IB Biology Review

Chap1
1. Cell theory

2. Exceptions to Cell Theory

3. Cell functions

4. The nutrients source difference for Paramecium and Chlorella? Unique organella for Chlorella?

Paramecium:

Chlorella:

5. Cell differentiation

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6. Stem cell

One therapeutic use for stem cell:

7. Draw and label diagram of a Prokaryotic Cell, with its function

8. Binary fission

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9. Draw and label diagram of a Eukaryotic animal Cell, with organelle functions

10. Draw and label diagram of a Eukaryotic plant Cell, with organelle functions

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11. Comparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell

12. Comparison of Plant and animal cell

13. Fluid Mosaic Model of cell membrane with label and function

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14. Phospholipid properties and cell membrane

15. Membrane Protein Functions

16. Passive transport: Energy ( ) Concentration ( ) Protein ( )

Diffusion

Faciliated diffusion

Osomosis (with picture)

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17. Active transport: Energy ( ) Concentration ( ) Protein ( )

18. Sodium-Potassium Pump

Energy ( ) Concentration ( ) Protein ( )

Sodium ( ) in/out

Potassium ( ) in/out

19. Endocytosis and exocytosis (picture)

20. Cell division stages (5 stages) and control (including what is happening)

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21. Chromosome, chromatin, sister chromatids during cell division (interphase and cell division)

22. Draw and label 4 phases in motosis with 4 chromosomes

23. Cytokinesis

What is cytokinesis?

Animal cell:

Plan cell:

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24. Cancer is ( ) cell division

25. Pasteur Experiment setup and its meaning

26. Endosymbiosis and evidences

27. Chemical evolution

28. Miller experiments and its finding

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Chap2
1. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a ( ), the building blocks of genetic material.

Also, ATP serves to ( ) made by ( )

Metabolism = ( )+( )

2. How does a hydrogen bond form between two water molecules? Draw and labelled diagram

3. Water property:

Cohesion

Adhesion

Heat

Solvent

Hydrophilic

Hydrophobic

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Polar

Non-polar

4. Monosaccharides can be divided into ( ), ( ) and

( ) [hint:3,5,6]

Ribose deoxyribose

Glucose

5. Disaccharide

Sucrose= ( )+( )

Lactose= ( )+( )

Maltose= ( )+( )

6. Polysaccharide and their functions

1. C

2. S

3. G

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7. Fatty acid can be divided into (and draw their structures)

1. S

2. M

3. P

8. Draw the reaction how triglyceride lipid is formed.

BMI = weight (kg)/[height (m) × height (m)]

9. Amino acid: ( )types

Peptide bond formation

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10. Protein structure

(a) Primary protein structure:

(b) Secondary protein structure: repetitive shapes of either ( )or (

) due to ( )

(c) Tertiary structure: a shape formed by ( ),

( ), ( ), ( )

(d) Quaternary structure:

Haemoglobin has ( ) subunits, a ( )group and ( )atom

11. Protein vs polypeptide:

12. Denaturation of Protein

pH:

Heat:

13. Enzymes are ( )

How enzyme works?

Lock&key model

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14. Enzyme ( ) the reaction by ( ),
but ( )the equilibrium

15. Factors affect enzyme activity

Temp.

pH

Substrate concentration

16. Enzyme Application in Industries most utilize ( ) enzyme

17. Structure of Nucleic Acid and how a DNA strand was formed (with number label)

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18. Bases used in DNA and RNA and the hydrogen bonds involved

19. DNA replication mechanism, enzyme and Meselson and Stahl’s Experiment

20. DNA to protein

Transcription:

Where?

What are produced?

Where is the condon located?

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Translation:

Where?

Two RNA involved and their functions?

21. Polymerase chain reaction

22. Respiration happens in ( ) for eukaryotic cell.

Glycosis

Anaerobic respiration:

Yeast and some plants produce: ( )

Human and some animals produce ( )

Where in human ( ) can be converted to ( ) for further aerobic respiration.

Aerobic respiration and Krebs Cycle

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23. Photosynthesis

Light Reaction Dark Reaction

Raw materials:

Energy:

Where:

Products:

Total reaction:

24. The leaf is green because it uses ( ) and ( ) lights in visible light, and
reflect ( ) light

25. Three limiting factors for photosynthesis and the curves?

26. How respiration was measured?

27. How photosynthesis was measured?

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Chap 3
1. concepts

Gene:

Locus:

Alleles:

Mutation：

2. Color blindness

Cause：

Syndrome：

Inheritance：

3. Cystic Fibrosis

Cause

Syndrome

Inheritance

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4. Sick cell anemia

Cause

Syndrome

Inheritance

5. Chromosome

Prokaryotic cell

Eukaryotic cell

Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell

Protein wrap?

Number

Pair

Plasmid

Nucleus membrane

6. Homologous chromosomes have same ( ),( ), ( ), but

they might not have same ( )

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7. Diploid

8. Haploid

( ) belongs to haploid

9. Karyotype is the information of ( )

Karyogram can find out the ( ), ( ), ( ), but

you can not find ( ), ( ) in karyogram

10. Meiosis will generate ( ) gamate cells, which are haploid/diploid.

Meiosis I (draw)

Two special things happened during meiosis I?

Meiosis II (draw)

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11. Down syndrome

Cause

What phase of meiosis

Finding in karyogram

Syndrome

12. Gel electrophoresis separate ( ) by ( ) according to their ( )

13. Polymerase chain reaction is used to ( ), and a specific enzyme

( ) is needed

14. Process and application of DNA profiling

15. Process and application of Gene transfer/gene modification

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16. Process and application of somatic cell transfer (cloning of mammal/human)

17. Debate on cloning:

Pros:

Cons:

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