to balance their academic life and their personal life. By the means of this, they

are not letting themselves dragged by their own frustrations in their academics, they also

possess their positivity to nurture their own enjoyment for the sake of their own mental

health.

Participant I stated that:

“kanang enjoy lang gud, tapos pareha atung iyang iyang

gi ingun nga kanang…kabalo ka mag set sa imung
priorities…” (Archive####P9)

(Just enjoy things and just like what she has said, you
need to know in setting such priorities.)

Participant J confidently mentioned that:

“Ano... diba ana, kabalo ko na nag ingun ko ganiha nga study

hard... pero kanang importante pud nga I take care nimo…
kanang , pahalagahan nimo imong kaugalingun, kay kung… pag
mag solve ko mag mag mag mag focus ko, kay ana baya sila
nga ay sig study kay maka buang daw na, tuo tuo ko ana, kay…
parang diba ana sila kanang…ang enjoyment pud sa isa ka tao
kay isa pud na siya sa important pud siya component para sa…
mental health… murag fit ana... and din mao rato enjoy lang
imung kaugalingon ayaw kaayo ka stress I know that.. kanang
ABM is lisud siya but..find good friends.. kanang kabalo,
kanang amigo nimo nga... kanang… kabalo kanang kanang mo
study, kana naa man gud uban nga kanang, ‘ayaw ayaw nata pa
sulod oy kay ana ana’…so wala..wala koy against ana sila
ha,pero kanang find kanang friends nga kabalo ka masaligan
nimo, kanang kabalo ka makatabang sa imo pu.. and din... mao
nato I enjoy nimo imung kaugalingun ug ang importante pud
guys kay scical nga fraction gud niya kay kanang sa taas (naa si
sir) kanang dili ka mag isa isa kanang … edit jud nimog siya
nga taas.” (Archive####P10)
 (I know that I have said it earlier, just study hard, but it is also
important to take care of yourself because if I am solving or
focusing too much, some will say to me to not study that hard
because it could tear our own sake. So, enjoy yourself and
don't stress yourself out, I know and I am aware that ABM
strand is difficult. The enjoyment of a certain person is an
important component of his or her mental health. Also, you
must find a good friend who knows how to study because we
have this kind of friends who are bad influences. I am not
against to them, but you must find a good friend that you can
trust for and also that can help you,

and yes, enjoy yourself and a scientific calculator that has a fraction
is also important.)

Participant K uttered that:

“Kuan ako recommendation kay… mao to enjoy lang tapos

kanang.. dapat naa ka always scical kay syempre partner
man jud nato nang scical pag ABM… tapos… dapat naa jud
tay time management, dili lang kay puros ta study, dapat
mag enjoy pud ka, bahinon nimo ang imuhang time, para
dili ka maglisud in comes ba kanang… oh in comes nga
kanang… busy na kaayo ka wala nakay time sa imung
family puros nalang study study so syempre imung family
mang luud napud sa imuha kay nag sigi nakag study wala
kay time sa ilaha.” (Archive####P11)

(My recommendation is that you need to enjoy and a

scientific calculator is a must-have thing because it is
recommended within the ABM strand. Also, we need to
have time management, not just in studying, but also in
enjoying and dividing your time so that you will not
have difficulties in terms of spending time with your
family accompanied with their perception of being busy
due to always studying.)

TABLE 5: INSIGHTS OF THE GRADE 12 STUDNTS OF CHOOSING ABM AS

THEIR STRAND
ESSENTIAL THEMES THEMATIC STATEMENT
ACCOMPANIMENT OF RELIGIOUS  Whenever they encounter problems
BELIEFS or difficulties, they always trigger
their religious aspect.
 When she said the praying and
trusting Him would alleviate their
struggles in their academics.
 Enjoyment accompanied with
religious views, as what she have
uttered.
 When he said that their challenges
and struggles can be used as

inspirations along with worshipping

God.
 When he said that showing your
true self could ease the tension and
pressure within you.
DESIRING TO OBJECTIVITY  When she said the uses the
capability to substantiate her vision.
 When she said that proving your
capacity and capability will make
you reach your goals and
objectives.
 The development of ABM-inclined
attributes is utilized in the near
future to reach objectivity.
 When he said that there are a lot of
opportunities to grab by taking risks
and making your own decisions.
 Has the vision of making it to
college or the reality of life.
 Making moves even if everything is
uncertain.
 Settled for improvement by striving
hard to attain goals and objectives.
BALANCING OF PRIORITIES  When she said that enjoyment is an
important component of a person’s
mental health.
  When she said the she balances her
own enjoyment and academic life
for her own sake.
 When she said that she needs to not
stress herself out in oder for her not
to tear down her own sake.
 Choosing good friends and setting
such priorities that might their
academic standing.
 Time management is the key to
balance their priorities.

