MLS 054: Biostatistics and Epidemiology

Laboratory Activity Sheet #03

Name: Eslit, Vinea L.

ID number: 05-2122-005715
Section: BSMLS2 B5
Date: February 23, 2023

Attach your answered LAS in the Classwork.

Rename and convert your file to pdf: Family name–First name–LA 03 …..
Example: Santos–Anna Marie–LA 03-Task 1-4.docx

LAS for Session 3: (Total = 20 points)

This Laboratory Activity #03 (LA 03) must be answered using this file. Make a copy.
(You can use extra sheet of papers, take a picture of your solution, then paste the picture in this file
and submit in Classwork)

SAS 07: Importance and Uses of Health Data

SAS 08: Epidemiology/Epidemiological Measurements
Task #1 (5 points) Prevalence and Incidence
What Is the Difference Between an Incidence Rate and a Prevalence Rate?
> The prevalence rate is the relative proportion of total cases observed in a population over some
period of time.
> The incidence rate is the rate of new cases observed in a population over some period of time
> Let's say a county in the U.S. with a population of 500,000 may have had 20 new cases of
tuberculosis in 2013. This translates to an incidence rate of four cases per 100,000 persons. This is
higher than the incidence rate of TB for the entire U.S.—9,852 new TB cases in 2013—for an
incidence rate of three cases per 100,000 persons.

Solve the following problems.

Direction: Solve and show complete solutions.

1) In 2003, 44,232 new cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were reported in the
United States. The estimated mid-year population of the U.S. in 2003 was approximately 290,809,777.
Calculate the incidence rate of AIDS in 2003.

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 MLS 054: Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Laboratory Activity Sheet #03

2. A study starts with 5,000 people. Of these, 125 have the disease in question. What is the prevalence
of disease per 1000 people?

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 MLS 054: Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Laboratory Activity Sheet #03

3. A study starts with 4,875 health people. (Think of these as the 5000 from problem 2 minus the 125
prevalent cases.) Over the next 2 years, 75 develop the disease. What is the incidence rate of disease
over the study period?

4. A study assesses the association between talking on a cellular phone while driving and traffic
accidents. It finds that people with cellular phones have accidents at a rate of 11.1 per 10,000 miles
traveled. People who do not have cellular phones have accidents at the rate of 8.6 per 10,000 miles.
Calculate the rate difference associated with cellular phone use. Then, in plain terms, interpret your
results.

The rate difference associated with cellular phone use is 2.5. This implies that higher accidents occur
to those people with cellular phones compared to people who do not have cellular phone.

5. In a survey of 1,150 women who gave birth in Maine in 2000, a total of 468 reported taking a

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 MLS 054: Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Laboratory Activity Sheet #03

multivitamin at least 4 times a week during the month before becoming pregnant. Calculate the
prevalence of frequent multivitamin use in this group.

Task #2 (5 points)
The table below shows that the age-specific mortality rates are absolutely identical in the two
populations. In other words, in any given age group, the two populations have the same risk. However,
note that the risk of mortality increases with age.

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 MLS 054: Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Laboratory Activity Sheet #03

To do: Explain in one (1) paragraph why the comparison of crude rates between Table A and
Table is unfair.

In this hypothetical scenario, the table below demonstrates that the age-specific mortality
rates in the two groups are exactly the same. In other words, the risk is the same for the two
groups in any given age range. However, recall that as you become older, your risk of dying
increases. Also take note of the higher proportion of seniors in Population B. Hence, the
comparison of crude rates is unfair due to the different age distributions because population
B is more heavily weighted with older individuals and age is similarly connected with risk of
mortality. The risk of cancer death is precisely the same in these two populations because the
age-specific rates are comparable. Because older persons have a higher chance of dying from
cancer and population B has a larger proportion of older people, the crude rates are different.
In other words, the age-specific rates are the same, but because population B has a bigger
percentage of older people, the age-specific rate among older persons has a greater influence
on the overall crude rate.

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 MLS 054: Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Laboratory Activity Sheet #03

Task #3 (5 points) Online Calculator

Prevalence is usually reported as a percentage, but may also be found as number of cases out of 100
or as number of cases per 10,000 or 100,000 people.
https://www.mdapp.co/prevalence-rate-formula-calculator-586/
Try this prevalence online calculator using random data and paste your screenshot here.


Incidence Rate (of a disease) is the rate at which new cases of a disease occur in the population. The
numerator is the number of new cases of a disease that occur during a given period (usually a year),
and the denominator is the number of the population at risk of experiencing the disease during the
same period, usually expressed as the number of new cases per 100,000 persons.
https://www.omnicalculator.com/health/incidence-rate
Try this prevalence online calculator using random data and paste your screenshot here.


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 MLS 054: Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Laboratory Activity Sheet #03

Task #4 (5 points) covid prevalence calculator

Option 1: Make a copy from this link.
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1N57M7h14FLLkI77OvT77kNSpDYcYGU_W/copy

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 MLS 054: Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Laboratory Activity Sheet #03

Option 2: Download your excel file here.

https://preventepidemics.org/covid19/resources/prevalence-calculator/

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 MLS 054: Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Laboratory Activity Sheet #03

You will then have this file, explore the file and try with any random data.

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 MLS 054: Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Laboratory Activity Sheet #03

TO DO. Use the data below and determine the estimate of total covid cases.

Total population 98567300

Proportion of population over 65 24 percent
Total number of COVID-19 deaths 58673
Total cumulative cases 3668952
Total cumulative cases as of 14 days ago 3668003

Try the COVID-19 Prevalence Calculator and paste your screenshot here. 

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 MLS 054: Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Laboratory Activity Sheet #03

Name: Eslit, Vinea L.

ID number: 05-2122-005715
Section: BSMLS2 B5
Date: February 23, 2023
Name of Teacher: Sir Jay Juvah Estole

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION