A Proposed Reconstruction of Barangay Road Along

Casantaan-Cabuloan Road, Urdaneta City using Precast Pavement

Nhixon J. Fernandez, Jonathan D. Apilada, Mark Darylle M. Bernardo, Mary Joyce P.

Estayane, Ericson C. Ibay, Joshua R. Mondala and Ailyn D. Villano-ac

Urdaneta City University

#1 San Vicente West, Urdaneta City Pangasinan, Phillipines 2428

ABSTRACT

This research aims to suggest a new type of construction method where it will add

to the options of road maintenance in our society. Precast concrete technology is a great

help to speed up the process of repairing roads here in the Philippines. Our roads play a

big and critical role in the growth and development of the country, so it is very important

that we have methods to maintain the serviceability of our roads.

Precast concrete technique provides unrivaled durability for freshly constructed

highways and bridges, as well as the least amount of traffic disturbance possible during

construction. Roads have a key role in economic development and progress, as well as

providing significant social advantages. They are critical to growth and development of a

nation. Roads give access to new places and promote economic and social growth. As a

result of these factors, road infrastructure is the most significant of all public assets.

Because it is inevitable that our roads are easily damaged, this research intends to

promote new way of maintaining our roads through precast concrete pavement. Where

it can help a lot to speed up the construction because it is faster to construct compared

to traditional road construction. It can also save on maintenance when we use precast
concrete pavement because it is more durable and has a long lifespan compared to

traditional pavement. It will also reduce the inconvenience caused by its construction

than traditional cast in place concrete that we are used to.

As a result, this research conclude that it is the time to adapt new methods of

constructing roads in order for the nation to keep up with the country's growth and

development. Precast concrete pavement is a great help in the construction industry and

in the engineering field.

INTRODUCTION

Transportation encompasses facilities and services that provide people and things

with mobility and access. It is also vital to note that the transportation system facilitates

an essential role in the movement of people and goods. We have a transportation system

in place to bridge the gap between activities. As a result, the transportation system

facilitates daily household chores. They enable consumers and businesses to choose

where they want to locate, specifically labor mobility, regarding getting to work and

relocating. And accessible for emergency services. Bridges, roads, railroads, ports,

airports, and highways are all part of transportation.

On the other hand, a highway has a broad meaning, according to Ponder Weasel.

It is nothing more than a public road with limited access and potential for tolls. Only cars

and similar motor vehicles can only approach or exit the road via on or off-ramp.

Highways link two more locations, ensuring that industries, jobs, and development follow.

They are noted for their extraordinary capacity, efficiency, and meticulous planning.

Highway networks are critical for a region's growth. It is an opportunity for trade routes,
and almost every industrial area in the country is connected to the primary highway

network system.

Review of Related Literature and Studies

[2] The study entitled, Precast Concrete Pavement Technology (2012), there is

potential for offsite manufacturing. More stringent quality enables lighter, thinner, and

more durable road section management and the use of construction details that are not

suitable for on-site construction. Road repair and reconstruction is an important activity

for all US highway authorities. Some of these activities significantly impact agency

resources, and their widespread expansion closing lanes lead to traffic delays. Traffic

volume Major highway systems, especially in urban areas, increased dramatically over

the last 20 years, often with faster repair than expected, rebuilding the highway fortress.

Road rehabilitation urban areas are a severe and ongoing challenge for highway

authorities for construction-related traffic obstacles and safety problems.

[3] The study entitled, "Precast Concrete Pavement System on US 92." One

purpose State Department of transportation (DOTs) might also pick asphalt pavements

over concrete pavements is the capacity to open a place for site visitors’ hours after

placement. Concrete pavement can take six to eight hours, although expanded mixes are

used. Precast concrete pavement has the promise of decreasing this time. Before this

demonstration challenge, the precast concrete pavement had no longer been applied in

crucial Florida. The creation techniques, as well as to increase plans, specifications, and

pointers for precast concrete pavement creation. Significant regions of improvement

encompass precast panel layout, manufacturing, assembling criteria, submit placement

grouting, submit-tensioning systems, and submit-creation pavement grinding for

smoothness.

[4] The study entitled "Concrete Pavement replacement using Precast Concrete

Pavement Systems." In addition, traffic patterns differ by the time of day. The hourly

traffic distribution on the I-66 westbound mainline is shown in Table 1 (as reported in the

user cost analysis performed by VDOT). The hourly traffic distribution for weekday and

weekend traffic is shown, respectively, which suggests that weekday traffic peaks at

about 7:30 am and again between 3:00 and 7:00 pm. The weekend traffic plateaus at its

highest between 11:00 am and 6:00 pm. The rehabilitation strategy adopted by VDOT

required careful consideration of the traffic demands and subsequent MOT requirements.

The existing pavement in this area, built in the 1960s, was highly deteriorated. The

pavement structure consisted of a 9-inch jointed reinforced concrete slab over 6 inches

of aggregate subbase, placed over a 6-inch cement stabilized subgrade. The pavement

along the mainline and the US-50 West ramp suffered extensive cracking, mid-slab

spalling, and deteriorated joints. This highway had undergone intermittent slab repairs

over the last several years; however, the condition was poor enough to warrant an overall

rehabilitation.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Research Design

In our project study, the researcher uses a qualitative approach to find a design for
proposing the Reconstruction of Barangay Road along Casantaan-Cabuloan road,

Urdaneta City, using Precast Pavement.

The precast pavement that the researcher will focus on in this study is an

experimental design that includes the following materials: steel reinforcements, dowel

spacing, maximum strength or compressive strength, pavement size, and formworks. To

determine whether precast concrete pavement may replace traditional concrete

pavement cast.

The research proposes precast concrete pavement as an alternative to the

traditional way of constructing and repairing conventional roadway pavements. The PCP

project introduced by the researchers requires proper evaluation, experimentation, data

gathering, and strategies to complete all the necessary information for planning,

constructing, and implementing the study.

The researcher develops 3 types of design with similar dimension, position of lifting

sockets, length and numbers of dowels each panel. Design 1 has 10 pcs of 16mm ⌀ bar

for the top and 20 pcs of 16mm ⌀ bar for the bottom. Design 2 has 14 pcs of 12mm ⌀ for

top and bottom bars. Design 3 has 20 pcs of 10mm ⌀ for top bars and 20 pcs for bottom

bars.

From the 3 types of designs, the researcher develops design 3 by providing a

complete estimation from concrete mixture to steel reinforcements and a design and

perspective illustration of the precast pavement design.

 Figure 1. PERSPECTIVE: A Proposed Reconstruction of Precast Pavement

Table 1.1 Design 3 steel reinforcement

TOTAL

DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY PRICE PRICE

10 mm⌀ deformed bar (7.5 m long) PCS 21 210 4410

32 mm⌀ deformed bar (10.5 m long) PCS 1 3010 3010

TOTAL ₱ 7,420.00
 Table 1.2 total estimation per pavement

ITEMS DESIGN 1 DESIGN 2 DESIGN 3

CONCRETE MIX 9350 9350 9350

MOLDER 27311 27311 27311

LIFTING SOCKET 832 832 832

REINFORCEMENT

STEEL 6208 6040 7420

TOTAL ₱ 43,701.00 ₱ 43,533.00 ₱ 44,913.00

Result

Design 2 with 12mm ⌀ steel reinforcement as support has 14 pcs of 12mm ⌀ for

top and bottom bars. Design 3 with 10mm ⌀ steel reinforcement as support has 20 pcs

of 10mm ⌀ for top bars and 20 pcs for bottom bars. For the molder, the researcher chose

to use a steel plate for durability, which can be reused many times in molding pavement.

For the estimation of the pavement, the researchers used grade 33 steel for both 32 mm

dia. And 16 mm dia. With a length of 6 meters per PCS. For the cement, the researcher

uses 40 bags of cement; for the gravel; the researcher uses 3/4 type of gravel; for sand;

the researcher uses fine sand. For the composition of the mixture, the researcher uses

class AA with a compressive strength of 28 MPa. For design 1, the estimated price per

pavement is ₱ 43,701.00. For design 2 is ₱ 43,533.00, and for design 3 is ₱ 44,913.00.

Their additional payments depend on the location of the site.

Summary

Based on the results of computation, the researcher presents three different

designs, concluding the Design 3 with 10⌀ mm steel reinforcement as support has 20 pcs

of 10⌀ mm for top bars and 20 pcs for bottom bars. Having 3m x 3m x 0.25m dimensions

and 24 pcs of 32 ⌀ mm deform bar with a length of 420mm with 4 tubular lifting sockets

for lifting. For the molder, the researcher chose to use a steel plate for durability, which

can be reused many times in molding pavement. Design 3 has estimated price per

pavement of ₱ 44,913. Their additional payments depending on the location of the site.

The researcher concludes the Design 3 because it is safe and economical.

LITERATURE CITED

[1] C. Rao, P. Littleton, S. Suri, G. Ullman, "California Demonstration Project:

Pavement Replacement Using a Precast Pavement System on I-15 in

Ontario," pp. 04-13, 01 06 2013.

[2] P. Littleton, J. Mallela, " Florida Demonstration Project: Precast Concrete

Pavement System on US 92," pp. 10-31, 01 04 2014.

[3] C. Rao, P. Littleton, S. Suri, G. Ullman, " Virginia I-66 Concrete Pavement

Replacement Using Precast Concrete Pavement Systems," pp. 03-49, 01 06

2013[4] S. Tayabji, J. Bledsoe, D. Raghunathan, S. Sadasivam, J. Mallela,

"Georgia Demonstration Project: Pavement Replacement Using a Precast

Concrete Pavement System Along a Section of SR 11/Broad Street in Winder,

Georgia," pp. 04-13, 01 12 2014.

[5] M. Enriquez, L. M. Pabuna, F. K. Sawali, " Applicability of Precast

Reinforced Concrete Pavementon the Proposed EDSA Rehabilitation," pp. 03-

19, 07 2013

[6] J. Novak, A. Kohoutková, K. Vladimír , J. Vodička. "Precast concrete

pavement–systems and performance review." In IOP Conference Series:

Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 236, no. 1, p. 012030. IOP Publishing,

2017.

[7] D. Merritt, F. McCullough, N. Burns. "Feasibility of using precast

concrete panels to expedite construction of portland cement concrete

pavements." Transportation research record 1761, no. 1 (2001): pp 3-9.

[8] S. Tayabji, D. Ye. "Precast Concrete Pavement Innovation,

Performance and Best Practices." pp 3-9, 07 2015

[9] S. Tayabji, D. Ye. "Precast Concrete Pavement Technology

Resources." pp 1-4, 09 2015

[10] S. Rao, P. Littleton, J. Mallela, "Utah Demonstration Project: Precast

Concrete Pavement System on I-215," pp. 32-49, 01 06 2013.

[11] H. Tanaka, "The Study on Drainage Improvement in the Core Area

of Metropolitan Manila, Republic of The Philippine," pp. 2-38, 03 2005.