Chapter 5

Discussion

This chapter presents the discussion of the results, implication for educational

practices, recommendations for future research, and the conclusion in which they are

inclined and anchored on the emerged themes drawn from the research questions.

Mainly, the purpose of this study is to deeply explore and put into analyzation the

experiences, coping mechanisms, and insights of the struggling Grade 12 ABM students

within Maryknoll College of Panabo, Inc. as we have the intention to seek such

information on what is behind the Grade 12 ABM students’ struggles and to find out what

are the constructs may be derived from the results and findings.

We have used phenomenology qualitative approach to provide a rich, detailed,

and complete description of human experiences and its intricate meanings that was aimed
through thoroughly identifying a phenomenon that is related to this study’s research

questions, the collection of data from in-depth interviews (IDI) and focus group

discussion (FGD), thoroughly analyzing the gathered data to create and develop clusters

of meaning and themes then present a very meaningful phenomenological information

and description about it.

It is also connected to the aforementioned framework that the 11 participants, six

for in-depth interview and five for the focus group discussion, were picked through the

use of purposive sampling and snowball technique to share and utter their opinion and

thoughts with regards to their experiences, coping mechanisms, and insights about their

struggles within the Accounting, Business, and Management strand as Grade 12 students.

Furthermore, the participants of this study were the students with same grade level from

Maryknoll College of Panabo, Inc, Prk. Atis, Brgy. Sto. Niño, Panabo City, Davao del

Norte.

The researchers of this piece will discuss some important factors or the essential

themes that deals with the experiences, coping mechanisms, and insights of the struggling

Grade 12 students who are taking the ABM strand. With regards to the experiences, they

are Vague Education, Compliance to Academic Tasks and Conditions, and Academic

Challenges.

Within the coping mechanisms of the Grade 12 students who are currently

enrolled in the ABM strand, they are Teachers' Impact, Self-reliance, and Devotion of

Endeavors.

Lastly, their insights of their struggle in taking ABM as their chosen strand are

Accompaniment of Religious Beliefs, Desiring to Objectivity, and Balancing of Priorities.

 Experiences Encountered by the Struggling ABM students in their Designated

Strand

As the researchers have conducted the in-depth interview and focus group

discussion, it is clear that there are various themes in our study. The following are the

essential themes that the researchers have developed that were drawn from the research

questions.

Vague Education

Most of the Grade 12 ABM students have pointed out their struggles and

experiences within their own designated strand, and one of them is vague education.

Within this portion, they said that their teachers often teach vaguely, causing such

perplexities to occur within their rationality.

Within this portion, it is about teachers who do not give enough academic support

towards Grade 12 ABM students. In practice, academic support encompasses a broad

array of educational strategies, including tutoring sessions, supplemental courses,

summer learning experiences, afterschool programs, teacher advisors, and volunteer

mentors, as well as alternative ways of grouping, counseling, and instructing student

(Great Schools Partnership, 2013). By the means of this, any of it are vague to support

their education towards the students.

Among the factors that make a teacher incompetent in teaching are experience and

passion (Alami, 2016). Likewise, for example, inexperienced teacher or a teacher with no

passion for teaching is unable to help students to get comprehensive idea of the subject

matter (Alami, 2016). In this case, perhaps the Grade 12 teachers within the ABM strand
are either not that experienced or do not have the ability to give comprehensible ideas.

With this, we can consider that teachers’ teaching abilities would make an impact

towards the students within their academic standing. So, a teacher’s skill in presenting

material, engaging students in classroom discussions and encouraging students in doing

assignments contributes to the deep comprehension of the given topic (Alami, 2016).

As what they have said, they do not teach properly, leaving them very perplexed

of the discusses lessons. In this case, the teachers must change their teaching approaches

towards the students in order for them to comprehend such complexities and its basics

within the discussed topic. Likewise, do vary your teaching strategies to keep students

interested (Goodwin, 2018). Perhaps changing a more detailed teaching approach would

make them engage more in such disseminated knowledges. In that way, the students will

do not have troubles in applying the the said objectives within each subject in themselves.

Additionally, teachers are the basis of education. They reflect on what they think.

