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  • Normalization

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    Eaint Eaindra
    11 views4 pages
    The document describes the normalization of invoice data from an unnormalized form to third normal form. It starts with the data in an unnormalized form with repeating groups and multivalued attributes. It then transforms the data through each normal form, removing anomalies at each step. First normal form is achieved by removing multivalued attributes. Second normal form adds primary and foreign keys. Third normal form removes non-key attributes that depend on other non-key attributes. An entity-relationship diagram depicts the final normalized structure with four tables.

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    The document describes the normalization of invoice data from an unnormalized form to third normal form. It starts with the data in an unnormalized form with repeating groups and multivalued attributes. It then transforms the data through each normal form, removing anomalies at each step. First normal form is achieved by removing multivalued attributes. Second normal form adds primary and foreign keys. Third normal form removes non-key attributes that depend on other non-key attributes. An entity-relationship diagram depicts the final normalized structure with four tables.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    11 views4 pages

    Normalization

    Uploaded by

    Eaint Eaindra
    The document describes the normalization of invoice data from an unnormalized form to third normal form. It starts with the data in an unnormalized form with repeating groups and multivalued attributes. It then transforms the data through each normal form, removing anomalies at each step. First normal form is achieved by removing multivalued attributes. Second normal form adds primary and foreign keys. Third normal form removes non-key attributes that depend on other non-key attributes. An entity-relationship diagram depicts the final normalized structure with four tables.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 4

    Normalization

    ABC Store
    Invoice Number:1001
    Date: 16/7/2020
    Customer Number: C001
    Customer Name: U Mg Mg
    Address: Mdy
    Item Code Description Qty Price Amount
    I234 Exercise Book 12 300 3600

    I345 Soft Pen 10 500 5000

    I456 Ball Pen 20 700 14000

    Total 22600
    Signature:
    Invoice Date Custome Customer Address Item Description Price Qty
    Number r Name Code
    Number
    1001 16/7/2020 C001 U Mg Mg Mdy I234 Exercise 300 12
    Book
    1001 16/7/2020 C001 U Mg Mg Mdy I345 Soft Pen 500 10
    1001 16/7/2020 C001 U Mg Mg Mdy I456 Ball Pen 700 20
    1002 16/7/2020 C002 Daw Aye Ygn I345 Soft Pen 500 4
    1002 16/7/2020 C002 Daw Aye Ygn I555 Pencil 250 4
    1003 16/7/2020 C003 U Soe Tgy I345 Soft Pen 500 2
    Amount=Qty*Price Total=Amount+
    Amount+…..
     What is derive attribute?
     What is problem?
     Repeated Items?
     Multivalued Items/Attributes

    Attributes
    Unnormal Form (UNF)
    Invoice_Number
    Date
    Customer_Number
    Customer_Name
    Address
    Item_Code
    Description
    Price
    Qty
    Amount
    Total

    First Normal Form (1NF)


     No multivalued attributes
     Every attribute value is atomic
    Invoice Invoice_Item

    Invoice_Number (PK) Invoice_Number (PK,FK)

    Date Item_Code (PK)

    Customer_Number Description

    Customer_Name Price
    Qty
    Address
    (PK) 1001 (PK) I234
    1001 I345
    1001 I456

    Primary Key
    Composite Key
    Candidate Key
    Foreign Key

    Problem/ Anomalies
    Insert- without Invoice Number
    Delete- Information Lost
    Update- Inconsistency

    Second Normal Form (2NF)


    -INF
    -Fully Functional Dependency
    Invoice Number>> Date
    Student ID determines student name.
    Student Name depends on Student ID.

    Invoice Invoice_Item Item


    Invoice_Number(PK,F Item_Code(PK)
    Invoice_Number (PK)
    K)
    Description
    Date
    Item_Code(PK,FK)
    Price
    Customer_Number
    Qty
    Customer_Name
    Address
    Third Normal Form (3NF)
    -2NF
    -No functional dependencies between Non-key attributes.
    Invoice Invoice_Item Customer Item

    Invoice_Number Invoice_Number Customer_Number Item_Code

    Date Item_Code Customer_Name Description


    Qty Address Price
    Customer_Number

    ERD

    Invoice Customer

    Invoice_Item

    Item

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