YOGANANANDA COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

SMART PEDESTRAINS/ PAVEMENT

AND
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
[JAMMU SMART CITY PVT. LTD.]

SUBMITTED TO: MENTOR:

ER.RAJNISH MAGOTRA ER.SANDEEP THAKUR
GROUP MEMBERS :
 Yaris shuban malik [191506031]
 Mohd ifzal [191506033]
 Mridul sharma [191506034]
 Kaustav R khajuria [191506038]
 Jaffar manzoor [191506039]
 Ujwal singh [191506043]
 Vasu khajuria [191506050]
 Mavish choudhary [191506064]
CONTENTS:
 Costing of project / completion time of project
 Objectives
 Introduction
 Basic components used in construction of pedestrain
 Step by step process for Drainage construction :
 1. Chainage marking/surveying
 2. Excavation and leveling
 3. PCC pouring
 4. Steel binding wire mesh for drainage raft casting
 5. Wall of drainage shuttering and pre casting walls
 6. Application of slab on drainage
 Process for pedestrain construction:
 1.Chainage marking and excavation is same as in drainage construction.
 2. Levelling and application of curbstone at edges
 3. Dressing \ PCC of leveled surface
 4. Preparation of bed and sand dust
 5. Fixing paver block\tiles and in center tactile tiles
 6. Housekeeping \ finishing .
COSTING OF PROJECT /
COMPLETION TIME OF PROJECT :
 The project is comes under Jammu Smart
City private limited which is executed by
“ Jammu Municipal Corporation”.
 This is 23 junctions located in Jammu
project.
 Our overall cost is { 2.05 Cr } including
smart toilets.
 Our project is started in [March 2023], and
the estimated time of completion of this
project is 3 Jan, 2024.
OBJECTIVES :
 To acquire knowledge involving construction
process.
 To acquire knowledge about the structural
drawing and design specifications.
 Appropriate selection of machinery and
equipment.
 To obtain knowledge about steps involving
construction process.
 To acquire knowledge for infrastructure
development.
 INTRODUCTION:
 Pavement is the actual travel surface
especially made durable and serviceable
to withstand the people walking on it it
provides safety and transfer the load to
the natural soil beneath it .
 Pavement construction begins with
proper leveling and preparation of earth
surface ends at fixing the paver block on
it.
 It is the raised platform for the people
to walk and it can makes easy to move
from one place to another.
 The pavement we constructed in our
project is 250m long and 1.6m wide.
BASIC COMPONENTS USED IN
CONSTRUCTION OF PEDESTRAIN :

 Sub grade :
In transport engineering, subgrade is the native material
underneath a constructed road, pavement or railway track(US:
railroad track). It is also called formation level.The term can
also refer to imported material that has been used to build
an embankment.
 Sub base:
Sub base is a layer of gravel, which is fairly cheap material,
placed on top of sub grade. The sub base placement is optional
and it serves as a work platform for construction of the slab and
provide more uniform support for the slab. As the thickness of
sub base increases, the ultimate load carrying capacity of slab
increases. Therefore, the designer shall select thick sub base if
the imposed load is large. Apart from carrying slab load, sub base
interrupts capillary and prevent water to move upward from
groundwater into the slab.
CURBSTONE AND TYPES:

 The curb stone is generally used in the

edge of the carriageway or footpath.
The grade concrete that is used in
stone curb construction shall not be less
than M20 grade and high strength is
required
 The curbstone we provided in our
project is of dimensions [300x300x50
mm].
STEP BY STEP PROCESS FOR
DRAINAGE CONSTRUCTION:
 Chainage marking \ surveying :
 The word “chainage” as used today indicates the centerline of a
linear structure, such as a road or pipeline. It’s used in conjunction
with “elevation” and “offset” to draw up construction plans. These
terms are explained as follows:
  Chainage: As mentioned, chainage refers to the centerline of the
structure. Plans are often shown looking at the structure in the
direction of increasing chainage. For example, if a road is 30 chains
long, the view would look toward the 30 mark from the 0 mark.
 Elevation: The up and down positioning of structures relative to the
chainage.
 Offset: The left and right positioning of structures relative to the
chainage.
 
