AY 2021-2022

INFORMATION
MANAGEMENT

Prepared By:

Prof. Jomariss B. Plan, MSIT, SMRIIT

CCS Faculty
Overview of the Database
Systems
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the topic session, the students should be able to:

• Understand the concept of Database Management System

• Differentiate data versus information
• Learn the different types of database system.
• Appreciate the importance, application, and advantages of
database.
In the past, files systems are used by the
managers of any small organization to track
necessary data.

As on organization expands and data needs

become larger, the file system was converted
from manual to a computerized one.
Disadvantages of File systems:

• Data Redundancy
• Data Inconsistency
• Difficulty in Accessing Data
• Data Isolation
• Security and Access Control
Disadvantages of File systems:

• Data Redundancy
• Data Inconsistency
• Difficulty in Accessing Data
• Data Isolation
• Security and Access Control
Database Systems
 Is a computerized system whose overall
purpose is to maintain information and make
that information available on demand.
 Manual Payroll Computer Based info. System

1. Receives time sheet from supervisors. 1. Processes the stored time-sheet details.
2. Retrieves each employee's record file from filling
cabinet. 2. Retrieves each employee's record from
database file.
3. Calculates the gross wage manually with a
calculator.
3. Calculates the gross salary
4. Calculates deductions.
4. manually calculates all deductions to get the net
wage.

5. Manuallly types the pay cheque and stub. 5. Prints the pay cheque.
6. Updates the payroll register (stores every detail 6. Updates the payroll register.
of wages paid, deductions made, etc.) study of
information productions, flow and use within
organizations.
Five Major Parts of a Database
1. Hardware
2. Software
3. People
4. Procedures
5. Data
Raw inputs
Unprocessed inputs Results
Processed inputs
Types of Database Systems
There are four structural types of database
systems:
• Hierarchical
• Network
• Relational
• Object-Oriented
Hierarchical
- Is very similar to your folder structure on the
laptop. Every folder can contain sub-folder and
each sub-folder can still hold more sub-folders.
Network
Are mainly used on a large digital computers.
More connections can be made between different
types of data. A network database looks more like
a coweb or interconnected network of records.
Object-Oriented
A database management system in which
information is represented in the form of objects
with their attributes.
Relational Database Management
System (RDBMS)
- Based on the relational model of E.F. Codd.
- A collection of data items organized as a set
of formally described tables from which
data can be accessed or reassembled in
many different ways without having to
reorganize the database tables.
Evolution of Database
1968 File-based. Data was maintained in a flat file.
1968-1980 Era of Hierarchical database model was
IBM’s first DBMS called IMS (Information
Management System)
1971- Network DBMS
1970- Present RDBMS
1985- Object-Oriented
1995- First internet database applications
Importance and Application of Database
• Manages data efficiently and allows user to perform
multiple task with ease.
• Important to businesses and organization because they
provide a highly efficient method for handling multiple
types of data.
• Without database, tasks can be done manually and take
more time.
• Security