They have multifaceted responsibilities and obligations in terms of managing a

classroom. We see teachers as people with a set of responsibilities, including asking

questions, evaluating students, lecturing, praising or critiquing, assigning homework,

supervising and grading examinations, and, at the end of the semester or year, grading

each student (Lynch, 2015).

Therefore, the only solution towards their vague teaching is to modify their own

teaching approaches. It could benefit them and to the students, leaving an intricate and

comprehensible interaction between both parties.

Compliance to Academic Tasks and Conditions

Most of the Grade 12 ABM students shared their effortful energy in terms of

complying to the give requirements that are needed to be fulfilled. Despite of their

difficulties and struggles, they still manage to comply with those given tasks for the sake

of their academic standing.

Students usually have to comply to their academic workloads to nurture or

cultivate their academic standing. They are motivated to get things done due to the fact

that they academically obligated to comply such academic workloads for them to persist

their standing. In this case, the nature of motivation and learning strategy use is vital to

improving student learning outcomes (Gbollie and Keamu, 2017). By the means of this,

their own obligation is their own strategy of doing things eventually.

It is imperative that students strive to comply with all academic expectations in

the classroom (Ministry of Education, Guyana, 2019). So, the students do really need to

fulfill the needed requirements to exert work and cultivate their own academic standing.

The process might be stressful and frustrating, but knowing its beneficial outcomes, it

would be worth it and would leave an individual basking in its afterglow.

Behind the compliance of academic tasks and conditions, there is analyzation and

conformity of the rules of the teachers. Analyzation is an important key factor of the

students for they will not deviate from the context that they have recently perceived. The

process of analyzation is necessary in complying such academic work because it is

deemed necessary. It will substantiate your own form of work. By the means of this,

analytical skills might sound a bit technical, but we all use them on a daily basis while

detecting patterns, brainstorming, observing, interpreting data, integrating new

information, theorizing, and making decisions based on multiple factors and options

available (Counsellingx, 2019). By this, the Grade 12 ABM students are being molded to

be responsible students someday with their careers inclined within the ABM strand. Since

education is all about conforming to facts and moral standards, as what Martin (2018)

have said, education is all about conformity, it is the institution of conformity.

Therefore, students usually have the intrinsic ability to pursue their academic

obligations due to the fact that it is indeed necessary. The ramifications of fulfilling their

own duties and responsibilities is indeed inevitable for a student. That is the sole reason

why they are engaging in such academic activities.

Academic Challenges

Usually, most of the Grade 12 ABM students shared their challenges in terms of

their academic life, specifically within their strand. From incompetent teachers to

competitive classmates, such factors that is attached within realm was perceived as their

challenge. By this, they are fully academically challenge, and have insisted commitment,

determination, and perseverance in any angles within the academic aspect.

One of the challenges their challenges is the high expectation of their teachers.

One of the best ways to help students meet rigorous academic expectations is to first set

high expectations for behavior (Hathaway, 2020). By this, their teachers perhaps the

intention to heighten their expectations to making their designated students reach their

own academic excellence. Teachers’ expectations of their students’ learning may be more

important in influencing student progress than pupils’ abilities (The Education Hub,

2018). Because of this, they are pressured, frustrated, and anxious about it.
 Without strong math, reading and writing skills, students struggle to grow through

continually challenging classes that require calculations, text readings and paper

assignments (Kokemuller, 2020). Majority of the Grade 12 ABM students mentioned that

they usually struggle in terms of their specialized subject, which has a lot of

comprehension, analyzation, mathematical analogies, and logic. By the means of this, it is

considered to be. as a standard academic phenomenon, which is usually encountered by

numerous students.

Moreover, inability to maintain an organized planner and to schedule study time

makes it easy for students to get distracted by the social scene, thus neglecting disciplined

study (Kokemuller, 2020). Due to the fact that there are numerous workloads in terms of

their academics, they are struggling in terms of their time management. They are not fond

in doing such things in a short period of time, but they are trying to fulfill them all to not

deviate from their academics.

Furthermore, disassociation due to classroom competition is a thing. Competition

between classmates is something that is seen far too often within the confinements of the

classroom (Amato, 2017). Likewise, though everyone should want to compete for the

better grades and internships, it’s all too often it turns into a competition between friends

(Amato, 2017). Because of this, their competitiveness is influential, leading to be

imposed to conform such academic standards.

Coping Mechanisms of Grade 12 Students who are Taking the ABM Strand

Teachers’ Impact

Most of the Grade 12 ABM students are frank about their teachers. They said that

they often struggle because of their high expectations, giving low grades despite of their
exerted effort, and not appreciating their effortful works. By this, they are very open and

confident enough to say their problems with regards to their teachers through the use of

in-depth interview and focus group discussion.

In every coping mechanism, there is a cause, and that cause is linked to a

particular problem or a challenge. Within this portion, the participants have shared their

apprehensions and concerns, and it serve as the initial phase of their coping.

‘High expectation teachers’ believe that students will learn faster and will

improve their level of achievement (The Education Hub, 2018). Likewise, In the quest for

excellence in education, all parties want the same results: high-achieving, well-rounded

students who rise to their full potential, ready for college and primed to take on whatever

the world can throw at them (Thomas, 2018). Because of this, their vague teaching and

their high expectations what made them struggle within their own strand. They said that

the teachers are the foundation of their own knowledge in which they have the

responsibility to spread their information because it is deemed as necessary.

Therefore, the teachers might have reasons why they are imposing their own

desire in leveling the expectations, and its effect among students is indeed detrimental,

but somehow, they could still manage it since they are complying to such academic tasks

and conditions for the sake of getting high grades and achieving such goals.

Self-reliance

Because of their difficulties, the Grade 12 ABM students manage to enact their

responsibilities and obligations as a student through depending to their own self. Most of

the interviewees are being reliant because of the disassociation and frustrations that have
had happened within real. Because of this circumstance, they often found it as a

challenging phase for them and possess their self-reliance within their academic life.

Due to experiencing some struggles like vague education and other academic

challenges, they are left with the choice of being self-reliant within the angles of their

academic life. Being self-reliant is presented to be the ability to take control over your

life, being motivated from within, and being able to take care of oneself (Frederick,

2016). So, being self-reliant is beneficial especially for students because it trains them to

be resilient and independent in reality. They will have the capability to do things in their

abilities and ways, whatever makes them satisfied due to the to their calculated desires.

Self-reliance is rooted in a fundamental belief that you can change your circumstances

(Casalina, 2017). By the means of this, they are able to change their own situations by

knowing its possibilities and what could benefit them. In terms of academics, connected

to the participants’ answers, may of the instances include, adjusting their responsibilities

to induce time management, taking risks for the sake of their own desires, has the motive

of self-studying or self-educating to grow as a student, and finally, listening to the

teachers despite of their vague teachings. In that way, the students have shown exemplary

reliance to enable them to value growth as a student and as a person.

Therefore, the way that teachers handle them induce self-reliance within them. In

every tasks and projects that they make, they have the capability to do it in their own.

Likewise, gradually hand them tasks to complete making it known that they have the

power to be independent (Frederick, 2016).

Devotion of Endeavors

Most of the Grade 12 ABM students are committed enough to do such things that

could benefit their personal and academic standing. By this, they have a positive and

determined outlook whenever they encounter numerous problems, academically or

personally. They often work hard with their hardships just to earn benefits in the future. It

is also for the purpose of training in engaging to both college life and reality in their later

years.

With their devotion of endeavor, academic excellence is an aim for them. Since

they are doing things for their own benefit, the utilization of devotion to their own

endeavors are well-manifested. Academic success is important because it directly decides

the positive outcomes of the students after graduating (UK Essays, 2018). So, by the

means of this, academic excellence would give the students much benefit and

opportunities in terms of their progressed endeavors in their academic life.

Other term for devotion of endeavors will be “self-determined student”. So, to put

things in a simple manner, self-determination pushes a student to achieve based on

intrinsic motivation rather than relying on external rewards (Seattle Pi Education, 2020).

In this case, their hardwork has a great cause in which they want to learn from it and

apply it. They are being determined to do such things and analyze each options in their

academic portion like having a positive outlook in solving such predicaments, assessing

the problems in a clear and concise manner, relying in finding such facts, and striving

hard just to achieve their goals. In relation to this, a self-determined student takes action

based on an understanding of options and with specific goals in mind (Seattle Pi

Education, 2020).
 Insights of the Grade 12 Students of Choosing ABM as their Strand

Accompaniment of Religious Beliefs

Most of the Grade 12 ABM students shared their religious aspect. Whenever they

encounter such predicaments, they often trigger their religious beliefs. Since they are

morally obligated, they are very inclined to worship their religion. Their religion is the

basis of their own faith and strength in conquering such adversities in life. By this, they

often accompany their academic life with such religious beliefs.

Because of this, their participants’ school is highly inclined to religious activities.

The beneficial effects of religious practice on education are transmitted to the individual

student through various pathways within the family of origin and through peers, the

church community, and the extended community (Marripedia, 2020). By the means of

this, students are molded to be religious and are abiding to their own religion. In this case,

they often accompany their academics with religious beliefs, thus creating an impact

towards their mental and spiritual aspect.

Religion has played an important part in the development of education ever since

the beginning, even before the creation of schools (Bartleby, 2019). So, in this case, it is

proven that religion can be associated to schools especially in such places who are very

inclined to any religious activities. Schools that are really into religion does have students

who have the will to prioritize their own religious aspects within any angles of their

academic life.
Desiring to Objectivity

The interviewees have a vision to their future. So, by the means of this, they are

often having the desire to such things happen in accordance to their own imagination.

They have the desire of fulfilling the objectivity just to enlarge their vision and become

capable in the near future that is ahead of them. Its basis will be their commitment,

discipline, self-reliance, determination, and perseverance.

Learning objectives ideally describe a direction for the student acquiring new

knowledge, skills, and attitudes (Weill Cornell Medicine, 2020). By the means of this,

each student or person has specific objectives to attain to for it is inevitable.

Most of the students have shared their answers in terms of knowing their full

capacity and capability, knowing their vision in the near future, tasking risks even it

everything is uncertain, and settling for improvement. In all of that, that is some of the

students’ specific objectives in order for them to survive in school and have that vision

within their academic days.

Therefore, the importance of learning objectives radiates through this illustration,

showing us how focusing on the wrong thing can lead to pointless projects and serving

merely as a waste of time (Professional Learning Board, 2019). Objectives are inevitable

within the academe real. It is one of the necessities for the students to fully engage in

such work.

Balancing of Priorities

The Grade 12 ABM students have shared their sides with regards to their

enjoyment and their priorities. So, they manage to balance their priorities in order for
them to grow as a student and as a person. What they balance is their own enjoyment and

their academics. Enjoyment in terms of planning trips with friends and other stuff

inclined to such positivity and academics for their knowledgeabilities and obligations.

In order to optimize functioning, it is necessary to find a balance between the

various roles one plays (Johns Hopkins Student Assistance Program, 2019). Knowing that

we are also inclined to life, it is very necessary to balance our studies and our personal

life in order for us to be wrapped in productivity. Because of this, being a student also

have multifaceted responsibilities. Likewise, a student often wears many different hats:

partner, worker, friend, classmate, etc (Johns Hopkins Student Assistance

Program, 2019).
Striving toward a school-life balance is a healthy coping mechanism for students

seeking to better manage their stress (Keim, 2018). In this case, the students often have

this kind of coping mechanism to reduce stress and anxiety levels. So, it is very intrinsic

for a person to know his or her priorities, and it is indeed applicable for students who are

eager to survive with their own sanity.

Implication for Educational Practice

The themes generated from the experiences of the struggling Grade 12 ABM

students include Vague Education, Compliance to Academic Tasks and Conditions, and

Academic Challenges. All of these attached themes signify that the struggling Grade 12

ABM students have experienced a standard academic phenomenon within their academic

angle.

Based from the results of this study, the researchers want to emphasize the

following individuals to work to address this issue properly:

 For the students, they will realize that their own problems are similar to the

students who are currently enrolled to other strands. They will know that we all have

different problems that we face every day, and in order for it to be depleted, they must

possess the value of growth. Academic problems are not just mere problems. Problems

are problems, they are needed to be solved and form a substantial solution. In terms of

their teachers, they must learn to appreciate the smallest things. Even if they are not that

inclined in teaching the details, they must respect them because it is necessary and

morally accepted. Also, they will bear it in their minds that they be positive in any angles

in their life to have growth and positivity within their life. Also, this study proves the

balancing of priorities, self-reliance, academic challenges, compliance to academic tasks

and conditions, devotion of endeavors, desiring to objectivity, and accompaniment of

religious beliefs, for they will serve as the basis of their own growth as a student.

Moreover, this research also suggests that the teachers must know their teaching

style. They must know if it is effective or not. The acquisition of effective teaching is a

total need for the students in order for them to comprehend and understand the stated

topics clearly. Also, they must value appreciation even in the tiniest effort of a particular

student. Small efforts are still efforts, it has the intention to be appreciated no matter what

its size. They would also come up with a great idea on entertaining their students to

decrease their weary or boring teaching. This study proves that the teachers’ impact does

really make an impact among students, as it is the basis of their own struggles or

difficulties and also, their vague education wherein they teach students with very vague

information and details, causing them to be confused and messed up.