 A “chain” is used as a unit of measure, equaling 22 yards (66 feet),
which was the length of Gunter’s chain.
EXCAVATION AND LEVELING:
 Excavation:
 In excavation is to find out the extent of soil and Clearing of
construction site is of unwanted bushes, weeds and plants.
 Maximum of 4 and minimum of 2 benchmarks are marked in the
corner for the measurement of level. These benchmarks are marked
on permanent structures like, plinth, road or tree.
 The tracing is marked by lime powder.
 With the reference of drawing and benchmarks the depth of the
excavation is fixed.
 Excavation is done by manual or machine means depending on the
availability.
 Leveling:
 Levelling is defined as the art of determining the
relative heights or the elevations of different
points on the surface of the earth so that the same
may be represented on a plan or
map. Levelling process mainly deals with the
measurements in the vertical plane.
 Levelling is a process of taking the measurement
of the level of the ground in the vertical plane.
PCC POURING:
  PCC concrete is poured on the
ground surface to avoid direct
contact with the reinforcement of
the soil and water in the
concrete.
 Plain Cement concrete is a
surface prepared in the right
proportions of cement, fine
aggregate (sand), and coarse
aggregate. In which steel is not
provided.
 We used [M7.5] grade 75mm
PCC \dressing layer in our project.
STEEL BINDING WIRE MESH FOR
DRAINAGE RAFT CASTING:
 Check and approve that reinforcements
are fixed as per the approved drawings.
 Examine reinforcement spacing and cover.
 Ensure that adequate support for
reinforcements are provided to prevent
any movement during concreting process.
 Loose ties along the splices of
reinforcement bars must be tightened
again.
 Free end of binding wires shall be bended
inward.
 The steel we used in our project is Fe415
 The length of the reinforcement in 12m
and 10mm in diameter
APPLICATION OF SLAB ON DRAINAGE
 Drain Covers is fabricated with high-
grade materials known for high bond
strength. When it comes to durability
 The use of the finest quality raw
materials in manufacturing enhances
the capability and efficiency of our
drain covers. Additionally, a premium
grade of cast iron with in fills of
concrete enhances the sturdiness. 
 Outdoor Drain Covers used in city
construction projects due to their seal
ability
 The precast slab cover we use in our
project dimensions [ 500x850x75 mm]
of M30 grade with weepholes.
PROCESS FOR PEDESTRAIN
CONSTRUCTION:
 Preparation of bed and sand dust :
 There are a few different
methods for leveling a surface of
crushed stone or gravel ,
whether the stone will become
the surface material or a base
layer for other paving materials. 
 Add the stone and spread it out
evenly with a rake. Starting in one
corner of the patio, grade the
stone with the rake until the
surface is at the proper distance
from the strings.
FIXING PAVER BLOCK\TILES AND IN
CENTER TACTILE TILES:
 First remove the loose pavers one at a time. You
can use a flat-head screwdriver or any other
narrow tool to help you in that process.
 Then pour approximately 1 cup of sand into each
hole left by the removed pavers and level it with
your hand.
 With the sand properly leveled, put the paver
back and rock it back and forth. Make sure that
the paver is properly leveled with the ones
around it. If the pavers is still loose, repeat the
process.
 After that, spread sand on the top of the paver
and sweep it to the gaps between the pavers.
You can then wet the sand, repeating the process
until all gaps are filled.
 The paver block we used in our project
dimensions [60 mm thick].
 Tactile tiles dimensions [300x300mm]
HOUSEKEEPING \ FINISHING :
 Construction sites can get messy pretty
quickly if proper housekeeping is not
routinely enforced. Pre and post work
assessments can help improve order,
cleanliness, and safety. Here practices for
better housekeeping:
 Make Cleanliness a Top Priority
 High-Level Safety
DRAWING READING FOR DRAIN:
GROUP PHOTOS: