Evaluate

Exercise once again the skill for doing context and text (content) analysis primary
sources for history. Answer the template below
Context Analysis

Title of the document: _______ Customs of the Tagalogs

(TWO RELATIONS BY JUAN DE PLASENCIA, O.S.F.) ________________________________

Original language of the document:___Spanish______________

Language used in Translation: English

Translator : Frederic w. Morrison

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Author’s name: Juan de Plasencia ______________________________

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Birth (Date and Place):(1520)16th Century/Spain

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Death: 1590 at Liliw, Laguna.
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Relevant information that links the author to the primary source:

After receiving your Lordship's letter, I wished to reply immediately; but I postponed my answer in
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order that I might first thoroughly inform myself in regard to your request, and to avoid discussing the
conflicting reports of the Indians, who are wont to tell what suits their purpose. Therefore, to this end, I
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collected Indians from different districts—old men, and those of most capacity, all known to me; and
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from them I have obtained the simple truth, after weeding out much foolishness, in regard to their
government, administration of justice, inheritances, slaves, and dowries.
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Date of writing and/or Publication of the original document: October 1589

Place Written : Philippines

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Author’s Purpose for writing the document

The author’s purpose for writing the document was to give a report or reply on the
Lordship letter he received.
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Social milieu around the time that the event occurred and was written (What was
happening in history around the time that the document was written?)

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 At that time, one of the objectives of the colonial authorities was the conversion of the natives to
Christianity and figuring out how to best govern them hence there is a need for a documentation of sorts
about their life ways.

Who was the intended audience?

The intended audience was Santiago de Vera, the chief justice of the Royal
Audienca and 6th Spanish Governor General

Content Analysis
This document became the country’s first Civil Code, used by the alcaldes-mayores
in their administration of justice. Enumerate at least three (3) topics covered

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and beside each, write at least one (1) specific rule.

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1. Marriage

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 If two persons married, of whom one was a maharlica and the other a

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slave, whether namamahay or sa guiguilir, the children were divided: the

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first, whether male or female, belonged to the father, as did the third and
fifth; the second, the fourth, and the sixth fell to the mother, and so on.
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 The maharlicas could not, after marriage, move from one village to
another, or from one barangay to another, without paying a certain fine in
gold, as arranged among them.
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 In the matter of marriage dowries which fathers bestow upon their sons
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when they are about to be married, and half of which is given

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immediately, even when they are only children, there is a great deal more
complexity.
2. Inheritance
 Adopted children, of whom there are many among them, inherit the
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double of what was paid for adoption.

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 If one had children by two or more legitimate wives, each child received
the inheritance and dowry of his mother, with its increase, and that share
of his father’s estate which fell to him out of the whole.
 If a man had a child by one of his slaves, as well as legitimate children,
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the former had no share in the inheritance; but the legitimate children
were bound to free the mother, and to give him something—a tael or a
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slave, if the father were a chief; or if, finally, anything else were given it
was by the unanimous consent of all.
3. Debt
 The master who had provided the culprit with food and clothing, thus
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enslaving the culprit and his children until such time as he might amass
enough money to pay the fine. If the father by any chance pay his debt,
the master then claimed that he had fed and clothed his children, and
should be paid therefor. In this way he kept possession of the children if
the payment could not be met.
 The debtor is condemned to a life of toil; and thus borrowers become

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 slaves, and after death of the father the children pay the debt. Not doing
so, double the amount must be paid.

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If there are any, what are the personal biases, suspected errors, or misleading
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statements of the author that showed up in the document?
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The suspected errors were the word Tagalo which is supposed to be Tagalog
and the word dato which is supposed to be Datu.
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