For the aspiring ABM students, this will serve as a lesson for them, for it will be the

fundamental basis of their own academic growth and the decision-making process. The
utilization of such lessons will be accompanied with the experiences experienced by the

struggling ABM students in Grade 12. In this way, they have the opportunity to know the

angles of being an ABM student, thus triggering empathy within them.

Recommendations for Future Research

This particular phenomenological study is only focused on the experiences, coping

mechanisms, and insights of the six participants for in-depth interview and five

participants for the focused group discussion. This could not be generalized to all

struggling Grade 12 ABM students in other localities, further investigation and

exploration might be done in a different setting yet having similar purposes, to

distinguish also their perspective and perception in taking ABM as the chosen strand for

Senior High.

The researchers would like to recommend that Junior High school students who

have the desire to enroll in Senior High as ABM students will discover and distinguish

the factors of being an ABM student or choosing the ABM strand as a personal or

academic choice as well as how it could affect, influence, and promote the concept of

ABM towards the society. The researchers would also like to recommend possible factors

or reasons that could help out some struggling ABM students in finding out such

solutions or coping mechanisms. Also, the researchers would like to recommend for the

teachers or aspiring teachers to find out a way of teaching that could make your topics or

subject comprehensible or understandable in perception of students. In this way, effective

teaching is truly manifested, and it is indeed a helpful deed for both teachers and the

students.
 Moreover, the researchers would also recommend the future researchers to either

have a research piece about Grade 11 students who are struggling within the ABM strand

or other strands or a research piece that is about homosexuals who are struggling within

the ABM strand or any other strands due to the fact that the researchers are only focused

on men and women within the ABM strand.

Furthermore, the researchers would also recommend the future researchers to

study and investigate about the differences between the predicaments of the academic

tracks and non-academic tracks. Additionally, the future researchers could also

distinguish the reason why these two tracks or the other strands often have diverse

struggles or difficulties.

Concluding Remarks

This phenomenological study would hopefully open the minds of the Senior High

students struggling in their academics, teachers who are the basis of disseminating

knowledge, the school’s administrators, and aspiring ABM students with regards to the

different experiences of the struggling Grade 12 ABM students and as well as their

coping mechanisms and insights or realizations.

This research will also serve as a reminder that the problems of a particular strand

is as similar to academic struggles or challenges, in which it is experienced by the

students in general. Also, all of us have different levels of tolerance and coping

mechanism in stress and pressure, so that is why your own self could only depend on it.

Prevention of criticizing, belittling, and judging such students by the own problems must
be clearly manifested to have academic harmony. It is hard being a student, but one must

do something about its hardness or difficulty so that one has the ability to cover up such

problems using constructed tangible or intangible solutions. Behind every difficulty, there

is a future ahead of them, waiting to reach in that phase. So, the utilization of courage,

determination, and commitment could mean that he or she is trying to be one of the

successors in the near future.

Aside from the students, the teacher must also get credited for the students’

growth and determination in not just academics, but also in reality. Teachers may have

different teaching approaches, but their entitlement is still linked to their objectivity,

which is to educate students. They are still deserved to be treated with kindness and

respect due to the fact that their journey is very rocky. Also, being a teacher is not that

easy, it takes a ton of students to mold them as better individuals. By the means of this, a

teacher has a lot of roles, so it is tiring for them to mold and develop every single person

within the academe world. They may be diverse, but at least they have tried their best as

the role models of the students. Thus, making the teachers as the most important element

in which they are the ones who disseminate knowledge.

The researchers of this piece have witnessed the struggles and challenges faced by

the struggling Grade 12 students who are taking ABM as their chosen strand. The

information and lessons that they have shared to us during the in-depth interview and

focus group discussion had made us realized that within every struggle, there is a

newfound grace of solutions that might come in the way. One’s struggle is indeed

inevitable within the realm that we are living in. Every challenge has a fruitful outcome,

and this is applicable to both in academics and in reality. We have also learned how

teachers are the essential part of the academe world due to the fact that they bear and
disseminate knowledge and place it into our minds to nurture it and use it in the near

future. By this, they have the goal to completely develop us in a way that we are the

possible successors of the society.

Most important of all, the aims to share on how the Grade 12 ABM students have

faced their struggles and overcome their problems were confidently mentioned and

revealed during the in-depth interview and focus group discussion. To emphasize, the

concept of academics has been deemed imperfect, but it is greatly significant and

purposive in the perception of many people due to the fact that education is the basis of

our living.

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